Abaqus analysis user's manual, volume 1, version 6.7

Abaqus Analysis User's Manual......Page 1
Legal Notices......Page 4
Offices and Representatives......Page 5
Preface......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Part I: Introduction, Spatial Modeling, and Execution......Page 29
1. Introduction......Page 31
1.1 Introduction......Page 33
Overview of this manual......Page 35
Using Abaqus......Page 36
Reviewing the results of an Abaqus simulation......Page 37
1.2 Abaqus syntax and conventions......Page 39
Keyword lines......Page 41
Sets......Page 43
Labels......Page 44
Example: Multiple data lines due to field variable dependence......Page 45
Ordering the data lines......Page 46
Degrees of freedom......Page 49
Coordinate systems......Page 50
American or English units......Page 51
Time......Page 52
Local directions on surfaces in space......Page 53
Convention used for stress and strain components......Page 54
Shear strains......Page 55
Total (integrated) strain......Page 56
Logarithmic strain......Page 57
Finite rotations......Page 58
Compound rotations......Page 59
Example......Page 60
1.3 Defining an Abaqus model......Page 65
The input file......Page 67
Optional model data......Page 68
History data......Page 69
Optional history data......Page 70
Including an encrypted data file......Page 71
1.4 Parametric modeling......Page 73
Introduction......Page 75
Tabular dependence......Page 76
Parameter evaluation......Page 77
Data types......Page 78
Parametrizing individual input quantities......Page 79
Parametrizing groups of input quantities (tabular dependence)......Page 80
Data types......Page 82
Functions......Page 83
Display of parametric input......Page 84
Additional reference......Page 85
2. Spatial Modeling......Page 87
2.1 Defining nodes......Page 89
Assigning a node number to the node......Page 91
Defining the nodal coordinate system......Page 92
Defining individual nodes by specifying their coordinates......Page 93
Specifying a local coordinate system for the nodal coordinates......Page 94
Grouping nodes into node sets......Page 95
Listing the nodes that define the set directly......Page 96
Limitation on updating node sets that are used to define other node sets......Page 97
Example......Page 98
Alternate method for defining assembly-level node sets......Page 99
Defining a straight line between the two end nodes......Page 100
Defining the extra point and the normal direction in a local coordinate system......Page 101
Reflecting the coordinates of the old nodes......Page 102
Projecting the nodes in the old set from a pole node......Page 103
Creating nodes by filling in nodes between two bounds......Page 104
Example......Page 106
Example......Page 107
Creating quarter-point spacing......Page 108
Mapping a set of nodes from one coordinate system to another......Page 109
Scaling the local coordinates before they are mapped......Page 110
Introducing a pure shift by specifying the axis and magnitude of the translation......Page 113
Mapping from spherical coordinates......Page 114
Mapping by means of blended quadratics......Page 115
Parametrization of nodal coordinates using node generation......Page 117
Shape change by linear combination of shape variations......Page 118
Defining shape variations in alternative coordinate systems......Page 119
Reading shape variations from an eigenvalue analysis results file......Page 120
Visualization of shape variations......Page 121
Using Abaqus/CAE to compute shape variations......Page 122
Generating continuously varying thicknesses between two nodes or node sets......Page 123
Creating a discontinuity in the shell, membrane, or rigid element thicknesses......Page 124
Contact surfaces in Abaqus/Standard......Page 127
Gasket elements......Page 128
The coordinate system in which normals are defined......Page 129
Defining a local coordinate system......Page 131
Defining a rectangular Cartesian coordinate transformation......Page 132
Defining a spherical coordinate transformation......Page 133
Output at a node associated with a coordinate transformation......Page 134
2.2 Defining elements......Page 135
Assigning an element number to the element......Page 137
Reading substructure definitions from a substructure library......Page 138
Using solid element connectivity to define gasket elements......Page 139
Defining cohesive elements......Page 140
Defining a cohesive element by specifying only the bottom face nodes......Page 141
Assigning elements to an element set as they are created......Page 142
Generating the element set......Page 143
Example......Page 144
Alternate method for defining assembly-level element sets......Page 145
Creating elements from existing elements by generating them incrementally......Page 146
