Advanced Nanomaterials

Preface
Contents
Optical Sources and Waveguides Based on Flexible 1D Nanomaterials
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Nanoscale Waveguides
	4 Multimode Lasers
	5 Conclusion
	References
Recent Advances in Earth Abundant and Environmentally Green Semiconducting Chalcogenide Nanomaterials for Photovoltaics Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Chalcogenides Semiconductors
		2.1 Iron Disulfide
		2.2 Copper Sulfide
		2.3 Tin Sulfide (SnS)
		2.4 Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide (CZTS)
	3 Other Green Semiconducting Materials
	4 Summary
	References
Effect of Spatial Scale on the Value of the Surface Energy of a Solid
	1 Introduction
	2 Surface Energy
	3 Materials and Grafting
		3.1 Particles
		3.2 Flat Surfaces
		3.3 Flat Surfaces Obtained by Particles Compression
	4 Methods Used to Measure the Surface Energy
		4.1 Capillary Rise
		4.2 Inverse Gas Chromatography at Infinite Dilution
		4.3 Contact Angle Measurements
		4.4 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
	5 Results
		5.1 Capillary Rise Experiments
		5.2 Inverse Gas Chromatography at Infinite Dilution
		5.3 Wettability: Contact Angle on Silica Wafers
		5.4 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
		5.5 Contact Angles on Flat Surfaces Obtained by Particles Compression
	6 Discussions
	7 Conclusions
	References
The Thermal Decomposition of AP and HMX: Effect of Reducing Size and Incorporation of Nano Additives
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods for Preparing Nanosize HEMs
		2.1 Preparation of Nano AP and Its Thermal Decomposition
		2.2 Preparation of Nano HMX and Its Thermal Decomposition
	3 Nanocatalyst for Thermal Decomposition
		3.1 Nanometals and Nanoalloys
		3.2 Nanoferrites
		3.3 Nano Metal Oxides
		3.4 Nanocomposites
	4 Conclusions
	References
Advanced Carbon Nanomaterials as Adsorbents
	1 Introduction
	2 Carbon Nanomaterials: Structure and Adsorption Properties
		2.1 Fullerenes
		2.2 Carbon Nanotubes
		2.3 Carbon Nanofibers
		2.4 Graphene and its Derivations
	3 Adsorption Influential Factors
	4 Future Perspectives and Commercialization
	5 Conclusions
	References
Graphene Oxide-Based Advanced Nanomaterials for Environmental Remediation Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Physicochemical Properties of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials
	3 Preparation of Graphene Oxide
		3.1 Synthesis of Pristine GO
		3.2 Synthesis of Reduced GO (rGO)
	4 Functionalization and Modification of GO
		4.1 Covalent Functionalization of GO
		4.2 Non-covalent Functionalization of GO
	5 Application to Sustainable Water Purification
		5.1 Heavy Metal Removal
		5.2 Removal of Dye
		5.3 Agricultural Pollutants Removal
		5.4 Radioactive Ions Removal
		5.5 Removal of Drugs
		5.6 Adsorption Mechanism
	6 Toxicology of Graphene Oxide
	7 Conclusion and Future Prospective
	References
Carbon Spheres and Carbon Soot for Tribological Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Tribological Problems
	3 Oil-Based Lubricants
	4 Nanomaterials in Tribology
		4.1 Metal-Based Additives
		4.2 Carbon-Based Additives
	5 Carbon Spheres and Carbon Soot
		5.1 Tribological Applications of Carbon Spheres
		5.2 Tribological Applications of Carbon Soot
		5.3 Other Applications of CSPs and CS
	6 Summary and Future Scope
	References
Lanthanide-Based Oxide as Advanced Nanostructured Materials for Removal of Organic Pollution
	1 Introduction
	2 Synthetic Methods for the Production of Lanthanide-Based Nanostructure
		2.1 Solid-State Reaction
		2.2 Hydrothermal
		2.3 Combustion
		2.4 Precipitation
		2.5 Pechini Approach
		2.6 Sol–gel Method
		2.7 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
	3 Applications of Lanthanide-Based Oxide Nanostructures
		3.1 An Introduction to Photocatalytic Nanostructure
		3.2 Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutant
	4 Conclusions
	References
Advanced Functional Nanomaterials for Sensing of Pollutants and Water Remediation
	1 Introduction
	2 Functionalization of Nanomaterials
		2.1 Classification and Synthesis of Functionalized Nanomaterials
		2.2 Characterization of the Functionalized Nanomaterials
	3 Sensing Properties and Applications of Functionalized Nanomaterials
		3.1 Chemical Sensing
		3.2 Bio-Sensing
		3.3 Food Adulterant Sensing
		3.4 Environmental Contaminant Sensing
	4 Advanced Functionalized Nanomaterials for Sensing
		4.1 Carbon-Based Functionalized Nanomaterials
		4.2 Silica Nanoparticles
		4.3 Noble Metal Nanoparticles
		4.4 Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs)
		4.5 Quantum Dots (QDs)
		4.6 Miscellaneous Nanomaterials
	5 Advanced Functional Nanomaterials and Water Remediation
		5.1 Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Water
		5.2 Removal of Dyes from Water
		5.3 Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water
		5.4 Catalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants
	6 Conclusions and Future Prospects
	References
Fabrication, Photoluminescence, and Applications of Rare-Earth Ions-Activated Nanophosphors
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Phosphors and Rare-Earth (RE) Ions-Activated Phosphors
		1.2 Luminescence Behaviors
		1.3 Some Recent Applications Based on RE Ions-Activated Phosphors
		1.4 Nanophosphors (NPs)
	2 Preparation of NPs in Wide Applications
		2.1 Phosphor-Converted White Light-Emitting Diodes (pc-WLEDs)
		2.2 Optical Nanothermometry
		2.3 Latent Fingerprint Detections
		2.4 Anti-Counterfeiting
		2.5 Field Emission Displays
		2.6 Biological Application (Bio Labeling and Drug Delivery)
	3 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Recent Strategies and Developments of ZnS Nanomaterials as Photocatalysts and Electrocatalysts
	1 Introduction
	2 Nanoscience
	3 Nanotechnology
	4 Zinc Sulphide (ZnS)
		4.1 Crystal Structure of ZnS
	5 Various Applications of ZnS Nanomaterials
		5.1 Growth and Applications Dependence of Nanostructures on the Various Parameters
	6 Role of ZnS Nanostructure in Catalysis
		6.1 Catalytic Activities
	7 Various Efforts to Improve the Catalytic Effect of ZnS
		7.1 Effects of Doping
		7.2 Effects of Defects States
		7.3 Effects of Porosity
		7.4 Effects of Morphology
	8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
	References
Nano/Microstructures of Nickel Sulphide for Energy Storage and Conversion Devices
