A Tale of Two Collectors: The Lithic Collections of Geoffrey Taylor and David Heys With Particular Reference to the County of Yorkshire

Cover\nTitle Page\nCopyright Page\nContents Page\nAcknowledgements\nList of Figures\n	Chapter 1: The Geoffrey Taylor and David Heys Collections\n		Figure 1.1: Geoffrey Vivian Taylor 1924–1997\n		Figure 1.2: David Heys b. 1937\n		Figure 1.3: Location of North York Moors, showing principal topographical regions across north-eastern England (after Manby et al. 2003, 3 figure 2)\n		Figure 1.4: View of the Vale of Mowbray and Gormire Lake from Sutton Bank (looking west)\n		Figure 1.5: North York Moors: South and West Region – Areas of principal interest 1–5 (red rectangles), Central Region – principal sites (either identified or estimated) indicated by X\n		Figure 1.6: Western edge of North York Moors showing locations of principal prehistoric sites (© Crown Copyright Ordnance Survey. All rights reserved)\n		Figure 1.7: ‘Silver Hills tumulus’, from W (line of Hesketh Dyke to right)\n		Figure 1.8: ‘Gallops tumulus’ (from the south)\n		Figure 1.9: Taylor’s sketch map naming the fields at Dialstone Farm (Locations 10–29) (south–north left to right, distance approx. 3km)\n		Figure 1.10: View of fields surrounding Dialstone Farm looking north along the Cleveland Way – ‘Car Park Field’ (Site 23) to the left\n		Figure 1.11: ‘Hut Field Bank’ (Site 18) looking east from the south-west corner of ‘Hut Field’ (Site 20) viewed from Whitestone Cliff Edge (Radio mast indicates centre of Dialstone Farm just over the skyline)\n		Figure 1.12: Locations 1–73 (Locations 29, 30, 63, 68 and Valley View Farm off-map) (© Crown Copyright Ordnance Survey. All rights reserved)\n		Figure 1.13: Locations 74–114 (© Crown Copyright Ordnance Survey. All rights reserved)\n		Figure 1.14: Locations 115–124 (© Crown Copyright Ordnance Survey. All rights reserved)\n		Figure 1.15: Locations 125–126 (© Crown Copyright Ordnance Survey. All rights reserved)\n		Figure 1.16: Locations 127–141 (© Crown Copyright Ordnance Survey. All rights reserved)\n		Figure 1.17: Locations 142–160 (©: Crown Copyright Ordnance Survey. All rights reserved)\n		Figure 1.18: Drawings of lithics, Sheet 1 (arrowheads) (23: Car Park Field, Dialstone Farm) (Taylor)\n		Figure 1.19: Drawings of lithics, Sheet G (Dialstone Farm) (Taylor)\n		Figure 1.20: Diary 2, pp. 100–101 showing entries for 29th September and 6th October 1990 (note sketch maps indicating the locations and detailed drawings of each find)\n		Figure 1.21: Diary 4, pp. 34–5 showing entry for 31st May 1994\n		Figure 1.22: Foliate knife/dagger (Heys collection: H787.1*) (Site 83#)\n	Chapter 2: Databases and Identification\n		Figure 2.1: Selection of microliths/microlith fragments from the Heys collection\n		Figure 2.2: Selection of arrowheads from the Heys collection\n		Figure 2.3: Selection (mostly knives) from the Heys collection\n		Figure 2.4: Selection (axeheads and knives) from the Heys collection\n		Figure 2.5: Selection from the Heys collection\n		Figure 2.6: Selection from the Heys collection\n		Figure 2.7: Selection from the Taylor collection (Taylor Database 2: Tray7) (Example of one of the twelve trays of artefacts in the Taylor collection)\n		Figure 2.8: Selection from the Taylor collection (168: E of Cow Ridge, near Parci Gill, Bilsdale W Moor)\n		Figure 2.9: