Accident/incident prevention techniques

Cover......Page 1
ACCIDENT/INCIDENT PREVENTION TECHNIQUES......Page 4
DEDICATIONS......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 8
PREFACE......Page 20
CONTRIBUTIONS......Page 21
ABOUT THE AUTHOR......Page 22
CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION......Page 24
WHY INJURY PREVENTION?......Page 25
ACCIDENTS OR INCIDENTS......Page 26
ACCIDENT PREVENTION......Page 27
PREVENTING OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS/INCIDENTS......Page 28
HOW MUCH PREVENTION?......Page 29
KNOW WHO YOU ARE DEALING WITH......Page 31
REFERENCES......Page 32
CHAPTER TWO  SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAMS......Page 34
REASONS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE SAFETY PROGRAM......Page 36
BUILDING A SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM......Page 37
Management Commitment and Employee Involvement......Page 38
Hazard Identification and Assessment......Page 40
Hazard Prevention and Control......Page 41
Information and Training......Page 42
Multi-employer Workplaces......Page 43
Components of a Safety and Health Program......Page 44
Evaluative Questions Regarding Safety and Health Program......Page 45
Employee Interviews......Page 48
Goal and Objectives for Worker Safety and Health......Page 49
Adequate Authority and Resources......Page 50
Comprehensive Surveys, Change Analyses, Routine Hazard Analyses......Page 51
Accident and Near-Miss Investigations......Page 52
Appropriate Use of Engineering Controls, Work Practices, Personal Protective Equipment, and Administrative Controls......Page 53
Ensuring that All Employees Understand Hazards......Page 54
SUMMARY......Page 55
REFERENCES......Page 56
CHAPTER THREE  ACCIDENT/INCIDENT INVESTIGATION......Page 58
ACCIDENT PREVENTION......Page 59
REPORTING ACCIDENTS......Page 61
SUPERVISORS AND ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION......Page 62
INVESTIGATIONS BENEFIT THE SUPERVISOR......Page 63
PREPLANNING AN ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION......Page 64
INVESTIGATION PROCESS......Page 65
Visit the Site......Page 68
Interviewer......Page 71
Accurate Interviews......Page 73
Evaluating the Witness’s State......Page 74
Summarizing the Interviewing Process......Page 75
FINAL REPORT OF INVESTIGATION......Page 76
FOLLOW-UP......Page 78
REFERENCES......Page 79
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION......Page 80
WORKSITE HAZARD ANALYSIS......Page 82
WORKSITE HAZARD IDENTIFICATION......Page 84
Job Safety Assessment......Page 85
Accident Reporting......Page 86
Incident Reporting Procedures......Page 87
REFERENCES......Page 88
CHAPTER FIVE  ACCOUNTABILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY......Page 90
THE SAFETY AND HEALTH PROFESSIONAL......Page 91
THE LINE SUPERVISOR......Page 92
THE WORKER......Page 94
REFERENCES......Page 95
PLANNING THE MOTIVATIONAL APPROACH......Page 96
SUPERVISORS......Page 98
SELF-MOTIVATED WORKERS......Page 99
CHANGING BEHAVIOR......Page 100
FACTORS AFFECTING MOTIVATION......Page 101
NONFINANCIAL INCENTIVES......Page 104
SUMMARY......Page 105
REFERENCES......Page 107
CHAPTER SEVEN  ACCIDENT/INCIDENT ANALYSIS......Page 108
Indirect Causes......Page 109
Basic Causes......Page 110
Cause Breakdown Review......Page 113
REFERENCES......Page 114
CHAPTER EIGHT  ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS......Page 116
PHASE I—DATA COLLECTION......Page 117
Identify the Causes......Page 119
ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS METHODS......Page 120
