Abnormal Psychology

Cover......Page 1
Copyright Page......Page 4
Title Page......Page 5
Dedication Page......Page 7
Brief Contents......Page 9
Contents......Page 10
Preface......Page 17
Acknowledgments......Page 22
About the Authors......Page 24
CHAPTER 1 Abnormal Psychology: Historical and Modern Perspectives......Page 27
Is Being Different Abnormal?......Page 28
Is Behaving Deviantly (Differently) Abnormal?......Page 29
Is Behaving Dangerously Abnormal?......Page 31
Side by side: case study......Page 32
A Definition of Abnormal Behavior......Page 33
Research HOT topic: Categorical vs. Dimensional Approaches to Abnormal Behavior......Page 34
Ancient Theories......Page 37
Classical Greek and Roman Periods......Page 38
The Middle Ages Through the Renaissance......Page 39
Examining the evidence: Modern Witchcraft, Demons, and Alien Abductions......Page 40
The Nineteenth Century and the Beginning of Modern Thought......Page 41
The Twentieth Century......Page 44
Ethics and Responsibility......Page 47
Current Views of Abnormal Behavior and Treatment......Page 48
Biological Models......Page 49
Psychological Models......Page 52
Sociocultural Models......Page 56
The Biopsychosocial Model......Page 59
REAL science REAL life: Marcie......Page 61
TEST Yourself......Page 62
CHAPTER 2 Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology......Page 65
Ethics and Responsibility......Page 66
Neuroanatomy......Page 67
Real people, real disorders: Henry Gustav Molaison (H.M.)......Page 70
Neurohormones and Neurotransmitters......Page 72
Neuroimaging......Page 73
Genetics......Page 74
Family, Twin, and Adoption Studies......Page 75
Research in Abnormal Psychology at the Individual Level......Page 78
The Case Study......Page 79
Single-Case Designs......Page 80
Correlational Methods......Page 83
Controlled Group Designs......Page 86
Improvement of Diversity in Group-Based Research......Page 89
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Cohorts......Page 90
Epidemiological Research Designs......Page 93
Research HOT topic: National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)......Page 95
REAL science REAL life: Susan......Page 96
TEST Yourself......Page 98
CHAPTER 3 Assessment and Diagnosis......Page 101
Goals of Assessment......Page 102
Real people, real disorders: Cases of Misdiagnosis......Page 105
Properties of Assessment Instruments......Page 106
Developmental and Cultural Considerations......Page 109
Assessment Instruments......Page 110
Clinical Interviews......Page 111
Psychological Tests......Page 112
Examining the evidence: The Rorschach Inkblot Test......Page 119
Behavioral Assessment......Page 120
Psychophysiological Assessment......Page 123
Diagnosis and Classification......Page 125
History of Classification of Abnormal Behaviors......Page 126
Comorbidity......Page 127
When Is a Diagnostic System Harmful?......Page 128
Dimensional Systems as an Alternative to DSM Classification......Page 130
Research HOT topic: Too Many Disorders?......Page 131
REAL science REAL life: Libby......Page 132
TEST Yourself......Page 134
CHAPTER 4 Anxiety Disorders......Page 137
The Fight-or-Flight Response......Page 138
The Elements of Anxiety......Page 140
How “Normal” Anxiety Differs from Abnormal Anxiety......Page 142
What Are the Anxiety Disorders?......Page 143
Panic Attacks......Page 144
Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia......Page 145
Generalized Anxiety Disorder......Page 147
Social Phobia......Page 149
Real people, real disorders: A Story of Social Phobia......Page 151
Specific Phobia......Page 152
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder......Page 155
Examining the evidence: Is Trichotillomania a Variant of OCD?......Page 159
Side by side: case studies......Page 160
Research HOT topic: 9/11—Trauma, Grief, PTSD, and Resilience......Page 163
Separation Anxiety Disorder......Page 164
Biological Perspective......Page 166
Psychological Perspective......Page 171
Biological Treatments......Page 174
Psychological Treatments......Page 177
Research HOT topic: Virtual Reality Therapy......Page 178
Ethics and Responsibility......Page 179
REAL science REAL life: Steve......Page 181
TEST Yourself......Page 182
CHAPTER 5 Somatoform, Dissociative, and Factitious Disorders......Page 185
Somatization Disorder......Page 186
Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder......Page 188
Conversion Disorder......Page 189
Pain Disorder......Page 190
Hypochondriasis......Page 191
Body Dysmorphic Disorder......Page 193
Common Factors in Somatoform Disorders......Page 194
Functional Impairment......Page 195
Sex, Race, and Ethnicity......Page 196
Research HOT topic: The Challenge of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome......Page 197
Developmental Factors......Page 198
Etiology......Page 199
Examining the evidence: Is Childhood Sexual Abuse Associated with Somatoform Disorders?......Page 200
Treatment......Page 202
Dissociative Amnesia......Page 204
Dissociative Identity Disorder......Page 205
Depersonalization Disorder......Page 207
Sex, Race, and Ethnicity......Page 208
Etiology......Page 209