Selection from the Taylor collection (20: Hut Field, Dialstone Farm)\n		Figure 2.10: Polished Gp VI axehead (T2.7.17.1) (93–4: S of Cold Cam Farm)\n		Figure 2.11: Selection from the Taylor collection (23: Car Park Field, Dialstone Farm)\n		Figure 2.12: Selection from the Taylor collection (168: E of Cow Ridge, near Parci Gill, Bilsdale W Moor)\n		Figure 2.13: Taylor collection (244: Round Hill, Blubberhouses Moor) (T18.32.1-18)\n		Figure 2.14: Selection from the Taylor and Heys collections (348: Langdale Pikes, Cumbria)\n		Figure 2.15: (Left:) Lower Palaeolithic hand-axe (T18.97.1) (Wanstead Gravel Pit, July 1899)\n		Figure 2.16: (Right: ) Lower Palaeolithic hand-axe and fragments (H886.1–6) (Barton-on-Sea, Hants.)\n	Chapter 3: Featured Artefacts and Artefact Groups\n		Figure 3.1: Discoidal knife (H598.1) (165: Arnsgill Ridge, Snilesworth Moor)\n		Figure 3.2: Discoidal knife (T1.272.1) (91: White Barrow Field, Cold Cam Farm)\n		Figure 3.3: Selection of discoidal knives from the Heys collection\n		Figure 3.4: Discoidal knife (H363A.1) (41-62: Murton)\n		Figure 3.5: Discoidal knife fragment (T6.280.6) (168: Cow Ridge N, Bilsdale W Moor)\n		Figure 3.9: (Right) Discoidal knife ‘from North Yorkshire’ (Yorkshire Museum YORYM : 5039) (© YMT, CC BY-SA 4.0)\n		Figure 3.10: Worked flake of Arran pitchstone (T2.10.18.2) (23: Car Park Field, Dialstone Farm) (© J.A. Sheridan)\n		Figure 3.11: Distribution of Arran pitchstone across northern Britain (after Ballin 2015a) (© Creative Commons Licence, courtesy of T.B. Ballin)\n		Figure 3.12: Haematite ‘rubber’ (T2.7.1.2) (23: Car Park Field, Dialstone Farm) two views\n		Figure 3.13: Bronze axehead/axehead ingot (T2.7.2.1) (188: Bransdale Ridge, Bilsdale E Moor) (front and side views) (© R. Banens)\n		Figure 3.14: Bronze axehead, Lockton (from Elgee 1930, plate X fig. 2)\n		Figure 3.15: Roman silver denarius Maximinus I (AD 235–8) (T1.228A.1) (40: Silver Coin Field, Long Plain Farm) (image digitally enhanced by the author)\n		Figure 3.16: Edward I silver penny (T3.5.1) (1: Field 4, High Paradise Farm)\n		Figure 3.17: Edward I silver penny (London mint) (© Portable Antiquities Scheme CC BY 2.0)\n		Figure 3.18: William III silver sixpence/love token (T2.4.3.3) (22: Car Park Field Bank, Dialstone Farm)\n		Figure 3.19: William III silver sixpence (© Portable Antiquities Scheme CC BY 2.0)\n		Figure 3.20: Romano-British (?) plain glass bead (fragment) (H348.2) (41–62: Murton)\n		Figure 3.21: Victorian? annular glass bead (T1.43.9) (20: Hut Field, Dialstone Farm) (© R. Banens)\n		Figure 3.22: Romano-British glass bangle fragment (T1.247.2) (138: Beacon House Farm, Ampleforth) (© R. Banens)\n		Figure 3.23: Extrapolated inner diameter (T1.247.2) (© R. Banens/K. Boughey)\n		Figure 3.24: Romano-British glass bangle fragment (T2.10.16.3) (23: Car Park Field, Dialstone Farm) (© J.A. Sheridan)\n		Figure 3.25: Extrapolated inner diameter (T2.10.16.3) (© J.A. Sheridan/K. Boughey)\n		Figure 3.26: Romano-British glass bangle (York Museum Trust: YORYM : 2006. 