Abrams' clinical drug therapy : rationales for nursing practice

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Reviewers
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
SECTION 1: The Conceptual Framework of Pharmacology
	CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Pharmacology
		Introduction
		Drug Sources
		Drug Classifications and Prototypes
		Drug Names
		Drug Marketing
		Pharmacoeconomics
		Access to Drugs
		Drug Approval Processes: Food and Drug Administration
		Safety in Drug Administration
		Sources of Drug Information
		Strategies for Studying Pharmacology
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 2: Basic Concepts and Processes
		Introduction
		Cellular Physiology
		Drug Transport Through Cell Membranes
		Pharmacokinetics
		Pharmacodynamics
		Variables that Affect Drug Actions
		Adverse Effects of Drugs
		Toxicology: Drug Overdose
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 3: Medication Administration and the Nursing Process of Drug Therapy
		General Principles of Accurate Drug Administration
		Legal Responsibilities
		Medication Errors and their Prevention
		Medication Orders
		Drug Preparations and Dosage Forms
		Calculating Drug Dosages
		Routes of Administration
		Nursing Process in Drug Therapy
		Integrating Evidence-Based Practice with the Nursing Process
		Herbal and Dietary Supplements
		References and Resources
SECTION 2: Drug Therapy Throughout the Lifespan
	CHAPTER 4: Pharmacology and the Care of the Infant and Pediatric Patient
		Introduction
		Drug Safety in Pediatrics
		Pharmacodynamics in Pediatrics
		Pharmacokinetics in Pediatrics
		Medication Administration in Pediatrics
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 5: Pharmacology and the Care of the Adult and Geriatric Patient
		Introduction
		Pharmacodynamics in Older Adults
		Pharmacokinetics in Older Adults
		Medication Adherence and Aging
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 6: Pharmacology and the Pregnant or Lactating Woman
		Introduction
		Drug Therapy for Infertility
		Drugs Used in Pregnancy
		Fetal Therapeutics
		Maternal Therapeutics
		Drugs that Alter Uterine Motility: Tocolytics
		Drugs Used During Labor and Delivery at Term
		Lactation
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
SECTION 3: Drugs Affecting the Hematopoietic and Immune Systems
	CHAPTER 7: Drug Therapy for Coagulation Disorders
		Introduction
		Overview of Coagulation Disorders
		Anticoagulant Drugs
		Heparins
		Vitamin K Antagonists
		Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
		Antiplatelet Drugs
		Adenosine Diphosphate Receptor Antagonists
		Other Antiplatelet Drugs
		Thrombolytic Drugs
		Drugs Used to Control Bleeding
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 8: Drug Therapy for Dyslipidemia
		Introduction
		Overview of Dyslipidemia
		HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
		Bile Acid Sequestrants
		Fibrates
		Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
		Miscellaneous Dyslipidemic Agent
		Combination Therapy Used to Treat Dyslipidemia
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 9: Drug Therapy for Hematopoietic Disorders and to Enhance Immunity
		Introduction
		Overview of Hematopoiesis and Immune Function
		Erythrocyte Hematopoietic Drugs
		Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factors
		Interferons
		Adjuvant Medications Used to Stimulate the Immune System: Interleukins
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 10: Drug Therapy: Immunizations
		Introduction
		Overview of Immunization
		Individual Immunizing Agents
		Keeping Up-to-Date with Immunization Recommendations
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 11: Drug Therapy to Suppress Immunity
		Introduction
		Overview of Altered Immune Function
		Cytotoxic Immunosuppressive Agents
		Conventional Antirejection Agents
		Adjuvant Medications Used to Suppress Immune Function
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 12: Drug Therapy for the Treatment of Cancer
		Introduction
		Overview of Cancer
		Cytotoxic Antineoplastic Drugs Used to Treat Cancer
		Adjuvant Medications Used to Treat Cancer
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
SECTION 4: Drugs Affecting Inflammation and Infection
	CHAPTER 13: Inflammation, Infection, and the Use of Antimicrobial Agents
		Introduction
		Overview of Inflammation
		Overview of Microorganisms
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 14: Drug Therapy to Decrease Pain, Fever, and Inflammation
		Introduction
		Overview of Pain, Fever, and Inflammation
		Specific Conditions
		Salicylates
		Nonnarcotic Analgesic Antipyretic: Acetaminophen
		Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
		Selective COX-2 Inhibitor: Celecoxib
		Antigout Medication