Creating elements by copying existing elements......Page 147
Special considerations for continuum elements......Page 149
Defining element foundation behavior......Page 151
Defining a rebar layer......Page 153
Specifying rebar geometry......Page 154
Defining rebar using the tire “lift” equation......Page 155
Local orientation system for three-dimensional elements......Page 157
Local orientation system for axisymmetric elements......Page 159
Defining rebar in Abaqus/Standard €beam elements......Page 160
Defining the rebar material......Page 161
Holding prestress in rebar in Abaqus/Standard......Page 162
Specifying the direction for rebar angle output......Page 163
Example......Page 164
Visualizing rebar orientation and results in rebar......Page 165
Assigning a name to the rebar set......Page 167
Defining isoparametric rebars in three-dimensional shell and membrane elements......Page 168
Defining skew rebars in three-dimensional shell and membrane elements......Page 169
Defining skew rebars relative to the default projected local coordinate system......Page 170
Defining skew rebars relative to a user-defined local coordinate system......Page 171
Defining rebars in axisymmetric shell and membrane elements......Page 172
Defining isoparametric rebars......Page 174
Defining skew rebars......Page 175
Defining single rebars in two-dimensional axisymmetric and generalized plane strain continuum elements......Page 177
Defining layers of rebars in three-dimensional continuum elements......Page 178
Example: isoparametric rebar......Page 182
Example: skew rebar......Page 184
Defining single rebars in three-dimensional continuum elements......Page 185
Initial conditions......Page 186
Defining the initial values of solution-dependent state variables for rebars......Page 187
Example......Page 188
Visualizing rebar orientation and results in rebar......Page 189
Overview......Page 191
Available coordinate systems......Page 192
Defining a rectangular coordinate system......Page 194
Defining a coordinate system by specifying the locations of points a, b, and c directly......Page 195
Defining a coordinate system by giving two edges......Page 196
Use with two-dimensional solid elements......Page 197
Use with shell, membrane, or gasket elements or contact surfaces......Page 198
Defining rebars in shell, membrane, and surface elements......Page 199
Use with laminated three-dimensional solid elements......Page 200
Use with the kinematic coupling constraint......Page 201
Output......Page 202
2.3 Defining surfaces......Page 203
Overview......Page 205
Why use surfaces?......Page 206
Restrictions on surfaces......Page 207
Defining element-based surfaces......Page 209
Surface discretization......Page 210
Generating the free surface automatically......Page 211
Creating surface facets by specifying solid, continuum shell, and cohesive element faces......Page 213
Generating an interior surface automatically......Page 214
Creating surfaces on structural, surface, and rigid elements......Page 215
Defining single-sided surfaces......Page 217
Defining double-sided surfaces......Page 218
Defining a surface over the cross-section at the ends of beam, pipe, and truss elements......Page 219
Defining a surface along the length of three-dimensional beam, pipe, and truss elements......Page 220
Creating surfaces on gasket elements......Page 221
Creating interior cross-section surfaces......Page 222
The effect of surface trimming......Page 223
Why Abaqus will, by default, trim most surfaces......Page 225
Overview......Page 227
Creating a node-based surface......Page 228
What are analytical rigid surfaces and why use them?......Page 229
Creating an analytical rigid surface......Page 230
Three-dimensional cylindrical rigid surfaces......Page 232
Three-dimensional surfaces of revolution......Page 234
Defining the surface normals......Page 236
Smoothing analytical rigid surfaces......Page 237
Creating an analytical rigid surface in a user subroutine......Page 238
Three-dimensional cylindrical rigid surfaces......Page 239
Union of existing surfaces......Page 241
Creating a cropped surface......Page 242
2.4 Defining rigid bodies......Page 245
What is a rigid body?......Page 247
Creating a rigid body......Page 248
The collection of nodes that constitute the rigid body......Page 249
Assigning elements to a rigid body......Page 251
Assigning analytical surfaces to a rigid body......Page 253
Defining mass and inertia properties by discretization......Page 254
Kinematics of a rigid body......Page 255
Constraints......Page 256
Axisymmetric rigid body......Page 257
Defining loads on rigid bodies......Page 259
Rigid bodies with temperature degrees of freedom......Page 260
Modeling contact with a rigid body......Page 261