2857) (© YMT, CC BY-SA 4.0)\n		Figure 3.27: Romano-British glass bangle (York Museum Trust: YORYM : HG5) (© YMT, CC BY-SA 4.0)\n		Figure 3.28: Romano-British glass bangle fragment (York Museum Trust: YORYM : 22.6193) (© YMT, CC BY-SA 4.0)\n		Figure 3.29: Map showing the award of jet mining contracts on the North York Moors (Based on an original by Helen Muller; reproduced courtesy of Rebecca Tucker, W. Hamond Museum of Whitby Jet)\n		Figure 3.30: Fragment of possible ‘monster bead’ (T2.10.19.4): exterior surface and (right) fracture surface showing exposed perforation (23: Car Park Field, Dialstone Farm) (©: J.A. Sheridan)\n		Figure 3.31: Fragment of possible ‘monster bead’ roughout (T1.95.7): exterior surface and (right) fracture surface showing exposed perforation (28: opposite Hut Field, Dialstone Farm)\n		Figure 3.32: Belt slider fragment (T2.3.11.2) (23: Car Park Field, Dialstone Farm) (Photo © J.A. Sheridan; drawing © M. O’Neil)\n		Figure 3.33: V-perforated button (H12.2) (1–5: High Paradise) (Photos: © J.A. Sheridan; drawing: © M. O’Neil)\n		Figure 3.34: V-perforated button (T3.B097.6) (41: Big Field N of crossroads, Murton)\n		Figure 3.35: V-perforated button (H435.2) (87–92: Cold Cam Farm) (Photos: © J.A. Sheridan; drawing: © M. O’Neil)\n		Figure 3.36: Roughout for a low-domed V-perforated button (H672A.1) (10–29: Dialstone Farm). Note the ‘starter’ drill-hole marks on the underside (right) (© J.A. Sheridan)\n		Figure 3.37: Broken roughout for small conical V-perforated button (T2.12.13.3) (23: Car Park Field, Dialstone Farm) (© J.A. Sheridan)\n		Figure 3.38: Jet wristguard (T2.7.12.1) (20: Hut Field, Dialstone Farm) (Photos: © J.A. Sheridan; drawing: © M. O’Neil)\n		Figure 3.39: Cliffe wristguard; note the remains of the V-perforation on the underside (Photos courtesy of Ann Woodward)\n		Figure 3.40: Fragment of decorated trapezoidal V-perforated object (T2.7.13.2) (26: Jet Buckle field, Dialstone Farm) (Photos: © J.A. Sheridan; drawing: © M. O’ Neil)\n		Figure 3.41: V-perforated cannel coal object, probably a belt fitting, from the Law, Dundee (After Sturrock 1880; reproduced with permission of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland)\n		Figure 3.42: Photograph of the V-perforated object from The Law, Dundee, orientated at 90º to its probable orientation of use (From Clarke et al. 1985; © National Museums Scotland)\n		Figure 3.43: Dialstone Farm and Dundee Law trapezoidal V-perforated objects compared with the Bush Barrow gold belt hook. Shown roughly to scale; note that the orientation is at 90º to the probable orientation of use, as the hook would fasten in a horizon\n		Figure 3.44: Fragment of possible belt ring (T2.12.20.5) (23: Car Park Field, Dialstone Farm) (Photo © J.A. Sheridan; drawing © M. O’Neil)\n		Figure 3.45: Slender fusiform bead (T2.6.8.4) that could have been from an Early Bronze Age jet spacer-plate necklace (23: Car Park Field) (Photo: © J.A. Sheridan; drawing: © M. O’Neil)\n		Figure 3.46: Fragment of a plumper fusiform bead (T1.239.2) (125: Arch Field, Duncombe Park) (Photo: © J.A. Sheridan; drawing: © M. O’Neil)\n		Figure 3.47: Fragmentary squat, bulbous bead (T2.9.4.1) (23: Car Park Field, Dialstone Farm) (© J.A. Sheridan)\n		Figure 3.48: Broken, final-stage roughout for squat, bulbous bead (T2.11.24) (23: Car Park Field, Dialstone Farm) (© J.A. Sheridan)\n		Figure 3.49: Half of long cylindrical bead (T2.4.17.2) (22: Car Park Field Bank, Dialstone Farm) (© J.A. Sheridan and K. Boughey)\n		Figure 3.50: Inner face, side, and outer face of large dished ear stud (T1.208.3) (11: Turkey Farm, Dialstone Farm) (© J.A. Sheridan)\n		Figure 3.51: Fragment of ‘napkin ring’ (T1.187.10) (25: