Active System Control: Design of System Resilience, Second Edition

Preface: Active System Control What It Is and Why …
	References
Acknowledgements
Contents
1 Aviation: Introduction of Active System Control
	Introduction
	References
2 Classification of Aviation
	Classification of Aircraft by Mission
	Classification by Type of Aircraft or Method of Operation
	Classification by Technical Specifications
	Classification by State of Development
	Conclusion for the Section
3 The Aviation Safety
	Introduction
		General Aviation
		Other Features of General Aviation
	On Aircraft Market in General
	Safety and Risk of Flight
		Short Comment on Aviation Safety in Commercial Aviation
		Main Risk Agents and Their Contribution
		Risk Factors and Flight Phases
		Flight Risk Analysis
	Conclusion for Flight Risk Analysis
		Safety Management Scheme
		Insurance, Regulation and Aviation Safety
		Flight Safety and Safety Control Cycles in Aviation
		Constraints and Failures of Safety Management
	Conclusions on Aviation Safety and Risk of Flight
	References
4 Aircraft Flight Reliability, Risk, Latency
	Introduction
	An Operational Reliability Model for Aircraft
		Reliability Model of a Flight
		Operational Reliability Model: Some Equations
		Developments in Modern Aviation and Safety
		Developments in Risk Analysis and Assumptions
		Latency of Fault and Safety Monitoring
		The Safety Maintenance Landscape: Commercial Aviation
		Flight Safety Versus Risk and Statistics: Flight Data Paradox
		Risk and Statistics Models
	Conclusion for the Chapter
	References
5 Active System Control: Reasoning, Theory
	Introduction
	Active System Control Overview
	Implementing PASC
	Principle of Active System Control
	Definitions of PASC
	PASC and Elements of Redundancy Theory
	The PASC Algorithm in More Detail
	PASC: Dependability and Fault Tolerance
	Improving the Control and Safety
	A Generalised Information Model for Active System Control
	On Coverage
	Conclusion
	References
6 Principle Active System Control: Implementation Aspects
	Introduction
	Implementation of PASC in the Medium
	PASC for GA—The Cycle of Operational Management
	Process-Oriented Informational Model
		The Object
		Flight Data
		Flight Data for Trial of PASC
		Flight Modes
		Take-Off
		Cruise
		Landing
	Models of Elements
		Artificial Intelligence Models
		Statistical Learning Model
		Statistical Models
		Functional Models
		Threshold Functions
	Model of Aircraft Using Models of Element
	Predicates, Dependency and Recovery Matrix
	Dependency Matrix
	Probabilistic Matrix
	The Recovery Matrix
	Reverse Tracing
	Matrix Data for the PASC Trial
		Dependency Matrix
	The Algorithm for PASC: APASC
	Main APASC Functions
	How APASC Works
	Termination Conditions for APASC On-Board
	Probability Along the Path
	Algorithm of Backward Tracing (Recovery)
	Implementation of APASC During Flight
	Conclusion
	References
7 Active System Control Impact on Mission Reliability
	Reasoning
	Preventive and Conditional Maintenance Versus Active System Control—A Semantic Difference
	Reliability Gains: Conditional Maintenance Versus Active System Control
	Preventive Maintenance with Implementation of Active System Control
	The Real-Time Reliability Corridor—Introduction and Definitions
	Defining the Frequency of the Checking Process
	Avoiding R0 Being Breached When a Delay Occurs
	Conditional Maintenance Versus Active System Control
	Summary and Conclusions
	References
8 Flight Mode: Concept and Realisation
	Introduction
	The Goals and Objectives of the Chapter
	The Implementation Objectives of the Chapter
	The Flight Mode Model
		The Flight Mode Definitions
	The Flight Mode Detection Algorithms
	Visualisation of Flight Mode
		Presentation of Advice to the Flight Crew
		Information Processing of Flight Data Including Flight Mode
	Flight Mode Detector
		Real Time Diagnosis and Prognosis
		Determination of Response
		Configurability of System
	A Trial Architecture for Flight Mode Detection
		The Avionics System—System Block Diagram
		Flight Data Memory
		Software Architecture and Partitioning
		Using Flight Modes to Tune Flight Performance and Safety
	Conclusions and Further Steps
		Further Steps
	Annex—Flight Mode Model—XML Specification
	References
9 Active System Control: Realisation
	Introduction: Active System Control: Safety Aspects
	Objectives of the Chapter
	The Active System Control for Safety: Theoretical Model
		The Fault Detection and Handling: Algorithms and Procedures
	The Theory—Based on Applied Graph Logic
		Graphic Logic Model—Logic Operators
	The Modelling of Fault and Fault Detection
		The Localization (Search) of Faults
		Recovery Matrix
	The Algorithms of Fault Localisation
	The Application Example: Air-Pressure System
	Modelling and Handling of Faults—A More Realistic Example
	Localisation Procedure
		Features
		Localisation Procedure: A Simple Case
	Summary and Conclusion
	References
10 Active System Control: Software Languages
	Setting the Scene
	Elaboration
	Languages Java
	Critics Against Java
	Languages: Juice
	Oberon Versus Java
	Juice Outperforms Java
	Juice Compressed Tree Code Versus Java Bytecode
	Formats
	Juice’s Enhanced Security for Safety Critical Applications
	Aircraft Emergency Landing
	Integration of Ground and On-Board Air Traffic Control Systems
	But It Is Not All Over, Yet: ASC Implementation Aspect
	Oberon-07 as the Single Development Tool
	System Software for ERRIC: The Stack of Development Tools
	Low Level: The Assembly Language
	System Level: The ERRIC Language
	Support for Direct Access to Some Hardware Components
	Application Level: The COMPOSITA Language
	Summary
	References
11 Active System Control: Future
	Introduction
	Classification of Aircrafts—Reiterated
	What Else Active System Control Can Do?
	Active System Control—Life Cycle of Design and Manufacturing
	Active System Control—Life Cycle of Aircraft Application
	Active System Control—Risk Information Paradox: RIP?
	Active System Control in Almost One Page, “During” and “After”
	Active System Control Dependency Matrixes: Who Is Doing What
	An Impact of Prognostic on Active System Control
	Embedding Active System Control into Aircraft
	Software Organisation of Active System Control
	Active System Control Essential Device: Active Black Box
	Summary and Conclusion
	References
12 Active System Control: Still WIP
	Missing MH370 Meeting at Eurocontrol 18-19.09.19
	Facts I Gained from This Presentation
	Questions, Reflections, and Next Steps Necessary
	Questions, Reflections, and Next Steps Necessary—Theory
	P3 and P4
	P5 Boeing Did not Provide Information Requested
	Point 6—Military Did not Provide Info, Having Something
	P7 the Whole Story Impact
	Points P9, P10 to Address
	Further Theoretical Question
	References