Access, Lifelong Learning and Education for All (Palgrave Studies in Adult Education and Lifelong Learning)

Foreword
Contents
Contributors
List of Figures
1 Introduction
	Access Beyond Elites
	Alternative Pathways
	Learning in Community Settings
	References
Part I Access Beyond Elites
2 Access, Equity and Widening Participation
	Introduction
	Unequal Access
	Strategies and Policies
		New Institutions
		Free Higher Education
		Targeted Student Support
		Contextual Admissions
		Targets and Quotas
		Wider Perspectives
	Grounding Access, Participation and Inclusion: Principles and Discourses
	References
3 Human Capital Theory and Its Discontents
	Introduction
	Varieties of Human Capital Theory
	Critiques of Human Capital Theory
	Human Capital Theory Adopted as Government Policy
	Alternatives to Instrumental Theories of Education
	A Broader Conception of Human Beings and Motivation
	Three Roles of Post-Secondary Education Programmes
	Conclusion
	References
4 Adult and Lifelong Learning Epistemologies in Africa
	Introduction
	Presenting Africa
	Methodology
	Adult and lifelong learning in Africa
	Highlighting the Differences Among the Epistemologies
	African Traditional Education and Modern Adult and Lifelong Learning
	Anglophone African Adult and Lifelong Learning and Francophone African Adult and Lifelong Learning
	The Three Epistemologies and Sustainable Development
	Recommendations
	Conclusion
	References
5 Widening Access to Higher Education: Changing Demographics, Overcoming Old Barriers and the Role of Lifelong Learning
	Introduction
	People on the Move: Migrants and Refugees
		Germany
		Ireland
	Increasing Longevity, Ageing Populations and Changing Life Course Patterns
	Higher Education—Some Responses
	Concluding Reflections
	Note
	References
Part II Alternative Pathways
6 Beyond the Segmentation Between Vocational Training and Higher Education: New Qualification Pathways in Germany
	Introduction
	The German Education Schism (Bildungsschisma)
	The Expansion of Higher Education in Germany
	New Pathways and Institutions Beyond the Education Schism
		New Vocational-Oriented School Pathways to Higher Education Entrance Qualification
		Establishment of Dual Qualification Programmes at the Upper Secondary School Level
		More Frequent Access to Vocational Training for School Leavers with a University Entrance Entitlement
		Accreditation of Vocational Competencies on Courses of Study
		Consecutive Qualification Pathways
		Academisation of Vocational Qualification Provisions and ‘Vocationalisation’ of Academic Studies
		Permeability and Linkage: New Access Paths and Study Opportunities
		Opening up Access to Higher Education for Vocationally Qualified Persons
		Hybrid and Dual Study Programmes
	Conclusions
	Note
	References
7 Community Colleges in the United States: Navigating Multiple Missions During Uncertain Times
	Conceptualisations of the Community College
		Defining ‘Community College’
		Credentials Offered
		Funding and Governance
		Scholarly Perspectives on Community Colleges
	The Multiple Missions of Community Colleges
		Open-Access Mission
		Academic Preparation Mission
		Workforce Development Mission
		Community Service Mission
	Community Colleges’ Relationships with Four-Year Institutions
	Challenges Facing Community Colleges in Uncertain Times
	Conclusion and Future Prospects for Community Colleges
	References
8 The Alternative Route Revisited
	Three Episodes, Three Guises
	Birth of the Alternative Route
		A Hierarchy of Colleges
		The Further Education Ladder
		The Technician and Craft Routes
		Criticisms and Legacies
	Reaffirmation and Retreat
		The Rise of General Further Education Colleges
		A Self-Styled Movement
		Into a New Further Education Sector
	Return of the Technical Track
		Route Marking
		Route Building
	Concluding Observations
	References
9 Higher Level Vocational Qualifications as Pathways to Work and Further Study
	Introduction
	Contrasting Policy Contexts
	Common and Contrasting Terminology
	Examining Scottish Policy: Managing HVQs as Part of a System
		Higher National qualifications—The Domain of Colleges
		The Role of HNC/Ds in Supporting Progression to Degree Level Study
		The Dual Agenda for HNC/Ds
		The Future of Articulation and Higher Vocational Education
	Examining English Policy: Shaking up HVQs Within a Quasi-Market
		Enter Foundation Degrees
		Enter Higher and Degree Apprenticeships
		Planning for Higher Technical Qualifications, Some of Which Are Already Here
	What Does Experience Show Us?
	Conclusion
	References
Part III Learning in Community Settings
10 Partial Inclusions: Smart Cities, Labour Market and Educational Opportunities in India
	Introduction
	Pursuing Lifelong Learning
	Researching the Smart Cities Mission
		Smart City Skill Development Courses
		Quality of Training at ITCs
		Smart Cities Hackathon
		Citizen Engagement
	Conclusion
	References
11 Community Learning Centres in the Asia Region: Popular Education and Community Transformation
	Introduction
	Taking Care with Words
	What is a Community?
	The Modern International Stage
	The Global South
	CLCs in the Asian Setting
	Of-By-For Principle
	CLCs for Community Development
	The Case of Timor-Leste
	Strengths and Weaknesses
	Learning, Support, and Control
	References
12 Learning Outside the Academy: Conceptual Debates and Research Challenges
	Introduction
	Informal Learning Revisited
	Reframing Debate and Action Beyond ‘Formal, Non-Formal or Informal’ Learning
	The Significance of the Spatial ‘Turn’
	Spaces of Learning and Activity
	Workplaces as Learning Spaces: Conceptual Issues
	New Spaces—New Capabilities
	Learning Across Contexts: Interdependencies and Educative Potential
	Research Approaches
	Complexity Theories and Social Ecological Approaches
	Conclusions
	References
13 Relations in Learning and Research: The Case of the Centre for Research in Lifelong Learning
	The Policy Background
	The Emergence of the CRLL
	The Permissiveness of Lifelong Learning
	The CRLL and Learning Relations
	Looking Back and Looking Forward
	References
Index