PHASE III—CORRECTIVE ACTIONS......Page 124
PHASE IV—INFORM......Page 126
REFERENCES......Page 127
DEFINITION......Page 128
Root (Basic) Causes......Page 129
Events......Page 130
Charting Symbols......Page 131
CAUSAL FACTOR WORKSHEETS......Page 133
REFERENCES......Page 134
CHAPTER TEN  CHANGE ANALYSIS......Page 136
REFERENCES......Page 142
CHAPTER ELEVEN  BARRIER ANALYSIS......Page 144
PHYSICAL BARRIER ANALYSIS......Page 147
Explanation of PBA......Page 148
HUMAN BARRIER ANALYSIS......Page 150
Information......Page 152
Capacity......Page 153
Incentive......Page 154
Doing the Human Barrier Analysis......Page 155
WRAP-UP OF PRELIMINARY DATA ANALYSIS......Page 160
INTERPRETATION OF PBA AND HBA......Page 161
REFERENCES......Page 162
CHAPTER TWELVE  JOB SAFETY/HAZARD ANALYSIS......Page 164
Judgment and Experience......Page 165
SEPARATING THE JOB INTO ITS BASIC STEPS......Page 166
SEQUENCE OF BASIC JOB STEPS......Page 167
Struck-By Type of Accidents......Page 168
Fall-Same-Level and Fall-to-Below types of Accidents......Page 169
CHANGE JOB PROCEDURES......Page 170
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT......Page 171
SUMMARY......Page 172
REFERENCES......Page 177
CHAPTER THIRTEEN  SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOPs)......Page 178
COMPONENTS OF A SOP......Page 180
GUIDELINES FOR WRITING AN SOP......Page 188
HOW SOPs WORK......Page 189
SUMMARY......Page 190
REFERENCES......Page 191
CHAPTER FOURTEEN  JOB SAFETY OBSERVATION......Page 192
Planned Safety Observations......Page 193
Experienced Employees......Page 195
PREPARING FOR A PLANNED SAFETY OBSERVATION......Page 196
CHECKLIST OF ACTIVITIES TO OBSERVE......Page 198
THE OBSERVATION......Page 200
DEALING WITH UNSAFE BEHAVIORS OR POOR PERFORMANCE......Page 201
REFERENCES......Page 204
CHAPTER FIFTEEN  SAFETY AND HEALTH AUDITS......Page 206
NEED FOR AN AUDIT......Page 207
WHAT TO AUDIT......Page 208
TYPES OF AUDIT INSTRUMENTS......Page 209
REFERENCES......Page 218
CHAPTER SIXTEEN  FLEET SAFETY PROGRAM......Page 220
VEHICLE/EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE......Page 221
RECORDS TO MAINTAIN......Page 222
OPERATOR RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION......Page 223
OPERATOR TRAINING......Page 224
PRE-OPERATION INSPECTION......Page 225
DRIVING TASKS......Page 226
PREVENTING ACCIDENTS......Page 228
REFERENCES......Page 229
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN  PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PROGRAMS......Page 230
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE......Page 231
OPERATORS’ INSPECTIONS......Page 233
Trailer Hitch Safety......Page 234
Load Safety......Page 235
MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY......Page 236
REFERENCES......Page 237
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN  SPECIAL EMPHASIS PROGRAMS......Page 238
Control and Prevention......Page 239
SUMMARY......Page 244
REFERENCES......Page 245
CHAPTER NINETEEN  USING SAFETY CONSULTANTS......Page 246
REFERENCES......Page 250
CHAPTER TWENTY  SAFETY AND HEALTH TRAINING......Page 252
WHEN TO TRAIN......Page 253
TRAINING SUPERVISORS......Page 254
TRAINING EMPLOYEES......Page 255
DOCUMENTING SAFETY AND HEALTH TRAINING......Page 256
SAFETY TALKS......Page 257
SAFETY TALKS AND MEETINGS......Page 258
OSHA TRAINING GUIDELINES......Page 259
LEGAL ASPECT OF TRAINING......Page 260
Identifying Training Needs......Page 261
Identifying Goals and Objectives......Page 262
Conducting the Training......Page 263
Evaluating Program Effectiveness......Page 264
MATCHING TRAINING TO EMPLOYEES......Page 265