Using rigid bodies in geometrically linear Abaqus/Standard €analysis......Page 262
2.5 Defining integrated output sections......Page 263
Introduction......Page 265
The integrated output section reference node......Page 266
The integrated output section local coordinate system......Page 267
Projecting the coordinate system onto the section surface......Page 268
Limitations......Page 269
2.6 Defining nonstructural mass......Page 271
Nonstructural mass......Page 273
Specifying units of mass......Page 274
Distributing the nonstructural mass in proportion to the element structural mass......Page 275
Distributing the nonstructural mass in proportion to the element volume......Page 276
2.7 Defining distributions......Page 277
Distributions......Page 279
Defining a distribution on nodes......Page 280
Defining a distribution table......Page 281
Example 2......Page 282
Example 3......Page 283
2.8 Defining display bodies......Page 285
What is a display body?......Page 287
Using display bodies with connectors......Page 288
Input file template......Page 289
2.9 Defining an assembly......Page 291
Terminology......Page 293
Example......Page 294
Defining a part......Page 295
Example......Page 296
Referring to items between levels......Page 298
Naming conventions......Page 299
Example......Page 301
Sets and surfaces......Page 302
Adding sets and surfaces on restart......Page 303
Materials......Page 304
Examples......Page 305
Translating and rotating a part instance......Page 307
Input file template......Page 309
2.10 Defining matrices......Page 311
Including matrices in a model......Page 313
Using matrices in static analysis......Page 314
Loads......Page 315
Input file template......Page 316
3. Execution Procedures......Page 319
3.1 Execution procedures: overview......Page 321
Overview......Page 323
Environment settings......Page 324
3.2 Execution procedures......Page 325
Command line options......Page 327
Examples......Page 328
Command summary......Page 329
Mutually exclusive options that determine which phases of an analysis are performed......Page 330
Additional options available for the analysis module......Page 331
Running analyses in Abaqus/Explicit......Page 336
Running a co-simulation using Abaqus/Explicit and MADYMO......Page 337
Command line options......Page 339
Running Abaqus/CAE without the graphical user interface......Page 341
Command line options......Page 343
Command line option......Page 345
Command line options......Page 347
Examples......Page 348
Overview......Page 349
Command summary......Page 350
Command line options......Page 351
Example......Page 353
Command line options......Page 355
Example......Page 356
Command line options......Page 357
Querying for user-specified parameter values......Page 358
Command line options......Page 359
Examples......Page 360
Command line options......Page 361
Example......Page 362
Required option......Page 363
Additional options......Page 364
Output database structure......Page 365
Adding information to a report......Page 366
Required options......Page 367
Options to report results data......Page 368
Options to report history output variables......Page 369
Examples......Page 370
Additional options......Page 371
Selecting frames......Page 372
Customizing the combined output database file......Page 373
Examples......Page 374
Command summary......Page 377
Examples......Page 378
Combining specific elements of the substructures......Page 379
Command summary......Page 381
Command line options......Page 382
Command line options......Page 383
Summary of NASTRAN entities translated......Page 385
Command line options......Page 392
Material models......Page 397
Summary of PAM-CRASH entities translated......Page 398
Command line options......Page 403
Material models......Page 405
Summary of RADIOSS entities translated......Page 406
Command summary......Page 409
Command line options......Page 410
Using the translator......Page 411
Command line options......Page 412
Universal file......Page 413
Preparing the Abaqus analysis input file......Page 416
Command summary......Page 417
Command line options......Page 418
Security and support considerations......Page 419
Command line options......Page 420
Creating encrypted files......Page 421
Creating encrypted files that must be included to be used by Abaqus......Page 422
Required option......Page 425
3.3 Environment file settings......Page 427
Environment settings hierarchy......Page 429
Command line default parameters......Page 430
System resource parameters......Page 432
System customization parameters......Page 433
Co-simulation parameters......Page 434
Windows environment file:......Page 435
3.4 Managing memory and disk resources......Page 437
Requirements and considerations......Page 439
Disk management parameters......Page 440