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 15: Drug Therapy With Corticosteroids
		Introduction
		Physiology of Endogenous Corticosteroids
		Pathophysiology of Adrenal Cortex Disorders
		Drug Therapy with Exogenous Corticosteroids
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 16: Drug Therapy With Beta-Lactam Antibacterial Agents
		Introduction
		Penicillins
		Cephalosporins
		Carbapenems
		Monobactams
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 17: Drug Therapy With Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones
		Introduction
		Aminoglycosides
		Fluoroquinolones
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 18: Drug Therapy With Tetracyclines, Sulfonamides, and Urinary Antiseptics
		Introduction
		Tetracyclines
		Sulfonamides
		Adjuvant Medications Used to Treat Urinary Tract Infections: Urinary Antiseptics
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 19: Drug Therapy With Macrolides, Ketolides, and Miscellaneous Anti-Infective Agents
		Introduction
		Macrolides
		Ketolides
		Miscellaneous Anti-Infective Agents
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 20: Drug Therapy for Tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease
		Introduction
		Overview of Tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease
		Isoniazid
		Rifamycins
		Adjuvant First-Line Antitubercular Drugs
		First-Line Drug Combinations Used to Treat Tuberculosis
		Second-Line Drugs Used to Treat Tuberculosis
		Drugs Used to Treat Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease
		Special Strategies to Increase Adherence to Antitubercular Drug Regimens
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 21: Drug Therapy for Viral Infections
		Introduction
		Overview of Viruses and Viral Infections
		Drugs for Herpesvirus Infections
		Drugs for Respiratory Syncytial Virus
		Drugs for Influenza
		Drugs for Hepatitis: Nucleoside Analogs
		Drugs for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Antiretroviral Drugs)
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 22: Drug Therapy for Fungal Infections
		Introduction
		Overview of Fungal Infections
		Polyenes
		Azoles
		Echinocandins
		Miscellaneous Antifungal Agents for Superficial Mycoses
		Pyrimidine Analog
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 23: Drug Therapy for Parasitic Infections
		Introduction
		Overview of Parasitic Infections
		Amebicides
		Antimalarials
		Anthelmintics
		Scabicides and Pediculicides
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
SECTION 5: Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System
	CHAPTER 24: Drug Therapy for Heart Failure
		Introduction
		Overview of Heart Failure
		Inotropes (Cardiac Glycosides)
		Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors (Cardiotonic– Inotropic Agents)
		Human B-Type Natriuretic Peptides
		Adjuvant Medications Used to Treat Heart Failure
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 25: Drug Therapy for Dysrhythmias
		Introduction
		Overview of Dysrhythmias
		Class I Sodium Channel Blockers
		Class II Beta-Adrenergic Blockers
		Class III Potassium Channel Blockers
		Class IV Calcium Channel Blockers
		Unclassified Antidysrhythmic Drugs
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 26: Drug Therapy for Angina
		Introduction
		Overview of Angina
		Organic Nitrates
		Beta-Adrenergic Blockers
		Calcium Channel Blockers
		Adjuvant Medications
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 27: Drug Therapy to Enhance the Adrenergic Response
		Introduction
		Overview of the Adrenergic Response
		Adrenergic Drugs
		Toxicity of Adrenergics: Recognition and Management
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 28: Drug Therapy for Hypertension
		Introduction
		Overview of Hypertension
		Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
		Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
		Adjuvant Medications Used to Treat Hypertension
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
SECTION 6: Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System
	CHAPTER 29: Drug Therapy for Nasal Congestion
		Introduction
		Overview of Nasal Congestion and Other Respiratory Symptoms
		Nasal Decongestants
		Antitussives
		Expectorants
		Mucolytics
		Herbal Preparations
		Combination Products
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 30: Drug Therapy to Decrease Histamine Effects and Allergic Response
		Introduction
		Overview of Histamine Release and the Allergic Response
		First-Generation H1 Receptor Antagonists
		Second-Generation H1 Receptor Antagonists
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 31: Drug Therapy for Asthma and Bronchoconstriction
		Introduction
		Overview of Asthma
		Adrenergics
		Anticholinergics
		Xanthines
		Corticosteroids
		Leukotriene Modifiers
		Adjuvant Medications Used to Treat Asthma