	1 Introduction
		1.1 What Are Nanomaterials?
		1.2 Why Metal Sulphides?
		1.3 What is Nickel Sulphide?
	2 Role of Nano/Microstructure of Nickel Sulphide in Energy Storage and Conversion Devices
		2.1 Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)
		2.2 Supercapacitor and Lithium Ion Batteries
	3 Various Parameters Which Affect the Properties of Nickel Sulphide
	4 Different Phases of Nickel Sulphide
		4.1 NiS
		4.2 Vaesite (NiS2)
		4.3 Heazlewoodite (Ni3S2)
		4.4 Polydymite (Ni3S4)
		4.5 Godlevskite (Ni9S8)
	5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
	References
Nanomaterials for Concrete Coating Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Concrete Durability
	3 Coating Technology in Concrete
	4 Nanotechnology
	5 Nanoparticles
	6 Definition of Nanotechnology in Concrete
	7 Nanomaterials-Based Concretes
	8 Production of Nano Concrete
	9 Polymer Nanocomposite Coatings
	10 Nano Polymers and Their Applications
	11 Environmental Applications
	12 Conclusions
	References
Use of Nanoparticles in Endodontics
	1 Introduction
	2 Instrument Modifications
	3 Root Canal Disinfection
		3.1 Irrigation Agents
		3.2 Intracanal Medicaments
	4 Material Modifications
		4.1 Root Canal Sealer
		4.2 Mineral Trioxide Aggregate
	5 Tissue Engineering, Drug Delivery and Regeneration
	6 Limitations of Using Nanoparticles
	7 Conclusion
	References
Nanotechnology Strategies to Advance Restorative Resin-Based Dental Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Replacement of Resin Composite Restorations
	3 Toward Caries Disease: Bioactive Agents into Resin-Based Restorative Materials
	4 Historical Progress of Nanofillers Incorporated into Restorative Resin-Based Materials
	5 Nanomaterials to Provide Bioactivity for Resin-Based Restorative Materials
		5.1 Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles
		5.2 Calcium Fluoride Nanoparticles
		5.3 Halloysite Nanotubes
		5.4 Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes
		5.5 Boron Nitride Nanotubes
		5.6 Zinc-Based Nanoparticles for Mineral Deposition
	6 Nanomaterials to Impart Antibacterial Properties to Resin-Based Restorative Materials
		6.1 Zinc-Based Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Activity
		6.2 Silver Nanoparticles
		6.3 Copper Nanoparticles
		6.4 Quaternary Ammonium Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles
		6.5 Nanocapsules
		6.6 Quantum Dots
	7 Conclusion
	References
Recent Advances in the Design of Colorimetric Sensors Based on Gold Nanoparticles
	1 Colorimetric Detection Based on Gold Nanoparticles
	2 Application of Gold Nanoparticles to Surfactant Detection: Determination of Critical Micelle Concentrations of Surfactants
	3 Gold Nanoparticles for DNA and RNA Biomolecule Detection: Physicochemical Aspects of the Interaction
	4 Gold Nanoparticles in the Detection of Proteins and Enzymes for Medical Applications
	5 Nanotechnology-Based Sensors for Virus Detection and Diagnosis: New Challenges in SAR-CoV-2 Detection
	6 Conclusions
	References
Recent Advances and Applications of Nanomaterials in Solid-Phase Extraction Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Solid-Phase Extraction
		2.1 Cartridge Solid-Phase Extraction
		2.2 Pipette Tip Solid-Phase Extraction
		2.3 Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion
		2.4 Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction
		2.5 Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction
	3 The Application of Functionalized Nanomaterials
		3.1 Metals and Metal Derivatives
		3.2 Metal-Organic Frameworks
		3.3 Covalent Organic Frameworks
		3.4 Magnetic Nanomaterials
		3.5 Carbon Nanomaterials
		3.6 Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Nanomaterials
	4 Conclusions and Prospects
	References
Advances in the Processing of High-Entropy Alloys by Mechanical Alloying
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of High-Entropy Alloys
		2.1 Phase Formation in Multi-component Systems
		2.2 Definition of High-Entropy Alloys
		2.3 Core Effects
		2.4 Phase Engineering of High-Entropy Alloys
		2.5 Processing Methods
	3 Overview of Processing of Advanced Materials by Mechanical Alloying
		3.1 Processing of Nanocrystalline Materials
		3.2 Processing of Nanocomposites
		3.3 Processing of Alloys with Extended Solubility
		3.4 Processing of Amorphous Alloys
	4 High-Entropy Alloys Processed by Mechanical Alloying
		4.1 Phase Evolution During Mechanical Alloying and Consolidation
		4.2 Effects of Alloying Elements
		4.3 Mechanical Properties
	5 Summary
	References
Index