Guidelines for memory settings......Page 441
Abaqus/Standard analysis......Page 442
The standard_memory_policy parameter......Page 443
Setting standard_memory on single-user machines......Page 444
Examples......Page 445
Scratch file management......Page 446
Example: Splitting the factor ( .fct ) file......Page 447
Parallel Lanczos scratch file management......Page 448
3.5 File extension definitions......Page 449
File extensions......Page 451
3.6 FORTRAN unit numbers......Page 457
FORTRAN unit numbers......Page 459
Part II: Output......Page 461
4. Output......Page 463
4.1 Output......Page 465
Controlling the amount of analysis input file processor information written to the data file......Page 467
Contact constraint information......Page 468
Requesting output to the output database......Page 469
The results file......Page 470
Obtaining results at the beginning of a step......Page 471
Controlling the format of the results file in Abaqus/Standard......Page 472
ASCII format......Page 473
The Abaqus/Standard message file......Page 474
Requesting detailed model change printout......Page 475
Monitoring a degree of freedom in the message file......Page 476
The Abaqus/Explicit status file......Page 477
Requesting output of the critical element......Page 478
Requesting output in multiple steps......Page 479
Element matrix output in Abaqus/Standard......Page 480
Controlling the frequency of element matrix output......Page 481
Recovering additional results output from restart data in Abaqus/Standard......Page 482
Example......Page 483
Overview......Page 485
Output to the Abaqus/Standard results file......Page 486
Element output......Page 487
Selecting the element output variables......Page 488
Selecting the position of element integration and section point output in Abaqus/Standard......Page 489
Obtaining element output averaged at the nodes......Page 490
Requesting summaries in the Abaqus/Standard data file......Page 491
Controlling the output during eigenvalue extraction......Page 492
Output of local directions to the results file......Page 493
Node output......Page 494
Specifying the directions for nodal output......Page 495
Abaqus/Standard data file format......Page 496
Selecting the element set for which total energy output is required......Page 497
Modal output from Abaqus/Standard......Page 498
Selecting the surface output variables......Page 499
Default surface output......Page 500
Fastener interaction output from Abaqus/Standard......Page 501
Controlling the frequency of output......Page 502
Defining the surface section......Page 503
Selecting the coordinate system in which output is desired......Page 504
User-specified local system......Page 505
Vector output in the section......Page 507
Limitations when using section output requests......Page 508
Overview......Page 511
Requesting history output......Page 512
Controlling the output frequency......Page 513
Specifying output frequency in number of intervals......Page 514
Specifying output frequency in time points......Page 515
Specifying field output frequency in number of intervals......Page 518
Default field output......Page 519
Requesting output in multiple steps......Page 520
Replacing or removing an output request......Page 521
Requesting procedure-specific preselected output requests......Page 522
Selecting eigenmodes desired for output in Abaqus/Standard......Page 527
Specifying the section point in beam, shell, and layered solid elements......Page 528
Obtaining output at the integration points......Page 529
Extrapolation and interpolation of element output variables......Page 530
Specifying the directions for element output......Page 531
Requesting preselected output......Page 532
Defining tracer particles......Page 533
Field output at tracer particles......Page 534
Controlling the output frequency at tracer particles......Page 535
Specifying the surface for integrated output directly......Page 536
Requesting integrated output for “force-flow” studies......Page 537
Requesting preselected output......Page 538
Limitations when using integrated output requests......Page 539
Controlling the output frequency......Page 541
Defining a low-pass Infinite Impulse Response filter......Page 542
Start-up conditions for the filter......Page 543
Modal output from Abaqus/Standard......Page 544
Selecting the surface output variables......Page 545
Field output......Page 546
Selecting the incrementation output variables......Page 547
Selecting the fastener interactions for which output is required......Page 548
Selecting the region of the model for which radiation output is required......Page 549
Abaqus/Standard example......Page 550
Abaqus/Explicit example......Page 551
4.2 Output variables......Page 553
Symbols used in the tables......Page 555