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
SECTION 7: Drugs Affecting the Renal and Digestive Systems
	CHAPTER 32: Drug Therapy for Fluid Volume Excess
		Introduction
		Renal Physiology
		Overview of Conditions Requiring Diuretic Agents
		Thiazide Diuretics
		Loop Diuretics
		Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
		Adjuvant Medications Used to Treat Fluid Volume Excess
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 33: Nutritional Support Products, Vitamins, and Mineral Supplements
		Introduction
		Overview of Altered Nutritional States
		Fat-Soluble Vitamins
		Water-Soluble Vitamins
		Minerals
		Treatment of Mineral Excess
		Nutritional Products
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 34: Drug Therapy for Weight Management
		Introduction
		Overview of Weight Management
		Adrenergic Anorexiants
		Lipase Inhibitors
		Other Drugs Used for Weight Management
		Herbal and Dietary Supplements Used for Weight Management
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 35: Drug Therapy for Peptic Ulcer Disease and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
		Introduction
		Overview of Peptic Ulcer Disease and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
		Antacids
		Histamine2 Receptor Antagonists
		Proton Pump Inhibitors
		Adjuvant Medications Used to Treat Peptic Ulcer Disease and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 36: Drug Therapy for Nausea and Vomiting
		Introduction
		Overview of Nausea and Vomiting
		Phenothiazines
		Antihistamines
		5-Hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3) or Serotonin Receptor Antagonists
		Substance P/Neurokinin 1 Antagonist: Aprepitant
		Miscellaneous Antiemetics
		Nonpharmacologic Management
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 37: Drug Therapy for Constipation and Elimination Problems
		Introduction
		Overview of Constipation
		Laxatives
		Cathartics
		Miscellaneous Agents for Constipation
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 38: Drug Therapy for Diarrhea
		Introduction
		Overview of Diarrhea
		Opiate-Related Antidiarrheal Agents
		Adjuvant Medications Used to Treat Diarrhea
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
SECTION 8: Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System
	CHAPTER 39: Drug Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus
		Introduction
		Overview of Diabetes
		Insulins
		Sulfonylureas
		Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
		Biguanides
		Thiazolidinediones
		Meglitinides
		Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors
		Amylin Analogs
		Incretin Mimetics
		Adjuvant Medications Used to Treat Diabetes
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 40: Drug Therapy for Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism
		Introduction
		Overview of the Thyroid Gland
		Antithyroid Drugs
		Thyroid Drugs
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 41: Drug Therapy for Pituitary and Hypothalamic Dysfunction
		Introduction
		Overview of Pituitary and Hypothalamic Dysfunction
		Anterior Pituitary Hormone Drugs for Growth Deficiency in Children
		Posterior Pituitary Hormone Drugs for Diabetes Insipidus
		Hypothalamic Hormone Drugs
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 42: Drug Therapy to Regulate Calcium and Bone Metabolism
		Introduction
		Overview of Calcium and Bone Metabolism
		Calcium Preparations
		Vitamin D
		Bisphosphonates
		Other Medications Used to Treat Bone Disorders and Hypercalcemia
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 43: Drug Therapy for Addison’s Disease and Cushing’s Disease
		Introduction
		Overview of Addison’s Disease
		Overview of Cushing’s Disease
		Drugs Used to Treat Addison’s Disease
		Drugs Used to Treat Cushing’s Disease
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
SECTION 9: Drugs Affecting Women’s and Men’s Health
	CHAPTER 44: Drug Therapy for Women’s Health
		Introduction
		Overview of Reproduction in Women
		Estrogens
		Progestins
		Estrogen–Progestin Combinations
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 45: Drug Therapy for Men’s Health
		Introduction
		Overview of Reproductive Health Problems in Men
		Androgens and Anabolic Steroids
		Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors
		Adjuvant Medications Used to Treat Erectile Dysfunction
		Drugs for Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
SECTION 10: Drugs Affecting the Autonomic and Central Nervous System
	CHAPTER 46: Drug Therapy for Myasthenia Gravis and Alzheimer’s Disease
		Introduction
		Overview of Myasthenia Gravis
		Indirect-Acting Cholinergics
		Overview of Alzheimer’s Disease
		Reversible Indirect-Acting Cholinergics
		Overview of Urinary Retention
		Direct-Acting Cholinergics
		Irreversible Anticholinesterase Toxicity
