Additive Manufacturing of Bio-implants: Design and Synthesis (Biomedical Materials for Multi-functional Applications)

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1 Challenges in Additive Manufacturing: Influence of Process Parameters on Induced Physical Properties of Printed Parts
	1 Introduction
	2 Uses of AM in the Biomedical Sector
	3 Addressing Manufacturing Defects Using AM
	4 Influence of Process Parameters on the External Morphology of Deposited Beads
	5 Influence of Process Parameters on the Formed Microstructure
	6 Influence of Process Parameters on Macrostructure and the Occurrence of Defects
	7 Conclusion
	References
2 Additive Manufacturing Incorporated Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs); Advances in Biomedical Domain
	1 Introduction
	2 Additive Manufacturing (AM) and Its Unique Characteristics
	3 Nanomaterial-Integrated Additive Manufacturing
		3.1 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
	4 CNTs Incorporated Various AM Techniques
	5 Conclusion
	References
3 Formation, Testing, and Deposition of Bioactive Material Using Thermal Spray Additive Manufacturing Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Forming Bioactive Powder
		2.2 Testing of Bioactive Powder
		2.3 Deposition of Bioactive Material
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of Input HVOF Parameters on Microhardness (VHN)
		3.2 Optimization of HVOF Parameters and Validation
	4 Conclusions
	References
4 Controlled Oxide Deposition Improves Mechanical and Biomedical Applications of Titanium Alloy
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Pretreatment
		2.2 Anodic Oxidation
	3 Characterization
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Aesthetical Appearance of the Anodized Sample
		4.2 Surface Morphology and Phase Examination
		4.3 Surface Hardness Evaluation
		4.4 Biocompatible Behavior
	5 Conclusions
	References
5 Instrumentation and Monitoring of Additive Manufacturing Processes for the Biomedical Applications
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Biocompatibility
		1.2 Mechanical Properties
		1.3 Porosity
		1.4 Surface Finish
		1.5 Corrosion and Wear Resistance
	2 Common AM Parts’ Defects in the Biomedical Field and Relation to Process Parameters
		2.1 Pores
		2.2 Cracks
		2.3 Surface Roughness
		2.4 Residual Stresses
		2.5 Geometrical Defects
		2.6 Microstructure and Anisotropic Mechanical Properties
	3 Needs for Process Instrumentation and Monitoring
		3.1 Temperature Measurements
		3.2 Geometrical Measurements and Visual Inspection
		3.3 Other Quantities
	4 Multi-sensor Approach for AM Process Monitoring
	5 Conclusions and Perspectives
	References
6 A Concise Study on Tribological Properties of Additive Manufactured Biomaterials
	1 Introduction
	2 Tribology in Joint Replacement of Humans
	3 Tribological Characteristics of Additively Manufactured Biomaterials
		3.1 Stainless Steel
		3.2 Titanium and Its Alloys
		3.3 Co–Cr and Its Alloys
		3.4 Magnesium and Its Alloys
		3.5 Ceramic and Amorphous Alloy
	4 Conclusions
	References
7 Role and Scope of OEE to Improve Additive Manufacturing Processes in Biomedical Industries
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) Paradigm
		2.2 Additive Manufacturing (AM) Paradigm
		2.3 Findings of the Literature
	3 Conclusion
	References
8 Corrosion Performance of Additively Manufactured Metallic Biomaterials: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Magnesium Alloys
		2.2 Titanium Alloys
		2.3 Stainless Steel Alloys
	3 Conclusions
	References
9 Emerging Functionally Graded Materials for Bio-implant Applications—Design and Manufacturing
	1 Introduction
	2 Biomaterials
	3 Classification of FGMs
	4 Design of Functionally Graded Porous Scaffolds
	5 Fabrication of FGMs
	6 Properties of a Bio-Implant Material
		6.1 Physical and Mechanical Properties
		6.2 Chemical and Elemental Properties
		6.3 Surface Properties
	7 Biocompatibility
	References
10 Biomechanical Evaluation of Load Transfer and Stability in a Corrugated Hip Stem: A Comparative Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Geometrical Modeling
		2.2 Finite Element (FE) Modeling
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Mesh Convergence Results
		3.2 Impact of Intact Analysis
		3.3 Impact of Bonded Interface Implant Bone Model
		3.4 Displacement Analysis of Implant Bone Model
	4 Conclusions
	References
11 Applications of 3D Printing in Medical, Engineering, Agricultural, and Other Sectors
	1 Introduction
	2 Traditional Manufacturing vs Digital Manufacturing
		2.1 Traditional Manufacturing
		2.2 Digital Manufacturing
		2.3 Digital Fabrication
	3 Additive Manufacturing
		3.1 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
		3.2 Stereolithography and Digital Light Processing
		3.3 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
	4 Advancements of 3D Printing: 4D Printing
	5 Applications of 3D Printing
		5.1 3D Printing Applications in Medical Field
		5.2 3D Printing in Medical Field During COVID
		5.3 Dental Applications of 3D Printing
		5.4 3D Printing Applications in Prosthesis
		5.5 3D Printing Applications in Agriculture Industries
		5.6 3D Printing Applications in the Architecture Field
		5.7 3D Printing Applications in Aerospace Industries
		5.8 3D Printing Applications in Film Industry
	6 Conclusions
	References