Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Electronic Design Technologies

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Contributors
Intelligence
Immunity Booster Bangladeshi Medical Plants Recognition Using CNN:  A Deep Learning Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Proposed Method
		3.2 Data Collection
		3.3 Data Preprocessing
		3.4 Data Augmentation
		3.5 Classification Algorithms(CNN)
		3.6 Proposed Method
	4 Result and Analysis
		4.1 Performance Evaluation
		4.2 Simulator Parameter
		4.3 Result Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Seismic Data Quality Analysis Using Fuzzy Logic
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Motivation
	2 Related Work
	3 Method
		3.1 Feature Extraction
		3.2 Fuzzy Logic System
	4 If lowFreq is low and midFreq is low and highFreq is low then Quality is low
	5 Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
Enhancing RFID Antenna Design: XG Boost-Driven Machine Learning Optimization of Encapsulated Circular Loop Antenna
	1 Introduction
	2 Modelled Device Structure-Encapsulated Circular Loop Antenna
	3 Proposed Machine Learning Model
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Weed Detection and Removal Using Robotic Arm with Mask R-CNN
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
GSTLB-GPS Enabled Secured Software Defined Network using Transfer Learning and BlockChain Technology for Industrial IoT (IIoT)
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Literature Survey
	2 Proposed Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Neural Network Comparison
		3.2 Graphical Analysis
		3.3 Comparison of Results with Previous Studies
		3.4 Enhancement in the Critical Analysis in the Literature Review
		3.5 Discussion on the Implications of the Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Developing Image Deepfake Detection System Using the MesoNet Algorithm: A Comprehensive Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Problem Identification
		3.2 Data Collection
		3.3 Model MesoNet Design
		3.4 Testing and Evaluation
	4 Result and Analysis
		4.1 Data Collection
		4.2 Model MesoNet Design
		4.3 Testing and Evaluation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Weedy Rice Detection Mobile Apps Using Convolutional Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Design
		2.1 Data Collection
		2.2 Data Pre-processing
		2.3 Model Training
		2.4 Mobile Apps Development
	3 Results and Findings
		3.1 System Implementation
		3.2 Accuracy Performance
	4 Conclusion
	References
Uncertainty-Based Active Learning for Underwater Image Annotation
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Flowchart
		3.2 Dataset and Image Processing
		3.3 Feature Extraction
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Accuracy Comparison Based on the Percentage of Labeled Training Set
		4.2 Precision and Recall Based on the Percentage of Labeled Training Set
		4.3 Results for Accuracy Based on Different Iteration
		4.4 Overall Results for Both Classifiers
		4.5 Result of ROC-AUC Graph
	5 Conclusion
	References
Circular Patch Antenna Classification Based on Radiation Pattern
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Design and Data Collection
		2.1 Antenna Design
		2.2 Data Collection
	3 Method of Data Processing and Development of Machine Learning Model
		3.1 Data Preprocessing
		3.2 Feature Selection
		3.3 Model Training and Evaluation
		3.4 Choosing a Machine Learning Model
		3.5 Model Deployment
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Model Evaluation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Revolutionizing E-waste Classification: The Role of AI and Image Processing Techniques in Sustainable Recycling
	1 Introduction
	2 E-waste Category and Material Constituents
	3 Methods in E-waste Management
		3.1 Conventional Methods
		3.2 AI and Image Processing Methods
	4 Challenges of E-waste Management Using AI
	5 Conclusion
	References
Verification of Battery Initial Conditions for Battery Sizing in Microgrids Using Two-Way ANOVA and MRFO
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Microgrid System