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 47: Drug Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease and Anticholinergics
		Overview of Parkinson’s Disease
		Dopamine Receptor Agonists
		Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors
		Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitor and Decarboxylase Inhibitor/Dopamine Precursor
		The Nursing Process
		Overview of Anticholinergic Drugs
		Belladonna Alkaloid and Derivatives
		Centrally Acting Anticholinergics
		Gastrointestinal Anticholinergics (Antisecretory/ Antispasmodic)
		Urinary Antispasmodics
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 48: Drug Therapy With Opioids
		Introduction
		Overview of Pain
		Opioid Agonists
		Opioid Agonists/Antagonists
		Opioid Antagonists
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 49: Drug Therapy With Local Anesthetics
		Introduction
		Overview of Local Anesthesia
		Amides
		Esters
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 50: Drug Therapy With General Anesthetics
		Introduction
		Overview of General Anesthesia
		Inhalation Anesthetics
		Intravenous Anesthetics
		Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
		Adjuvant Medications Used in General Anesthesia
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 51: Drug Therapy for Migraines and Other Headaches
		Introduction
		Overview of Migraine Headaches
		Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents
		Acetaminophen, Aspirin, and Caffeine
		Ergot Alkaloids
		Triptans
		Estrogen
		Preventive Therapy for Migraine Headaches
		Adjuvant Medications for Migraine Headaches
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 52: Drug Therapy for Seizure Disorders and Spasticity
		Introduction
		Overview of Epilepsy
		Drugs Used to Treat Seizure Disorders
		Other Antiepileptic Drugs
		The Nursing Process
		Overview of Spinal Cord Injury
		Drugs Used to Treat Muscle Spasms and Spasticity
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 53: Drug Therapy to Reduce Anxiety and Produce Hypnosis
		Introduction
		Overview of Anxiety
		Overview of Sleep and Insomnia
		Benzodiazepines
		Nonbenzodiazepine Sedative–Hypnotic Agents
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 54: Drug Therapy for Depression and Mood Stabilization
		Introduction
		Overview of Depression
		Overview of Bipolar Disorder
		Tricyclic Antidepressants
		Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
		Serotonin–Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
		Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
		Atypical Antidepressants
		Mood-Stabilizing Agents: Drugs Used to Treat Bipolar Disorder
		Other Medications Used to Treat Bipolar Disorder
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 55: Drug Therapy for Psychotic Disorders
		Introduction
		Overview of Psychosis
		Phenothiazine Antipsychotics
		Nonphenothiazines
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 56: Drug Therapy to Stimulate the Central Nervous System
		Introduction
		Overview of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
		Overview of Narcolepsy
		Stimulants
		Other Medications Used to Treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Narcolepsy
		Herbal and Dietary Supplements
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 57: Drug Therapy for Substance Abuse Disorders
		Introduction
		Overview of Substance Abuse and Dependence
		Central Nervous System Depressant Abuse and Dependence: Drug Therapy
		Central Nervous System Stimulant Abuse and Dependence: Drug Therapy
		Psychoactive Substance Abuse and Dependence: Drug Therapy
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
SECTION 11: Drugs Affecting the Eye, Ear, and Skin
	CHAPTER 58: Drug Therapy for Disorders of the Eye
		Introduction
		Basic Structure and Function of the Eye
		Overview of Disorders of the Eye
		Drug Therapy for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ocular Disorders
		Drug Therapy for the Treatment of Glaucoma
		Drug Therapy for Ocular Infections and Inflammation
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 59: Drug Therapy for Disorders of the Ear
		Introduction
		Overview of Disorders of the Ear
		Anti-Infective, Antiseptic, Glucocorticoid, and Acidifying Agents
		Fluoroquinolone: Ciprofloxacin
		Penicillin: Amoxicillin
		Adjuvant Medications to Treat Pain and Fever Related to Infections of the Ear
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
	CHAPTER 60: Drug Therapy for Disorders of the Skin
		Introduction
		Disorders of the Skin
		Drug Therapy
		Retinoids
		The Nursing Process
		References and Resources
Index
Appendix A: Answers for NCLEX Success
Appendix B: Answers for the Clinical Application Case Studies
Appendix C: Answers for the Critical Thinking Questions
Appendix D: The International System of Units
Appendix E: Serum Drug Concentrations