Ethics and Responsibility......Page 212
Treatment......Page 213
Factitious Disorders......Page 214
Real people, real disorders: The Piano Man—Dissociative Fugue, Factitious Disorder, or Malingering?......Page 216
Epidemiology......Page 217
Etiology and Treatment......Page 218
REAL people REAL disorders: Nancy......Page 220
TEST Yourself......Page 221
CHAPTER 6 Mood Disorders......Page 225
Major Depressive Disorder......Page 226
Dysthymia......Page 228
Bipolar Disorder......Page 230
Side by side: case studies......Page 232
Epidemiology of Depression......Page 233
Sex, Race, and Ethnicity......Page 234
Developmental Factors in Depression......Page 235
Comorbidity......Page 236
Suicide......Page 237
Who Commits Suicide?......Page 238
Ethics and Responsibility......Page 239
Risk Factors For Suicide......Page 240
Understanding Suicide......Page 241
Prevention of Suicide......Page 242
Treatment After Suicide Attempts......Page 243
Biological Perspective......Page 244
Psychological Perspective......Page 247
Research HOT topic: The Interaction Between Genes and Environment......Page 248
Major Depression......Page 252
Bipolar Disorder......Page 257
Selecting a Treatment......Page 259
REAL science REAL life: Latisha......Page 261
TEST Yourself......Page 262
CHAPTER 7 Eating Disorders......Page 265
Anorexia Nervosa......Page 266
Epidemiology and Course of Anorexia Nervosa......Page 269
Personality and Anorexia Nervosa......Page 270
Bulimia Nervosa......Page 271
Epidemiology and Course of Bulimia Nervosa......Page 273
Real people, real disorders: Elton John: Bulimia Nervosa and Drug and Alcohol Abuse......Page 275
Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified......Page 276
Binge Eating Disorder......Page 277
Sex, Race, Ethnicity, and Developmental Factors......Page 279
Developmental Factors in Eating Disorders......Page 280
Biological Perspectives......Page 282
Research HOT topic: Do Animals Binge?......Page 283
Examining the evidence: Genes or Environment in Anorexia Nervosa?......Page 286
Psychological Perspectives......Page 287
Inpatient Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa......Page 289
Biological Treatments for Eating Disorders......Page 290
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy......Page 291
Family-Based Interventions......Page 293
REAL science REAL life: Lisa......Page 294
TEST Yourself......Page 296
CHAPTER 8 Gender and Sexual Disorders......Page 299
Sexual Functioning......Page 300
Sex Differences in Sexual Response......Page 301
Understanding Sexual Behavior......Page 302
Research HOT topic: The Internet and Cybersex......Page 305
Gender Identity Disorder......Page 306
Functional Impairment......Page 308
Sex, Race, and Ethnicity......Page 309
Etiology......Page 310
Ethics and Responsibility......Page 311
Treatment......Page 312
Sexual Desire Disorders......Page 314
Sexual Arousal Disorders......Page 315
Orgasmic Disorders......Page 316
Side by side: case studies......Page 317
Premature Ejaculation......Page 318
Sexual Pain Disorders......Page 319
Sex, Race, and Ethnicity......Page 321
Etiology......Page 323
Treatment......Page 325
Examining the evidence: Viagra for Female Sexual Arousal Disorder......Page 326
Sexual Arousal Toward Nonhuman Objects......Page 328
Sexual Arousal Toward Children and Nonconsenting Adults......Page 330
Sexual Arousal Involving Suffering or Humiliation of Oneself or Others......Page 333
Sex, Race, and Ethnicity......Page 334
Etiology......Page 335
Treatment......Page 336
REAL science REAL life: Michael......Page 339
TEST Yourself......Page 340
CHAPTER 9 Substance Use Disorders......Page 343
How Severe Is the Problem? Use, Abuse, and Dependence......Page 344
Caffeine......Page 346
Nicotine......Page 348
Alcohol......Page 349
Marijuana......Page 352
Side by side: case studies......Page 353
CNS Stimulants......Page 354
Cocaine......Page 356
Sedative Drugs......Page 357
Opioids......Page 359
Real people, real disorders: Kurt Cobain—A Tragic End to a Life of Substance Abuse......Page 360
Inhalants......Page 361
Behavioral Addictions......Page 362
Sex, Ethnicity, Education, and Illicit Drug Use......Page 363
Biological Factors......Page 364
Psychological Factors......Page 366
Developmental Factors......Page 368
Treatment of Substance Abuse and Dependence......Page 369
Therapies Based on Cognitive and Behavioral Principles......Page 370
Motivational Enhancement Therapy......Page 371
Biological Treatments......Page 374
Examining the evidence: Controlled Drinking?......Page 376
Sex and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Treatment......Page 377
REAL science REAL life: Gloria......Page 378
Reviewing Learning Objectives......Page 379
TEST Yourself......Page 380
CHAPTER 10 Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders......Page 383
What Is Psychosis?......Page 384
What Is Schizophrenia?......Page 385
Schizophrenia in Depth......Page 386
Real people, real disorders: John Nash—A Beautiful Mind......Page 390
Ethics and Responsibility......Page 394
Ethics and Responsibility......Page 396
Real people, real disorders: Andrea Yates and Postpartum Psychosis......Page 399
Biological Factors......Page 402
