Academic Writing For Engineering Publications: A Guide For Non-native English Speakers

Acknowledgments
Contents
Part I: Introduction
	1: Introduction
		1.1	 About This Book
		1.2	 Scope and Readers
		1.3	 Organization of This Book
		1.4	 American and British Spellings
	2: Academic Integrity
		2.1	 Plagiarism
		2.2	 Quotations and Paraphrasing
		2.3	 Copyright
		2.4	 Privacy and Confidentiality
		2.5	 Authorship
		2.6	 Logical Writing
		2.7	 Unbiased Writing
		2.8	 Neutral Language
		2.9	 Clear and Concise Writing
		2.10	 Practice Problems
Part II: Organization of Ideas
	3: Preparing for Writing
		3.1	 Purpose of Writing
		3.2	 Identifying Readers
		3.3	 Scope of Writing
		3.4	 Structure of Writing
			3.4.1	 Front Matter
			3.4.2	 Body
			3.4.3	 Back Matter
			3.4.4	 Headers and Footers
	4: Outlining
		4.1	 Outlining Steps
		4.2	 Outline-Based Drafting
		4.3	 Practice Problems
	5: Drafting Introduction
		5.1	 Sources of Information
		5.2	 Funnel Approach to Literature Review
		5.3	 Drafting Objectives
		5.4	 Errors in Introduction and Objectives
		5.5	 Practice Problems
	6: Drafting Methodology
		6.1	 Research Methods
		6.2	 Describing Numerical Approach
		6.3	 Replicability
		6.4	 Precise Description of Method
		6.5	 Practice Problems
	7: Drafting Results and Discussion
		7.1	 Data Validation
		7.2	 Aiming at Objectives
		7.3	 RECA Approach to Results and Discussion
			7.3.1	 Reiteration of Results
			7.3.2	 Explanation and Comparison of Results
			7.3.3	 In-Depth Analysis
			7.3.4	 Presenting Limitations
		7.4	 Quantitative Results
		7.5	 Precise Results and Discussion
		7.6	 Engaging Writing
		7.7	 Erratic Writing
		7.8	 Practice Problems
	8: Drafting Conclusions
		8.1	 Conclusion Meeting Objective
		8.2	 Practice Problems
	9: Drafting Other Sections
		9.1	 Drafting Title
		9.2	 Drafting Authorship
			9.2.1	 Corresponding Author
			9.2.2	 Authorship Order
			9.2.3	 Affiliations
		9.3	 Drafting Abstract
		9.4	 Drafting Executive Summary
		9.5	 Drafting Keywords
		9.6	 Table of Contents
		9.7	 List of Figures and List of Tables
		9.8	 Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols
		9.9	 Drafting Foreword and Preface
		9.10	 Drafting Acknowledgments
		9.11	 Drafting References and Bibliography
		9.12	 Appendices and Supplemental Materials
		9.13	 Glossary
		9.14	 Index
		9.15	 Practice Problems
Part III: Engineering Language Skills
	10: Engineering Language
		10.1	 Writing with Simple Language
		10.2	 Writing with Right Pace
		10.3	 Current, Future, and Past Tenses
		10.4	 Point of View
		10.5	 Positive and Negative Tones
		10.6	 Active and Passive Voices
		10.7	 Defining Terms Before Use
			10.7.1	 Defining Technical Terms
			10.7.2	 Consistent Naming of Same “Things”
		10.8	 Analogy and Simile
		10.9	 Clarity
		10.10	 Transition and Connection
			10.10.1	 Transition Between Paragraphs and Sections
			10.10.2	 Connecting Sentences in Paragraph
		10.11	 Conciseness
		10.12	 Practice Problems
	11: Paragraphs
		11.1	 Statement-Evidence-Conclusion Structure
			11.1.1	 Topic Sentence
			11.1.2	 Paragraph Length
		11.2	 Lists in Paragraph
		11.3	 Equations in Paragraph
		11.4	 Practice Problems
	12: Sentences
		12.1	 Sentence Construction
		12.2	 Conjunction
		12.3	 Parallel Structure
		12.4	 Sentence Variety
			12.4.1	 Varying Sentence Length
			12.4.2	 Varying Word Order
		12.5	 Grammatical Agreement
			12.5.1	 Subject-Verb Agreement
			12.5.2	 Compound Subject-Verb Agreement
		12.6	 Fragmented Sentences
		12.7	 Clauses
			12.7.1	 Adjective Clauses
			12.7.2	 Dependent and Independent Clauses
		12.8	 Emphasis
			12.8.1	 Emphasis by Position
			12.8.2	 Emphasis by Sentence Length
			12.8.3	 Emphasis by Repetition
			12.8.4	 Redundancy Due to Emphasis
			12.8.5	 Garbled Sentences
		12.9	 Modifiers
			12.9.1	 Prepositional Phrases as Modifiers
			12.9.2	 Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Modifiers
			12.9.3	 Placement of Modifiers
			12.9.4	 Dangling Modifiers
		12.10	 Intensifiers and Subjective Writing
		12.11	 Rambling Sentences
