Advanced 3D-printed systems and nanosystems for drug delivery and tissue engineering

Front Cover......Page 1
Advanced 3D-Printed Systems and Nanosystems for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering......Page 2
Advanced 3D-Printed Systems and Nanosystems for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Contributors......Page 10
Preface......Page 14
 1. Introduction......Page 16
  2.1 Inkjet printing......Page 17
  2.2 Orifice-free bioprinting......Page 18
  2.3 Extrusion bioprinting......Page 19
   3.1.1 Bioprinting technology......Page 20
 4. Regulatory aspects......Page 21
 5. Bioinks......Page 22
   5.1.1 Hydrogels......Page 23
     5.1.1.2.1 Physical cross-linking......Page 28
     5.1.1.2.2 Chemical cross-linking......Page 30
   5.1.2 Microcarriers......Page 31
   5.1.3 Decellularized cell matrices......Page 32
   5.2.1 Tissue spheroids......Page 35
   5.2.3 Cell pellet......Page 36
  6.1 Laponite......Page 37
  6.3 Nanotechnology-based bioink......Page 38
  7.2 Artificial ECM for skin......Page 39
  7.4 Artificial ECM for vascular......Page 40
 8. Conclusion......Page 41
 References......Page 42
 1. Introduction......Page 54
 3. Three-dimensional printing techniques......Page 56
 4. Three-dimensional printing in oral dosage form design and fabrication......Page 60
 5. Existing 3D-printed solid oral dosage forms......Page 61
 6. Advantages of 3D printing over conventional solid oral dosage forms......Page 63
 7. Applications of 3D printing......Page 64
 8. Limitations......Page 65
 9. The current context of 3D printing over conventional dosage form techniques......Page 66
 11. Recent trends in the FDA regulation......Page 67
 References......Page 68
 1. Introduction......Page 74
  2.1 Selective laser sintering......Page 75
  2.2 Stereolithography......Page 77
 3. Three-dimensional bioprinting employed for bone tissue engineering......Page 78
  3.2 Extrusion-based bioprinting......Page 80
 4. Progress in 3D-printed natural and synthetic polymeric scaffolds for bone tissue engineering......Page 81
  4.1 Natural 3D-printed scaffolds for bone tissue engineering......Page 84
  4.2 Synthetic 3D-bioprinted scaffolds......Page 85
  4.4 Synthetic polymer–based composite scaffolds......Page 86
 5. Concluding remarks and future considerations......Page 91
 References......Page 92
 1. Introduction......Page 98
  1.1 Various 3D printing techniques......Page 100
  1.3 Mechanical properties of 3D-printed scaffolds......Page 103
   1.3.2 Mechanical properties of 3D porous ceramic scaffolds......Page 104
  2.1 Metal composites......Page 105
   2.2.1 Magnesium oxide......Page 107
   2.2.3 Titanium oxide......Page 108
   2.2.4 Silicon dioxide......Page 110
   2.2.6 Iron oxide......Page 111
  2.3 Ceramic materials......Page 113
   2.3.1 Bioactive glass......Page 114
   2.3.2 Calcium phosphates......Page 115
   2.3.3 Calcium silicates......Page 116
 References......Page 117
 1. Introduction......Page 124
  2.1 Wound healing......Page 126
  2.2 Bioresponsive implants......Page 128
  2.3 Drug delivery......Page 129
  2.4 3D bioprinting......Page 130
  3.2 Cellulose nanocrystals......Page 131
  4.1 Alginate–cellulose composites......Page 135
  4.2 Lignocellulosic composites......Page 136
  4.3 Gelatine–cellulose composites......Page 137
  4.4 Chitosan–cellulose composites......Page 138
 5. Cell-laden cellulose–composite bioinks for 3D printing......Page 139
 6. Future cellulose derivatives with bioink potential and industrial applicability......Page 141
 References......Page 143
 1. A definition of 4D printing: time as the fourth dimension......Page 154
 2. Intelligent materials for 4D printing......Page 155
  2.1 Thermoresponsive materials for 4D printing......Page 156
  2.2 Moisture-responsive materials for 4D printing......Page 157
  2.3 Photoresponsive materials for 4D printing......Page 160
  2.4 Electroresponsive materials for 4D printing......Page 161
 3. Emerging 4D printing technologies and their application in drug delivery and tissue engineering......Page 162
 4. Conclusion and future perspectives......Page 169
 References......Page 170
 1. Biology of the skin......Page 174
  2.1 Four-phases concept: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling......Page 177
