Advanced Vehicle Technology

1.1 Integral body construction......Page 10
1.2 Engine, transmission and body structures......Page 21
1.3 Fifth wheel coupling assembly......Page 33
1.4 Trailer and caravan drawbar couplings......Page 35
1.5 Semi-trailer landing gear......Page 39
1.6 Automatic chassis lubrication system......Page 41
2.1 Clutch fundamentals......Page 46
2.2 Angular driven plate cushioning and torsional damping......Page 47
2.3 Clutch friction materials......Page 50
2.4 Clutch drive and driven member inspection......Page 52
2.5 Clutch misalignment......Page 53
2.7 Multiplate diaphragm type clutch......Page 55
2.8 Lipe rollway twin driven plate clutch......Page 56
2.9 Spicer twin driven plate angle spring pull type clutch......Page 58
2.10 Clutch (upshift) brake......Page 60
2.11 Multiplate hydraulically operated automatic transmission clutches......Page 61
2.13 Fully automatic centrifugal clutch......Page 62
2.14 Clutch pedal actuating mechanisms......Page 63
2.15 Composite flywheel and integral single plate diaphragm clutch......Page 66
3.1 The necessity for a gearbox......Page 69
3.2 Five speed and reverse synchromesh gearboxes......Page 71
3.3 Gear synchronization and engagement......Page 73
3.4 Remote controlled gear selection and engagement m......Page 82
3.5 Splitter and range change gearboxes......Page 85
3.6 Transfer box power take-off......Page 92
3.7 Overdrive considerations......Page 94
3.8 Setting gear ratios......Page 102
4.1 Hydrokinetic fluid couplings......Page 107
4.4 Hydrokinetic three element torque converter......Page 111
4.5 Torque converter performance terminology......Page 116
4.6 Overrun clutches......Page 118
4.7 Three stage hydrokinetic converter......Page 120
4.8 Polyphase hydrokinetic torque converter......Page 121
4.9 Torque converter with lock-up and gear change friction clutches......Page 123
5.2 Four speed and reverse longitudinally mounted automatic transmission mechanical power flow......Page 126
5.3 The fundamentals of a hydraulic control system......Page 132
5.4 Basic principle of a hydraulically controlled gearshift......Page 135
5.5 Basic four speed hydraulic control system......Page 136
5.6 Three speed and reverse transaxle automatic transmission mechanical power flow......Page 143
5.7 Hydraulic gear selection control components......Page 147
5.8 Hydraulic gear selection control operation......Page 155
5.9 The continuously variable belt and pulley transmission......Page 158
5.10 Five speed automatic transmission with electronic-hydraulic control......Page 164
5.11 Semi-automatic (manual gear change two pedal control) transmission system......Page 196
6.1 Rolling contact bearings......Page 202
6.2 The need for constant velocity joints......Page 221
7.1 Crownwheel and pinion axle adjustments......Page 235
7.2 Differential locks......Page 244
7.3 Skid reducing differentials......Page 245
7.4 Double reduction axles......Page 251
7.5 Two speed axles......Page 256
7.6 The third (central) differential......Page 258
7.7 Four wheel drive arrangements......Page 263
7.8 Electro-hydralic limited slip differential......Page 271
7.9 Tyre grip when braking and accelerating with good and poor road surfaces......Page 273
7.10 Traction control system......Page 274
8.1 Tractive and braking properties of tyres......Page 279
8.2 Tyre materials......Page 286
8.3 Tyre tread design......Page 290
8.4 Cornering properties of tyres......Page 297
8.5 Vehicle steady state directional stability......Page 305
8.6 Tyre marking identification......Page 308
8.7 Wheel balancing......Page 310
9.1 Steering gearbox fundamental design......Page 320
9.2 The need for power assisted steering......Page 327
9.3 Steering linkage ball and socket joints......Page 346
9.4 Steering geometry and wheel alignment......Page 348
9.5 Variable-ratio rack and pinion......Page 361
9.6 Speed sensitive rack and pinion power assisted steering......Page 363
9.7 Rack and pinion electric power assisted steering......Page 372
10.1 Suspension geometry......Page 377
10.2 Suspension roll centres......Page 384
10.3 Body roll stability analysis......Page 390
10.4 Anti-roll bars and roll stiffness......Page 394
10.5 rubber spring bump or limiting stops......Page 396
10.6 Axle location......Page 398
10.7 Rear suspension arrangements......Page 399
10.8 Suspension design consideration......Page 408
10.9 Hydrogen suspension......Page 414
10.10 Hydropneumatic automatic height correction suspension......Page 417
10.11 Commercial vehicle axle beam location......Page 424
10.12 Variable rate leaf suspension springs......Page 426
10.13 Tandem and tri-axle bogies......Page 430
10.14 Rubber spring suspension......Page 437
10.15 Air suspensions for commercial vehicles......Page 440
10.16 Lift axle tandem or tri-axle suspension......Page 446
10.17 Active suspension......Page 448
10.18 Electronic controlled pneumatic (air) suspension for on and off road use......Page 456
11.1 Braking fun......Page 459
11.2 Brake shoe and pad fundamentals......Page 461
11.3 Brake shoe expanders and adjusters......Page 470
11.4 Disc brake pad support arrangements......Page 479
11.5 Dual- or split-line braking systems......Page 486
11.6 Apportional braking......Page 491
11.7 Antilocking brake system (ABS)......Page 495
11.8 Brake servos......Page 503
11.9 Pneumatic operated disk brakes (for trucks and trailers)......Page 513
12.2 Air operated power brake systems......Page 519
12.3 Air operated power brake equipment......Page 525
12.4 Vehicle retarders......Page 556
12.5 Electronic-pneumatic brakes......Page 567
13.1 Refrigeration terms......Page 579
13.2 Principles of a vapour-compression cycle refrigeration system......Page 582
13.3 Refrigeration system components......Page 583
13.4 Vapour-compression cycle refrigeration system with reverse cycle defrosting......Page 589
14.1 Viscous air flow fundamentals......Page 593
14.2 Aerodynamic drag......Page 599
14.3 Aerodynamic lift......Page 607
14.4 Car body drag reduction......Page 610
14.5 Aerodynamic lift control......Page 615
14.6 Afterbody drag......Page 620
14.7 Commercial vehicle aeordynamic fundamentals......Page 626
14.8 Commercial vehicle drag reducing devices......Page 631
Index......Page 644