		2.2 Problem Formulation
		2.3 Manta Ray Foraging Optimization (MRFO)
		2.4 Two-Way ANOVA
	3 Result
	4 Conclusion
	References
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for Image Forgery Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Methodology
		3.1 Flowchart
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Implementation and Performance Evaluation
		4.2 Experimental Result and Analysis
		4.3 Comparison with SOTA Performance Metrics
	5 Conclusion and Future Works
	References
Machine Learning for Classification of Circular Patch Antenna Based on Resonance and Impedance Matching
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Background
	2 Antenna Design and Data Collection
		2.1 Antenna Design
		2.2 Data Collection
	3 Data Processing and Machine Learning
		3.1 Data Normalization
		3.2 Feature Selection
		3.3 Model Training and Evaluation
		3.4 Development of Graphical User Interface (GUI)
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Models
		4.2 GUI for Antenna Classification
	5 Conclusion
	References
Deep Learning-Based System for Quranic Verse Recitation Verification
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design of Four-Port Antenna for Human Activity Recognition in Ambient Backscatter Communications Systems at 433 MHz
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Classification of Patch Antenna Acceptance Based on Antenna Gain Using Machine Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Design and Data Collection
		2.1 Antenna Design
		2.2 Data Collection
	3 Data Processing and Machine Learning
		3.1 Data Preprocessing
		3.2 Model Training and Evaluation
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Models
		4.2 GUI for Antenna Classification
	5 Conclusion
	References
Performance Enhancement for Multi‑path Hybrid Spectrum Sensor Using Adaptive Threshold Optimization in Cognitive Radio
	1 Introduction
	2 System Model
		2.1 Spectrum Sensing Model
		2.2 Proposed Adaptive Threshold Optimization Model
		2.3 Proposed Model
	3 Simulation Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of the Optimal Adaptive Threshold Level (oATh) on Multi-path Hybrid Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio
	4 Conclusions
	References
Malaysian Sign Language Recognition for Static Gestures Using Transfer Learning Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Previous Works
	3 Proposed Methodology
		3.1 Data Acquisition
		3.2 Data Preprocessing
		3.3 Model Training and Validation
		3.4 Model Evaluation
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Training Phase Results
		4.2 Testing Phase Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Effects of Routing Protocol Parameters to Improve Network Performances in MANET
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Simulation Setting
		2.2 Protocol Parameters Configuration
		2.3 Tuning Parameters of DSDV Routing Protocol
		2.4 Tuning Parameters for DYMO Routing Protocol
	3 Result and Discussions
		3.1 Impact of Different Pause Time
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Systematic Review of Attention Mechanisms in UNet Models for Medical Image Segmentation
	1 Introduction
	2 Concept of Attention Mechanisms
	3 Attention Mechanisms in UNet
	4 Future Challenges
	5 Conclusion
	References
Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Detection: A Deep Learning-Based Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
		2.1 Deep Learning in Medical Imaging
		2.2 Comparison of Approaches
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Research Flow
		3.2 Data Collection and Preprocessing
		3.3 Model Development
		3.4 Web Development
		3.5 Evaluation Metrics
	4 Results
		4.1 Model Performance
		4.2 Testing Analysis
		4.3 Prediction Using Model
	5 Conclusion
	References
Evaluation of Particulate Matter Concentrations Across Diverse Urban and Rural Locations Using Machine Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Design and Installation
		2.2 Coding and Validation
		2.3 Data Acquisition
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Analysis on Concentration of Pollutants over Various Time Intervals