 3. Modeling of the wound healing process......Page 179
  4.1 Hyperbaric oxygen therapy......Page 181
  4.4 Wound dressings......Page 182
 5. Commercial skin substitutes......Page 183
  7.1 Influence of scaffold physicochemical parameters: porosity, mechanical properties, surface properties......Page 187
   7.1.1 Pore size and porosity......Page 191
   7.1.2 Mechanical properties......Page 192
   7.1.3 Surface properties: hydrophilicity, charge, topography, and chemistry......Page 193
  7.2 Two-dimensional vs three-dimensional scaffolds......Page 194
  7.3 Multiscalar cell–materials interactions......Page 195
  8.1 Metallic nanomaterial combinations (Ag, Au, Cu) reduce inflammation......Page 196
  8.2 Ceramic nanomaterial combinations (bioglass, silica, clay) reduce inflammation......Page 197
  8.3 Carbon-based composites (carbon nanotubes, graphene) enhance antibacterial efficacy......Page 198
  8.4 Biomimicking scaffolds: recapitulating the native skin architecture enhances cell proliferation......Page 199
  8.5 Combining natural and synthetic polymers accelerates cell proliferation......Page 200
  8.6 Natural polymer combination increases cell proliferation......Page 202
  9.1 Small molecules: antibiotics, antioxidants, and antiinflammatory agents......Page 203
  9.2 Growth factors......Page 204
  9.3 Cell therapy......Page 207
  9.4 Gene therapy......Page 209
  10.1 Scar formation vs tissue regeneration......Page 210
  10.2 Cell–material interaction......Page 214
  10.3 Bench to bedside......Page 215
 Abbreviations......Page 217
 References......Page 218
 1. Introduction......Page 234
  2.2 Active targeting......Page 237
  2.3 Targeting cancer cells......Page 238
  3.1 Nanocarriers in cancer therapy......Page 239
   3.1.1 Polymeric nanoparticles......Page 240
   3.1.2 Dendrimers......Page 241
   3.1.3 Liposomes......Page 242
   3.1.4 Nanotubes......Page 243
   3.1.6 Gold nanoparticles......Page 244
  3.2 Nanocarriers for diagnosis of cancer......Page 245
   3.2.1 The epidermal growth factor receptor......Page 246
   3.2.3 Integrins......Page 247
   3.2.4 Folic acid......Page 248
  3.3 Concept of theranostic nanocarriers......Page 249
   3.3.1 Iron oxide nanoparticle-based theranostic agents......Page 250
 4. Current status of nanomedicines......Page 252
    4.1.1.1 Liposomal nanoparticles......Page 253
    4.1.1.2 Polymeric nanoparticles......Page 254
    4.1.1.4 Inorganic nanoparticles......Page 255
  5.1 Safety issues......Page 256
  5.3 Cost–benefit considerations......Page 257
 6. Future perspective......Page 258
 7. Conclusion......Page 259
 References......Page 260
  1.1 Nanotechnology/nanomedicine......Page 270
 2. Tissue-engineering and regeneration in ophthalmology......Page 271
 3. Ocular regeneration in frogs for comparison......Page 273
 4. Nanosystems of additive and arrestive tissue engineering......Page 274
  4.1 Additive therapy for ocular conditions......Page 275
  5.1 Pluripotent stem cells for TE in retina......Page 276
  6.1 Corneal regeneration after implantation of biomimetic replacement......Page 278
  6.2 Nanotechnology in regenerative medicine—corneal reconstruction......Page 279
  6.3 Peptide amphiphiles used in corneal tissue engineering......Page 280
 7. Nanotechnology-based systems and therapeutic approaches for treating ocular disorders......Page 283
 8. Nanomaterial and therapeutic applications for ocular regeneration......Page 284
  8.1 Nanoceria in a rat photoreceptor degeneration model......Page 285
 9. Effects of nanomedicine on retinal dysfunction, blindness, and ocular treatment......Page 286
 References......Page 288
 1. Introduction......Page 292
  2.1 Lipid-based nanoparticles......Page 293
   2.1.2 Nanoliposomes......Page 294
   2.1.3 Nanoemulsions......Page 295
   2.1.4 Nanocapsules......Page 296
   2.2.2 Polymeric micelles......Page 297
   2.2.3 Dendrimers......Page 298
  3.1 Neural stem cells and neural differentiation in vitro......Page 299
    3.2.1.2 Synthetic polymer hydrogels......Page 302
   3.2.2 Fibrous scaffolds......Page 303
   3.2.5 Microfluidic devices......Page 304
 References......Page 305
 B......Page 308
 C......Page 309
 E......Page 310
 I......Page 311
 M......Page 312
 N......Page 313
 P......Page 314
 S......Page 315
 T......Page 316
 Z......Page 317
Back Cover......Page 318