Acquired Brain Injury: Clinical Essentials for Neurotrauma and Rehabilitation Professionals

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Title
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Share Acquired Brain Injury: Clinical Essentials for Neurotrauma and Rehabilitation Professionals
Chapter 1: Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Overview
	Overview
	History
	Pathophysiology
	Etiology
	Epidemiology
	Clinical Presentation
	Diagnostic Considerations
	Treatment
	Prognosis
	Clinical Synopsis
	Case Study
	References
Chapter 2: Moderate to Severe Brain Injury
	Overview
	History
	Pathophysiology
		Primary Injury
		Secondary Injury
		Chronic Complications of TBI
	Etiology
	Epidemiology
	Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Considerations
		Severity of Injury
		Typical Cognitive Deficits
		Physical and Emotional Symptoms
		Course of Recovery
		Complication Factors in Recovery
	Treatment
		Rehabilitation Therapy
		Pharmacotherapy
		Psychotherapy and Neurobehavioral Interventions
	Prognosis
	Clinical Synopsis
	Case Study
	References
Chapter 3: Cerebrovascular Injuries
	Overview
	History
	Pathophysiology
	Etiology
		Heart
		Blood Vessels
		Blood
	Epidemiology
	Clinical Presentation
	Diagnostic Considerations
	Treatment
		Acute Stroke Management
	Prognosis
	Clinical Synopsis
	Case Study
	Acknowledgment
	References
Chapter 4: Brain Tumors
	Overview
		Location
		Type of Tissue Involved
		Benign Versus Malignant
		Other Tumors
	History
	Pathophysiology
	Etiology
	Epidemiology
	Clinical Presentation
	Diagnostic Considerations
	Treatment
	Prognosis
	Clinical Synopsis
	Case Study
	References
Chapter 5: Neuroinfection
	Overview
	History
	Pathophysiology
		Encephalitis
		Meningitis
		Human Immunodeficiency Virus
	Etiology
		Encephalitis
		Meningitis
		Human Immunodeficiency Virus
	Epidemiology
		Encephalitis
		Meningitis
		Human Immunodeficiency Virus
	Clinical Presentation
		Encephalitis
		Meningitis
		Human Immunodeficiency Virus
	Diagnostic Considerations
		Encephalitis
		Meningitis
		Human Immunodeficiency Virus
	Treatment
		Encephalitis
		Meningitis
		Human Immunodeficiency Virus
	Prognosis
		Encephalitis
		Meningitis
		Human Immunodeficiency Virus
	Clinical Synopsis
		Overview
		Etiology
		Symptoms
		Diagnosis and Treatment
	Case Study
	References
Chapter 6: Neurotoxic and Metabolic Injuries
	Overview
		Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy
		Uremic Encephalopathy
		Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease
		Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
		Organophosphates and Pesticides
		Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
		Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy
		Lead Poisoning
	History
		Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy
		Uremic Encephalopathy
		Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease
		Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
		Organophosphates and Pesticides
		Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
		Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy
		Lead Poisoning
	Pathophysiology
		Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy
		Uremic Encephalopathy
		Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease
		Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
		Organophosphates and Pesticides
		Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
		Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy
		Lead Poisoning
	Etiology
		Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy
		Uremic Encephalopathy
		Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease
		Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
		Organophosphates and Pesticides
		Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
		Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy
		Lead Poisoning
	Epidemiology
		Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy
		Uremic Encephalopathy
		Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease
		Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
		Organophosphates and Pesticides
		Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
		Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy
		Lead Poisoning
	Clinical Presentation
		Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy
		Uremic Encephalopathy
		Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease
		Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
		Organophosphates and Pesticides
		Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
		Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy
		Lead Poisoning
	Diagnostic Considerations
		Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy
		Uremic Encephalopathy
		Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease
		Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
		Organophosphates and Pesticides
		Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
		Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy
		Lead Poisoning
	Treatment
		Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy
		Uremic Encephalopathy
		Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease
		Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
		Organophosphates and Pesticides
		Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
		Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy
		Lead Poisoning
	Prognosis
		Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy
		Uremic Encephalopathy
		Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease
		Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
		Organophosphates and Pesticides
		Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
		Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy
		Lead Poisoning
	Clinical Synopsis
		Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy
		Uremic Encephalopathy
		Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease
		Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
		Organophosphates and Pesticides
		Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
		Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy
		Lead Poisoning
	Acknowledgment
	References
Chapter 7: Hypoxia/Anoxia
	Overview
	History
	Pathophysiology
	Etiology
	Epidemiology
	Clinical Presentation
	Diagnostic Considerations
	Treatment
	Prognosis
	Clinical Synopsis
	Case Study
	References
Chapter 8: Electrical and Lightning Brain Injuries
	Overview
	History
	Pathophysiology
		Type of Current
		Voltage
		Resistance
		Path of Current Flow
	Etiology
	Epidemiology
	Clinical Presentation
		Physical
		Neurological
		Cognitive and Emotional Disturbances
	Diagnostic Considerations
		Laboratory Tests
		Neurodiagnostic Imaging
		Neuropsychological Assessment
	Treatment
	Prognosis
	Clinical Synopsis
		Burns
		Musculoskeletal
		Ocular, Auditory, and Cardiac Complications
		Neurological
		Cognitive and Emotional Disturbances
	Case Studies
		Lightning Injury
		Electrical Injury
	References
Chapter 9: Acquired Brain Injury Secondary to Substance Use Disorder
	Overview
	History
	Pathophysiology
		Alcohol
		Inhalants
		Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics
		Stimulants
	Etiology
	Epidemiology
	Clinical Presentation
		Alcohol
		Inhalants
		Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics
		Stimulants
	Diagnostic Considerations
	Treatment
	Prognosis
	Clinical Synopsis
	Case Study
		Treatment
	References
Chapter 10: Post–Acquired Brain Injury Headaches
	Overview
	History
	Pathophysiology
	Etiology
		Traumatic Brain Injury
		Cerebrovascular Disease
		Meningoencephalitis/Encephalitis
	Epidemiology
	Clinical Presentation
	Diagnostic Considerations
		Traumatic Brain Injury
		Cerebrovascular Disease
		Meningoencephalitis/Encephalitis
	Treatment
		Pharmacologic Interventions
		Nonpharmacologic Interventions
		Lifestyle Modifications
		Addressing Comorbidity
	Prognosis
	Clinical Synopsis
	Case Study
	References
Chapter 11: Post–Acquired Brain Injury Epilepsy
	Overview
	Introduction
	Etiology and Epidemiology
		Posttraumatic Epilepsy
	Pathophysiology
	Poststroke Epilepsy
		Tumor-Associated Epilepsy
		Postinfectious Epilepsy
	Clinical Presentation
	Diagnostic Considerations
	Treatment
	Prognosis
	Clinical Synopsis
	Case Study
	References
Chapter 12: Post–Acquired Brain Injury Movement Disorders
	Overview
	History
	Pathophysiology
	Etiology
	Epidemiology
	Clinical Presentation
	Diagnostic Considerations
	Treatment
		Tremor
		Posttraumatic Dystonia
		Posttraumatic Parkinsonism
		Posttraumatic Hyperkinesias
		Posttraumatic Tics
	Prognosis
	Clinical Synopsis
	Case Study
	References
Chapter 13: Acquired Brain Injury in Children
	Overview
	History
	Pathophysiology
	Etiology
	Epidemiology
	Clinical Presentation
		History
		Physical Examination
	Diagnostic Considerations
		Neuropsychological Testing
		Imaging
	Treatment
		Return to School
		Return to Play
		Medications
	Prognosis
	Clinical Synopsis
	Case Study
	References
Chapter 14: Acquired Brain Injury in the Elderly
	Overview
	History
	Pathophysiology
	Etiology
	Epidemiology
	Clinical Presentation
	Diagnostic Considerations
	Treatment
	Prognosis
	Clinical Synopsis
	Case Study
	References
Chapter 15: Psychosocial Characteristics of Acquired Brain Injury
	Overview
	History
	Pathophysiology/Etiology
	Epidemiology
	Clinical Presentation/Diagnostic Considerations
		Personality Changes
		Depression
		Anxiety
		Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
		Communication Disorders
	Treatment
		Psychosocial Interventions
		Somatopsychology
		Stage Models
		Ecological Models
	Prognosis
	Clinical Synopsis
	Case Study
	References
Chapter 16: Acquired Brain Injury Rehabilitation: Clinical Essentials
	Neurorehabilitation
		Brain Injury
		Recovery and Neuroplasticity
		Comprehensive Neurorehabilitation/Transdisciplinary Team
		Physical and Cognitive Rehabilitation
		Psychosocial Rehabilitation
		Guiding Principles for Rehabilitation
	Modalities
		Traditional Approaches
		Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)
		Mirror Therapy
		Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT)
		Locomotor Training
		Virtual Reality
		Robotics in Rehabilitation
		Brain–Computer Interfaces
	Medication Management
	Rehabilitation Settings
		Early Acute Care Rehabilitation
		Post–Acute Rehabilitation
	Community (RE)Integration
		Preparation
		Challenges of Return to Home
		Goals for Community Reintegration
	Select Rehabilitation Topics
		Coma
		Vegetative State or Unresponsive Wakefulness
		Minimally Conscious State
		Emergence
		Behavioral Assessment for Disorders of Consciousness
		Disorders of Consciousness Rehabilitation
	References
Chapter 17: Feigning Issues in Brain Injury
	Overview
	History
	Pathophysiology/Etiology
	Epidemiology
	Clinical Presentation
	Diagnostic Considerations
	Treatment/Prognosis
	Clinical Synopsis
	Case Study
	References
Index