		3.2 Analysis on Concentration of Pollutants with Machine Learning
	4 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of Feature Extraction on U-Net Wavelet and Clarify Net in Image Defogging
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Image Pre-processing
		3.2 Feature Extraction
		3.3 Defogging
		3.4 Evaluation Using PSNR and Loss
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
		5.1 Future Work
	References
Optimizing the TSP-D with Pity Beetle Algorithm to Minimize the Delivery Completion Time for UAV Routing Problems
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Related Research
		2.2 Pity Beetle Algorithm
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Research Design
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Student Academic Guidance System Using Rule Based Expert System
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Student Academic Guidance System
	4 Conclusion
	References
Integrated IoT and Machine Learning System for Solar Energy Monitoring on Small Farms
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed System
		2.1 Solar Monitoring System
		2.2 Model Development
		2.3 Web Application Development
	3 Hardware Description
	4 Software Description
	5 Result
		5.1 Web Application
		5.2 Model Evaluation
		5.3 Conclusion
	References
Evaluation of Digit Recognition Performance for Automatic Electric Meters Reading System
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 A Comparative Analysis of Models for Digit Recognition in Electric Meter Numbers
		4.2 Analysis & Discussion for All Tested Model
	5 Conclusion
	References
Multiclass Classification of Lung Cancer with SVM and XGBoost with 20+ Features
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature
	3 Method
		3.1 The Dataset
		3.2 Preprocessing, EDA and Data Splitting
	4 Model Performance
		4.1 SVM Model
		4.2 XGBoost Model
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) Using Machine Learning Optimization Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Method
		2.1 DRA Design
		2.2 Data Collection, Analysis, and Hd Prediction
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Antenna Performance
		3.2 Performance of ML Algorithms
		3.3 Prediction of DRA Height
		3.4 Accuracy of Neural Network DRA Optimization
		3.5 Model Evaluation
		3.6 Optimization Process
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Study on Feature Extraction Methods for Effective Malware Detection: DCT, LBP, and HOG
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Data Pre-processing
		2.2 Feature Extraction
		2.3 Classification
		2.4 Evaluation Using Euclidean Distance
	3 Results
		3.1 Dimensional Reduction
		3.2 Training and Testing Splits
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
		5.1 Conclusion
		5.2 Future Work
	References
Combined CNN Based Computer Imaging and Electromagnetic Sensing Analysis for Mango Quality Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Computer Vision Enhanced Electromagnetic Analysis
		2.1 Computer Vision Analysis
		2.2 Electromagnetic Sensing to Analyse the Internal Property of the Mango
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 External Properties Analysis of the Mango Using Computer Vision
		3.2 Internal Properties Analysis of the Mango Using Electromagnetic Method
	4 Conclusion
	References
Classification of Mango Ripeness Grades Using Machine Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Method
		2.1 Image Pre-processing
		2.2 Dataset Splitting
		2.3 Model Evaluation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Results of Image Pre-processing
		3.2 Comparison of Classifier Performance
	4 Conclusion
	References
Transfer Learning in Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis: A Comparative Study of Pretrained Models
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Dataset Description
		3.2 Transfer Learning Approach
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 VGG16 Hyperparameter Tuning
	5 Conclusion
	References
Nearest Decimal Approach Method of IP Addressing for Variable Length Subnet Mask Calculation: Myanmar IXP Model