TRAINING EMPLOYEES AT RISK......Page 266
SUMMARY......Page 267
REFERENCES......Page 268
OSHA RECORDKEEPING......Page 270
COMPANY RECORDS......Page 271
WORKER’S COMPENSATION......Page 272
COST OF ACCIDENTS......Page 273
SUMMARY......Page 274
WHY TRACK ACCIDENTS/INCIDENTS......Page 275
REFERENCES......Page 276
FEDERAL LAWS......Page 278
REGULATION PROCESS......Page 279
PURPOSE OF OSHA......Page 281
CFR NUMBERING SYSTEM......Page 282
COPIES OF THE OSHA STANDARDS......Page 284
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH’S (NIOSH) ROLE......Page 285
EMPLOYERS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR WORKERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH......Page 286
WORKERS’ RIGHTS......Page 287
RIGHT TO KNOW......Page 288
OSHA INSPECTIONS......Page 289
CITATIONS......Page 290
CHALLENGING CITATIONS, PENALTIES AND OTHER ENFORCEMENT MEASURES......Page 291
STATE PROGRAMS......Page 292
MEDICAL AND EXPOSURE RECORDS......Page 293
SUMMARY......Page 294
REFERENCES......Page 295
CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE  HEALTH HAZARD PREVENTION......Page 296
ASBESTOS......Page 297
BACK INJURIES......Page 300
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS......Page 302
CARCINOGENS......Page 305
COLD STRESS......Page 311
ERGONOMICS......Page 316
HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS......Page 318
HAZARDOUS WASTE......Page 320
HEAT STRESS......Page 321
IONIZING RADIATION......Page 327
LASERS......Page 329
LEAD......Page 334
NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS......Page 335
NONIONIZING RADIATION......Page 339
VIBRATION......Page 341
WORKPLACE STRESS......Page 342
REFERENCES......Page 343
CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR  CONTROLS AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT......Page 344
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS......Page 345
ESTABLISHING A PPE PROGRAM......Page 346
EYE AND FACE PROTECTION......Page 347
HEAD PROTECTION......Page 354
FOOT AND LEG PROTECTION......Page 356
HAND AND ARM PROTECTION......Page 358
Fabric and Coated Fabric Gloves......Page 359
BODY PROTECTION......Page 360
HEARING PROTECTION......Page 361
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION......Page 363
Basic Respiratory Protection Safety Procedures......Page 365
Respirator User Policies......Page 366
Identification of Filters and Cartridges......Page 367
Filter and Cartridge Change Schedule......Page 368
Physical and Medical Qualifications......Page 369
Additional Medical Evaluations......Page 370
Types of Fit Tests......Page 371
Respirator Operation and Use......Page 372
Cleaning and Disinfecting......Page 373
Respirator Storage......Page 374
SUMMARY......Page 375
REFERENCES......Page 376
ABRASIVE BLASTING (29 CFR 1910.94 & .244)......Page 378
ABRASIVE WHEEL EQUIPMENT GRINDERS (29 CFR 1910.212, .215 & .243)......Page 379
AISLES AND PASSAGEWAYS (29 CFR 1910.17, .22 & .176)......Page 380
CHAINS, CABLES, ROPES, AND HOOKS (29 CFR 1910.179 & .180)......Page 381
COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS (29 CFR 1910.101 & .253)......Page 382
CONFINED SPACES (29 CFR 1910.146)......Page 384
CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS ENERGY SOURCES [LOCKOUT/TAGOUT] (29 CFR 1910.147)......Page 386
CRANE, DERRICK, AND HOIST SAFETY (29 CFR 1910.179, .180, & .181)......Page 388
ELECTRICAL (29 CFR 1910.303, .304, .305, .331, & .333)......Page 390
EMERGENCY ACTION PLANS (29 CFR 1910.38)......Page 392
EXITS (29 CFR 1910.36)......Page 393
FIRE PROTECTION (29 CFR 1910.157)......Page 395