		12.12	 Practice Problems
	13: Phrases and Words
		13.1	 Phrases
			13.1.1	 Noun Phrases
			13.1.2	 Gerund Phrases
			13.1.3	 Verb Phrases
			13.1.4	 Prepositional Phrases
			13.1.5	 Participial Phrases
			13.1.6	 Infinitive Phrases
		13.2	 Verb-Based Writing
			13.2.1	 Phrasal Verb Error
			13.2.2	 Nominalization Error
		13.3	 Wordiness
			13.3.1	 Duplicated Nouns
			13.3.2	 Redundancy
			13.3.3	 Avoiding Wordy Phrases
		13.4	 Shift of Function
		13.5	 Jargon, Slang, and Idiom
		13.6	 Contractions
		13.7	 Vague and Subjective Words
			13.7.1	 Using the Word Significant
			13.7.2	 Using the Word Fact
		13.8	 Pairs of Challenging Words
		13.9	 Practice Problems
	14: Visuals
		14.1	 Using Simple Visuals
		14.2	 Key Elements in Visuals
			14.2.1	 Captions of Visuals
			14.2.2	 Labels in Visuals
			14.2.3	 Text in Visuals
		14.3	 Images
		14.4	 Graphs
			14.4.1	 Line Graph
			14.4.2	 Dot Graph
			14.4.3	 Line-Dot Graph
			14.4.4	 Error Bars
			14.4.5	 Schematic Diagram
			14.4.6	 Exploded View
			14.4.7	 Maps
		14.5	 Tables
		14.6	 Color
			14.6.1	 Black-and-White Visuals
			14.6.2	 Color in Visuals
		14.7	 Integrating Visuals into Text
		14.8	 Placement of Visuals
		14.9	 Practice Problems
	15: Punctuation
		15.1	 Punctuation Marks
		15.2	 Apostrophe
		15.3	 Colon
		15.4	 Comma
			15.4.1 Linking Independent Clauses
			15.4.2 Introducing Elements
			15.4.3 Separating Parallel Elements
			15.4.4 Enclosing Elements
			15.4.5 Using Commas with Numbers
			15.4.6 Replacing Verbs
			15.4.7 Comma Intrusion
		15.5	 Dash
		15.6	 Ellipsis
		15.7	 Hyphen
			15.7.1 Hyphenated Words
			15.7.2 Multi-word Modifiers
			15.7.3 Series
			15.7.4 Prefixes
			15.7.5 Hyphens for Clarity
		15.8	 Parentheses
		15.9	 Period
		15.10	 Question Mark
		15.11	 Quotation Marks
			15.11.1 Enclosing Elements
			15.11.2 Titles and Quotation Marks
			15.11.3 Punctuation in Quotation Marks
		15.12	 Semicolon
		15.13	 Practice Problems
	16: Finalization
		16.1	 Repeated Revisions
		16.2	 Formatting
			16.2.1 Formatting Title
			16.2.2 Formatting Table of Contents
			16.2.3 Justification of Margins
			16.2.4 Line Spacing
			16.2.5 Formatting Headings
			16.2.6 Formatting Headers and Footers
			16.2.7 Typeface and Font Size
			16.2.8 Capitalization
			16.2.9 Capitonyms
			16.2.10 Italicizing Words with Non-English Roots
			16.2.11 Italics to Specify Items
			16.2.12 Formatting Date
			16.2.13 Formatting Time
			16.2.14 Formatting Numbers
			16.2.15 Formatting Units and Symbols
			16.2.16 Formatting Lists
			16.2.17 Formatting Visuals
				Double-Check Placement of Visuals
				Refining Visuals
			16.2.18 Formatting Equations
				Italicized Symbols
			16.2.19 References and In-Text Citations
				References
				In-Text Citations
				Recommended Styles for References and Citations
		16.3	 Formatting Cross-References
			16.3.1 Formatting Appendices
			16.3.2 Formatting Index
		16.4	 Proofreading
		16.5	 Copyright Clearance
		16.6	 Internal Clearance
		16.7	 Practice Problems
Part IV: Correspondence
	17: Correspondence
		17.1	 Peer Review Process
		17.2	 Cover Letter
			17.2.1	 Structure of Cover Letter
			17.2.2	 Date in Letter
			17.2.3	 Salutation
			17.2.4	 Introduction, Body, and Conclusion
			17.2.5	 Complementary Close
		17.3	 Response to Reviewers’ Comments
			17.3.1	 Class 1 – Complimentary Comments
			17.3.2	 Class 2 – Editorial Comments
			17.3.3	 Class 3 – Challenging Comments
			17.3.4	Class 4 – Critical Comments
Appendices
	A1. Transitional Words and Phrases
	A2. American and British English Spellings
	A3. Sample Outline
		Introduction
		Model Development
			Model Domain and Assumptions
			Governing Equations
				Electrochemical Kinetics
				Mass Conversion
				Charge Conversion
				Energy Conversion
				Numerical Solution of Model Equations
		Results and Discussion
			Model Validation
			Effects of Separator Thickness and Porosity on Energy Density
			Electrolyte Concentration Distribution
			Effect of Separator on Thermal Behavior
	A4. Sample Response to Reviewers’ Comments
References
Index