	1 Introduction
	2 VLSM and CIDR
	3 Traditional VLSM Calculation Method
		3.1 Convert the Significant Octet to Binary
		3.2 Starting with the Largest Subnet
		3.3 Create a New Boundary Between the Host and Subnet Bits.
		3.4 Finding the Address Range of the New Subnet
		3.5 Finding the Network Address for the Next Subnet
	4 VLSM Calculation for IPv4 Using the Nearest Decimal Approach
		4.1 Conversion of a Designated Host to Subnetting
		4.2 Subnetting and Designated Host Conversion
		4.3 Network IP Block Calculation
	5 VLSM Implementation Calculation with Nearest Decimal Approach Method
		5.1 First Site MPT Mobile Calculation
		5.2 Second Largest Mytel ISP Mobile Sites
		5.3 MPT IXP and the Ooredoo ISP Sites
		5.4 The WAN’s Address Calculations
	6 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References
Electronics
A Compact Frequency and Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna for IoT Close Range Devices
	1 Introduction
	2 Implementation and Evaluation of Proposed Structure
		2.1 Antenna Geometry and Its Implementation
	3 Analysis of Simulated Results
		3.1 Mode 1
		3.2 Mode 2 and Mode 3
		3.3 Pattern Analysis on Smart Vehicle
	4 Conclusion
	References
IOT Warning System for Early Forest Fire Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 System Flowchart
		3.2 Prototype Development Using 3D Drawing and Printing
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Testing Analysis and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design an Antenna Array for Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting System (RF-EH) to Feed Low Power Sensors
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed System Configuration
		2.1 Antenna Array
		2.2 Rectifier Design
	3 Proposed System Fabrication and Experiments
		3.1 Antenna Array
		3.2 Rectifier System
		3.3 Rectenna System
	4 Conclusion
	References
Non-invasive Detection of Urea Adulteration in Milk Using Optical Sensing Techniques
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Wild Boars Repellent and Monitoring System For Open Space Areas Using IoT Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Study for Ascon Lightweight Hardware Security Algorithms in FPGA
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Balancing Memory Hierarchy in FPGA Systems: A Study on Effective Replacement and Write Policies
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Modelling Tools
		3.2 Design of Memory Hierarchy
	4 Results
		4.1 Architecture of Memory Hierarchy
		4.2 Simulation Results of Memory Hierarchy
	5 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Analysis of Pipelining Architectures in FPGAs and CPUs
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 FPGA Pipelining
	4 CPU Pipelining
	5 Comparison Between FPGA and CPU Pipelining
	6 Case Studies
	7 Conclusion
	References
Optical Single-Sideband Subcarrier Multiplexing (SCM)/Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) in Free Space Optic (FSO) System
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Simulation Setup
		3.1 Parameter Setup
		3.2 Design Architecture
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Human Presence Detector in Vehicle Based on Multi-Sensor Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 System Flowchart
		3.2 System Hardware
		3.3 System Software Development
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
IoT Based Fertilizer System for Crop Cultivation
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 System Design
		2.2 System Flowchart
		2.3 Circuit Diagram
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Parameter Needed
		3.2 Hardware Output
		3.3 Software Output
	4 Conclusion
		4.1 Conclusion
		4.2 Future Work
	References
Miniaturized On-Chip Bandpass Filter Design Using Folded Resonators Loaded by MIM Capacitor for System-On-Chip Integration
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of Geometry of the Proposed BPF
	3 Design Procedures and Results
		3.1 Design of Conventional Two OLRs BPF
		3.2 H- SHAPE Loading Effect
		3.3 Meandering Effect
		3.4 DGS Loading Effect
		3.5 BPF MIM Capacitors Effect
	4 Conclusion
	References
Development and Performance Evaluation of MXene Based CO2 Sensor
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Material Characterization
		2.2 Electrical Characterization
		2.3 Preparation of MXene
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Performance Metrics Bounds for Wideband Communication Systems
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Contributions and Paper Organization
	2 System Model
		2.1 OFDM Signal Model
		2.2 Additive Quantization Noise Model (AQNM)
	3 Performance Metrics Bounds
		3.1 NMSE Lower Bound
		3.2 Achievable Dta Rate Bound
		3.3 Average Output Signal Power
		3.4 Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Review on Partial Discharge Signal Detection in High Voltage Cable Insulation System Based on Rise Time
	1 Introduction
	2 Partial Discharge Phenomenon
		2.1 Causes of Partial Discharge
		2.2 Mechanism of Partial Discharge
		2.3 Effects on Insulation System
	3 Detection Methods
		3.1 Detection and Measurement
		3.2 Rise Time as a Detection Parameter
		3.3 Definition and Significance
		3.4 Advantages of Rise Time-Based Detection
		3.5 Case Studies and Examples
	4 Conclusion
	References
IoT-Based Accident Signalling System for Hospitals
	1 Introduction
	2 Motivation
	3 Technology Stack
		3.1 ESP8266 Microcontroller
		3.2 ADXL345 Accelerometer
		3.3 NEO-6M GPS
		3.4 Languages
		3.5 Realtime Database
	4 Proposed System
		4.1 Developing a Web Application
		4.2 Connecting to the Realtime Firebase Database
		4.3 Hardware Setup
		4.4 Connecting the ESP8266 to the Firebase
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Future Enhancement
	References