Advanced and Applied Studies on Ultra-Trace Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in Carbonates Using SN-ICPMS and LA-ICPMS (Springer Theses)

Supervisor’s Foreword
Abstract
Acknowledgements
Contents
1 Introduction
	1.1 Rare Earth Elements (REEs) as an Ideal Proxy for Climatic and Environmental Changes
	1.2 Carbonate REE Analysis Using SN-ICPMS
	1.3 Advantages of Using LA-ICPMS Approach to Determine Carbonate REE Profiles
	1.4 Structure of This Dissertation and Short Summaries of Results
	References
2 Approach I: Rapid and Precise Measurements of Natural Carbonate Rare Earth Elements in Femtogram Quantities by Solution Nebulization-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (SN-ICPMS)
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Experimental Section
		2.2.1 Reagents, Standards, and Samples
		2.2.2 Safety Considerations
		2.2.3 Instrumentation
	2.3 Results and Discussion
		2.3.1 Blanks and Spectral Interferences
		2.3.2 Mass Discrimination and Isotopic Ratio Drifting
		2.3.3 Matrix Effects
		2.3.4 Accuracy
		2.3.5 Precision and Detection Limit
		2.3.6 Monthly Coral REE Records
	2.4 Summary and Conclusions
	References
3 Application I: Pinatubo Volcanic Eruption Exacerbated an Abrupt Coral Mortality Event in 1991 Summer
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Materials and Methods
		3.2.1 Sample Collection
		3.2.2 Geochemical Analysis
	3.3 Results
		3.3.1 Temporal Variations of REE/Ca Ratios
		3.3.2 Changes in Coral REE Diagrams
		3.3.3 Ba/Ca, Al/Ca, and Sr/Ca Records of Coral ST0506
	3.4 Discussion
		3.4.1 Decipher Possible Sources of REE Anomalies
		3.4.2 REE Anomalies Linked to the 1991 Pinatubo Eruption
		3.4.3 Micro-domain Images
		3.4.4 The Connection Between Volcanism and Coral Mortality
	3.5 Conclusions
	References
4 Approach II: Highly-Sensitive Open-Cell Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) Approaches for the Quantification of Rare Earth Elements in Natural Carbonates at Parts-Per-Billion Levels
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Analytical Procedure
		4.2.1 Instrumentation
		4.2.2 Experimental Design
		4.2.3 Data Collection, Processing, and Evaluation
		4.2.4 Stalagmite Sample
	4.3 Results and Discussion
		4.3.1 Abundance Corrected Sensitivities as a Function of the Instrumental Setup
		4.3.2 Mass Load Effects
		4.3.3 Limits of Detection as a Function of the Instrumental Setup
		4.3.4 Evaluation of Accuracy and Precision
		4.3.5 Microanalytical Assessment of a Stalagmite Sample
	4.4 Conclusions
	References
5 Application II: Stalagmite-Based Micro-domain Tephra Fingerprints in East Timor Between 88 to 78 ka BP
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Environmental Settings and Sample Description
	5.3 Methods
	5.4 Trace Element Variations
		5.4.1 Rare Earth Elements (REEs)
		5.4.2 Aluminum
	5.5 Oxygen and Carbon Isotopes
	5.6 Conclusions
	References
6 Summary and Perspectives
Appendixes