Acoustics: Sound Fields, Transducers and Vibration

Cover
Cover Details
Acoustics: Sound Fields, Transducers and Vibration
Copyright
Preface to the second edition
Preface to the first edition
Acknowledgments
One. Introduction and terminology
	Part I: Introduction
	1.1 A little history
	1.2 What is sound?
	1.3 Propagation of sound through gas
	1.4 Measurable aspects of sound
	Part II: Terminology
	1.5 General
		Acoustic
		Acoustical
		Imaginary unit
		Harmonically varying quantity
		Instantaneous value
		Root mean square value
	1.6 Standard International (SI) units
	1.7 Pressure and density
		Static pressure (P0)
		Microbar (μbar)
		Instantaneous sound pressure [p(t)]
		Effective sound pressure (prms)
		Density of air (ρ0)
	1.8 Speed and velocity
		Speed of sound (c)
		Instantaneous particle velocity (particle velocity) [u(t)]
		Effective particle velocity (urms)
		Instantaneous volume velocity [U(t)]
	1.9 Impedance
		Acoustic impedance (ZA) (American standard acoustic impedance)
		Specific acoustic impedance (Zs)
		Mechanical impedance (ZM)
		Characteristic impedance (ρ0c)
	1.10 Intensity, energy density, and levels
		Sound intensity (I)
		Sound energy density (D)
		Electric power level or acoustic intensity level
		Sound pressure level
		Intensity level (IL)
		Acoustic power level (PWL)
		Sound level
		Band power level (PWLn)
		Band pressure level (BPLn)
		Power spectrum level
		Pressure spectrum level
	Notes
Two. The wave equation and solutions
	Part III: The wave equation
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Derivation of the wave equation
		2.2.1 The equation of motion
		2.2.2 The gas law
		2.2.3 The continuity equation
		2.2.4 The wave equation in rectangular coordinates
		2.2.5 The wave equation in cylindrical coordinates
		2.2.6 The wave equation in spherical coordinates
		2.2.7 General one-dimensional wave equation (Webster's equation) [6]
	Part IV: Solutions of the wave equation in one dimension
	2.3 General solutions of the one-dimensional wave equation
		2.3.1 General solution
		2.3.2 Steady-state solution
	2.4 Solution of wave equation for air in a tube terminated by an impedance
		Particle velocity
		Transmitted and reflected pressures
		Impedance
		Impedance measurement
		Rigid termination (infinite impedance)
		Sound pressure
		Specific acoustic impedance
	2.5 Impedance of a closed tube using the inhomogeneous wave equation
		Boundary conditions
		Solution of the inhomogeneous wave equation for a closed tube
		Impedance of the closed tube
		Expansions for cot and csc
	2.6 Impedance of an open tube using the inhomogeneous wave equation
		Solution of the inhomogeneous wave equation for an open tube
		Impedance of the open tube
		Expansion for tan
	2.7 Solution of wave equation for air in a tube filled with absorbent material
	2.8 Freely traveling plane wave
		Sound pressure
		Particle velocity
		Specific acoustic impedance
	2.9 Freely traveling cylindrical wave
		Sound pressure
		Particle velocity
		Specific acoustic impedance
	2.10 Freely traveling spherical wave
		Sound pressure
		Particle velocity
		Specific acoustic impedance
	Part V: Solutions of the Helmholtz wave equation in three dimensions
	2.11 Rectangular coordinates
		The plane wave equation in x
		The plane wave equation in y
		The plane wave equation in z
	2.12 Cylindrical coordinates
		The radial equation in w
		The azimuthal equation in φ
		The axial equation in z
	2.13 Spherical coordinates
		The radial equation in r
		The inclination equation in θ
		The azimuth equation in φ
	Notes
Three. Electromechanoacoustical circuits
	Part VI: Mechanical circuits
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Physical and mathematical meanings of circuit elements
	3.3 Mechanical elements
		Mechanical impedance ZM and mechanical admittance YM
		Mass MM
		Mechanical compliance CM
		Mechanical resistance RM and mechanical conductance GM
		Mechanical generators
		Levers
			Simple lever
			Floating lever
	Part VII: Acoustical circuits
	3.4 Acoustical elements
		Acoustic mass MA
		Acoustic compliance CA
		Acoustic resistance RA and acoustic conductance GA
		Acoustic generators
		Mechanical rotational systems
	Part VIII: Transducers
	3.5 Electromechanical transducers
		Electromagnetic-mechanical transducer
		Electrostatic-mechanical transducer
	3.6 Mechanoacoustic transducer
	3.7 Examples of transducer calculations
	Part IX: Circuit theorems, energy, and power
	3.8 Conversion from admittance-type analogies to impedance-type analogies
	3.9 Thévenin's theorem
	3.10 Transducer impedances
		Transmission matrix for an electrical two-port network
		Transmission matrix for an electromagnetic-mechanical transducer
		Impedance matrix for an electromagnetic-mechanical transducer
		Transmission matrix for an electrostatic-mechanical transducer
		Impedance matrix for an electrostatic-mechanical transducer
		Analogous circuits for the two-port network using z-parameters [12]
	Notes
Four. Acoustic components
	4.1 Introduction
	Part X: Acoustic elements
	4.2 Acoustic mass (inertance)
		Tube of medium diameter
	4.3 Acoustic compliances
		Limitations on an acoustic compliance
		Series acoustic compliance
	4.4 Acoustic resistances
		Tube of small diameter [0.005