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS (29 CFR 1910.106)......Page 397
FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS......Page 398
FORKLIFT TRUCKS [POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS] (29 CFR 1910.178)......Page 399
HAND TOOLS (29 CFR 1910.242)......Page 400
HOIST AND AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT (29 CFR 1910.179)......Page 401
HOUSEKEEPING (29 CFR 1910.22)......Page 402
LADDERS, FIXED (29 CFR 1910.27)......Page 403
LADDERS, PORTABLE (29 CFR 1910.25 & .26)......Page 406
MACHINE GUARDING (29 CFR 1910.212 & .219)......Page 407
MATERIAL HANDLING (29 CFR 1910.176)......Page 409
PNEUMATIC TOOLS (29 CFR 1910.243)......Page 410
PORTABLE (POWER OPERATED) TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT (29 CFR 1910.243)......Page 411
POWDER-ACTUATED TOOLS (29 CFR 1910.243)......Page 414
POWER TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT GUARDING (29 CFR 1910.219)......Page 415
PRESSURE VESSELS (29 CFR 1910.106, .216, & .217)......Page 416
RAILINGS (29 CFR 1910.23)......Page 418
SCAFFOLDS (29 CFR 1910.28)......Page 419
SPRAY-FINISHING OPERATIONS (29 CFR 1910.107)......Page 420
STAIRS, FIXED INDUSTRIAL (29 CFR 1910.23 & .24)......Page 421
TANKS, OPEN-SURFACE (29 CFR 1910.94)......Page 422
TRANSPORTING EMPLOYEES AND MATERIALS......Page 423
WALKING/WORKING SURFACES (29 CFR 1910.21 & .22)......Page 424
WELDING, CUTTING, AND BRAZING (29 CFR 1910.251, .252, .253, .254, & .255)......Page 425
WOODWORKING MACHINERY (29 CFR 1910.213)......Page 427
WORKPLACE VIOLENCE......Page 428
REFERENCES......Page 431
CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX  CONCLUSION......Page 432
APPENDIX A  SAMPLE WRITTEN SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM......Page 436
Safety and Health Policy Statement......Page 437
Safety Enforcement Policy......Page 438
Supervisors......Page 439
Competent/Qualified Persons......Page 440
Accident Investigation......Page 441
Safety and Health Committee......Page 442
Monthly Project Safety Meeting......Page 443
Supervisor Training......Page 444
Safety Talks......Page 445
Training Records......Page 446
Emergency Procedures......Page 447
Evacuation......Page 448
APPENDIX B  PROGRAM EVALUATION PROFILE......Page 450
Program Evaluation Profile (PEP) example.......Page 451
Appendix A The Program Evaluation Profile (PEP)......Page 456
Appendix B The PEP Tables......Page 458
APPENDIX C  ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION FORMS (Revised)......Page 468
APPENDIX D  CAUSAL ANALYSIS WORKSHEETS......Page 506
APPENDIX E  OSHA TRAINING GUIDELINES......Page 516
General Industry Training Requirements......Page 517
Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines Toxic and Hazardous......Page 519
Shipyard Employment Training Requirements......Page 520
Marine Terminals Training Requirements......Page 521
Construction Industry Training Requirements......Page 522
Agriculture Training Requirements......Page 524
Federal Employee Training Requirements......Page 525
APPENDIX F  SAMPLE GLOVE SELECTION CHART......Page 526
APPENDIX G  RESOURCES AND INFORMATION ACCESS......Page 534
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND AGENCIES......Page 535
Professional Safety Organizations:......Page 536
Specialty Associations (With Specific Expertise):......Page 537
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SOURCES......Page 538
Government......Page 540
Associations and Societies......Page 541
Other Sources......Page 542
Labor......Page 543
REFERENCES:......Page 544
INDEX......Page 546