Direction definitions for element variables......Page 556
Strain output......Page 557
Principal value output......Page 558
Tensors and associated principal values and invariants......Page 559
Additional element stresses......Page 564
Energy densities......Page 565
Composite failure measures......Page 566
Concrete cracking and additional plasticity......Page 567
Heat transfer analysis......Page 568
Cohesive elements......Page 569
Porous metal plasticity quantities......Page 570
Random response analysis......Page 571
Steady-state dynamic analysis......Page 573
Element section variables......Page 576
Frame elements......Page 578
Whole element variables......Page 579
Connector elements......Page 581
Whole element energy density variables......Page 585
Nodal variables......Page 587
Acoustic quantities......Page 590
Steady-state dynamic analysis......Page 591
Modal dynamic, steady-state, and random response analysis......Page 592
Random response analysis......Page 593
Modal variables......Page 595
Mechanical analysis–whole surface quantities......Page 596
Coupled thermal-electrical analysis......Page 597
Bond failure quantities......Page 598
All analysis types......Page 599
Adaptive mesh domains......Page 600
Equivalent rigid body motion variables......Page 601
Inertia relief output variables......Page 602
Complex eigenvalue extraction......Page 603
Total energy output quantities......Page 604
Solution-dependent amplitude variables......Page 605
Direction definitions for element variables......Page 607
Tensor output......Page 608
Tensors and invariants......Page 609
Energy densities......Page 611
Porous metal plasticity quantities......Page 612
Failure with progressive damage......Page 613
Rebar quantities......Page 614
Element section variables......Page 615
Whole element variables......Page 616
Connector elements......Page 618
Element face variables......Page 621
Nodal variables......Page 622
Fluid cavity variables......Page 623
Mechanical analysis–nodal quantities......Page 624
Mechanical analysis–whole surface quantities......Page 625
Integrated variables......Page 626
Total energy output......Page 627
Time increment and mass output......Page 628
4.3 The postprocessing calculator......Page 631
Running the calculator......Page 633
5. File Output Format......Page 635
5.1 Accessing the results file......Page 637
Accessing information in the results file......Page 639
Record format......Page 641
Records written for any file output request......Page 642
Record written once per eigenvalue in natural frequency extraction......Page 644
Records written once per increment......Page 645
Records written for any element file output request......Page 646
Principal value records......Page 655
Records for brittle cracking......Page 656
Records for elastic-plastic response in frame elements......Page 657
Records for connector elements......Page 658
Record for plane stress orthotropic failure measures......Page 660
Records for two-layer viscoplasticity......Page 661
Record for forced convection/diffusion heat transfer elements......Page 662
Records for coupled thermal-electric elements......Page 663
Records for equivalent rigid body variables in direct-integration implicit dynamic analyses......Page 664
Records for connector elements (available only for linear dynamics)......Page 665
Record for solid elements in an adaptive mesh domain in Abaqus/Standard......Page 668
Records written for any node file output request......Page 669
Records for linear dynamics......Page 671
Records written for any modal file output request during mode-based dynamic analysis......Page 673
Records written for any element matrix or substructure matrix file output request......Page 674
Record written for any energy file output request......Page 676
Records written for contour integrals......Page 678
Record written for crack propagation analysis......Page 679
Deformable surfaces......Page 680
Records written for any contact surface file output request......Page 681
Records written once for any file output request when cavities are defined......Page 685
Records written for any radiation file output request......Page 686
For all analysis types......Page 687
For coupled pore fluid diffusion-stress analyses......Page 688
Procedure type keys......Page 689
Reading floating point and integer variables......Page 691
Example......Page 692
Writing a file in the results file format......Page 694
Variable to be provided to the utility routine......Page 695
Interface......Page 696
Variables to be provided to the utility routine......Page 697
Variables returned from the utility routine......Page 698
Examples......Page 699
OI.1 Abaqus/Standard Output Variable Index......Page 701
OI.2 Abaqus/Explicit Output Variable Index......Page 707