Examining the evidence: Genetics and Environment in the Development of Schizophrenia......Page 404
Family Influences......Page 407
Pharmacological Treatment......Page 410
Psychosocial Treatment......Page 412
Research HOT topic: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation......Page 413
REAL science REAL life: Kerry......Page 415
TEST Yourself......Page 416
CHAPTER 11 Personality Disorders......Page 419
Personality Trait Versus Personality Disorder......Page 420
Side by side: case studies......Page 422
Personality Disorder Clusters......Page 423
Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric Disorders......Page 424
Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Disorders......Page 428
Real people, real disorders: Jeffrey Dahmer: Antisocial Personality Disorder......Page 430
Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful Disorders......Page 434
Examining the evidence: Generalized Social Phobia Versus Avoidant Personality Disorder......Page 437
Other Personality Disorders......Page 439
Developmental Factors and Personality Disorders......Page 440
Epidemiology......Page 442
Sex, Race, and Ethnicity......Page 443
Biological Perspectives......Page 444
Research HOT topic: Tracking Temperament From Childhood Into Adulthood......Page 445
Psychological and Sociocultural Perspectives......Page 447
Treatment of Personality Disorders......Page 449
REAL science REAL life: Robin......Page 452
Reviewing Learning Objectives......Page 453
TEST Yourself......Page 454
CHAPTER 12 Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence......Page 457
Intellectual Disability......Page 458
Functional Impairment......Page 460
Etiology......Page 461
Treatment......Page 465
Learning Disorders......Page 466
Etiology......Page 468
Treatment......Page 469
Pervasive Developmental Disorders......Page 470
Functional Impairment......Page 473
Real people, real disorders: Temple Grandin, Ph.D.......Page 474
Etiology......Page 475
Ethics and Responsibility......Page 476
Treatment......Page 477
Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders......Page 478
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder......Page 479
Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder......Page 484
Research HOT topic: Psychiatric Medication Use in Children......Page 488
Feeding and Eating Disorders......Page 489
Elimination Disorders......Page 490
REAL science REAL life: Danny......Page 493
TEST Yourself......Page 495
CHAPTER 13 Aging and Cognitive Disorders......Page 499
Geropsychology as a Unique Field......Page 500
Successful Aging......Page 501
Psychological Symptoms and Disorders Among Older People......Page 502
Unipolar and Bipolar Depression......Page 504
Anxiety......Page 508
research HOT topic: Translating Research in Geropsychology to the “Real World”......Page 509
Substance Abuse......Page 513
Psychosis......Page 517
Delirium......Page 520
Dementia......Page 523
Real people, real disorders: Pat Summitt: Decreasing the Stigma of Alzheimer’s Disease......Page 526
Examining the evidence: What Is Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and Is It a Precursor of Dementia or a Separate Syndrome?......Page 530
REAL science REAL life: Charlotte......Page 532
TEST Yourself......Page 533
CHAPTER 14 Health Psychology......Page 537
The Mind-Body Relationship......Page 538
The Role of Stress in Physical and Mental Health......Page 539
Defining Stress......Page 540
Measuring Stress......Page 542
The Impact of Stress on Health......Page 543
Sex, Race, and Developmental Issues......Page 547
Psychology and Behavior in Medical Illness......Page 549
Behavior and Health......Page 550
Psychological Factors and Medical Illnesses......Page 553
Real people, real disorders: Magic Johnson—Living with HIV......Page 555
Examining the evidence: Are Opioid Medications Useful or Too Risky in the Treatment of Pain?......Page 560
Health Psychology Interventions......Page 561
REAL science REAL life: Sandy......Page 565
TEST Yourself......Page 566
CHAPTER 15 Abnormal Psychology: Legal and Ethical Issues......Page 569
Law, Ethics, and Issues of Treatment......Page 571
Deinstitutionalization......Page 572
Ethics and Responsibility......Page 573
Civil Commitment......Page 574
Criminal Commitment......Page 575
Real people, real disorders: Kenneth Bianchi, Patty Hearst, and Dr. Martin Orne......Page 580
Privacy, Confidentiality, and Privilege in Abnormal Psychology......Page 581
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)......Page 583
Duty to Warn......Page 584
Malpractice......Page 586
Prescription Privileges......Page 587
Rights of Participants in Research......Page 589
Considerations With Children and Adolescents......Page 591
Research HOT topic: The Use of Placebo in Clinical Research......Page 592
Cultural Perceptions Regarding Research......Page 593
Examining the evidence: Children and Nontherapeutic Research......Page 595
REAL science REAL life: Gregory Murphy......Page 596
TEST Yourself......Page 598
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REFERENCES......Page 609
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