Plantation Field, Dialstone Farm) (Photos: © J.A. Sheridan; drawing: Marion O’Neil)\n		Figure 3.52: Fragment of ‘napkin ring’ (T1.221.2) (4: Urn Field, Boltby) (© J.A. Sheridan)\n		Figure 3.53: Striated, concave object of unidentified non-jet material that is probably not Bronze Age and is not a ‘napkin ring’ fragment (T2.4.1.1) (23: Car Park Field, Dialstone Farm) (© J.A. Sheridan)\n		Figure 3.54: Annular object (T1.75.3) (20: Hut Field, Dialstone Farm) (© J.A. Sheridan)\n		Figure 3.55: Fragment of highly polished, irregularly annular object (T2.11.13.2) (unknown location) (note: the item is so shiny that the original photographic scale is reflected on its surface) (© J.A. Sheridan)\n		Figure 3.56: Annular object with thong-wear (T21.37.1) (23: Car Park Field, Dialstone Farm)\n		Figure 3.57: Example of a bangle fragment (T1.135.8) (20: Hut Field, Dialstone Farm). Three small holes had been drilled beside one end, but of these, only the central one passes through the hoop; the others are incomplete (© J.A. Sheridan)\n		Figure 3.58: Left: Perforated bangle fragment (T1.151.8); right: Bangle fragment with cut marks on interior of hoop (T1.130.17) (20: Hut Field, Dialstone Farm) (©: Marion O’Neil)\n		Figure 3.59: Fragment of finger ring (T2.12.19.9) (23: Car Park Field, Dialstone Farm) (© J.A. Sheridan)\n		Figure 3.60: Core from the manufacture of an annular object (T1.111.10) (12: Cemetery Field, Dialstone Farm) (© J.A. Sheridan)\n		Figure 3.61: Fragments of thin dyed pressed horn plates with foliate design, possibly both from the same object (T1.104.27–8, with 27 on right) (20: Hut Field, Dialstone Farm) (© J.A. Sheridan)\n		Figure 3.62: Dyed pressed horn brooch fragment with ‘Classical’ design (T2.2.9.1) (23: Car Park Field, Dialstone Farm) (Photos: © J.A. Sheridan)\n		Figure 3.63: Floral black glass brooch fragment (T3.B7117.2) (N of Wethercote Lane, opposite Murton)\n		Figure 3.64: Modern jet roughout for a pendant or brooch? (T3.B298.42) (171: Bilsdale W Moor)\n	Chapter 4: Excavations\n		Figure 4.1: Boltby Urn Excavation (drawing in Taylor Diary 3, 37 (23.02.92))\n		Figure 4.4: Battle-axehead (H4.1) (4: Low Paradise, Boltby)\n		Figure 4.5: Battle-axehead (H4.1) (4: Low Paradise, Boltby) (as reproduced in Heys and Taylor 1998) (© T.G. Manby)\n		Figure 4.6: Battle-axehead (Hunmanby) (from Evans 1897, 185 fig. 118\n		Figure 4.7: Axehead-hammer (Rudston) (from Evans 1897, 195 fig. 127)\n		Figure 4.8: UK (excluding N. Ireland) distribution of battle-axeheads (from Roe 1979, 27 fig. 4) (courtesy of the CBA)\n		Figure 4.9: Distribution of battle-axeheads across the North York Moors (from Spratt 1993, 106 fig. 43) (note the proximity of the Boltby battle-axehead from Low Paradise to that from Hambleton Down) (courtesy of the CBA)\n		Figure 4.10: Cremated bone fragments (T4.B018.3) (20: Hut Field, Dialstone Farm)\n		Figure 4.11: Cremated bone fragments (T4.B018.4) (20: Hut Field, Dialstone Farm)\n		Figure 4.12: Plan of barrow mound and location of finds (with key) (Taylor) (41: Big Field, Murton SE 5102 8821) (faint broken parallel lines indicate the passes made over the mound by Heys and Taylor)\n		Figure 4.13: Large unburnt bone fragments (T4.B103.1–6) (41: Big Field, Murton SE 5102 8821)\n		Figure 4.14: Cremated bone fragments (T4.B103.7–41) (41: Big Field, Murton SE 5102 8821)\n		Figure 4.15: (Left) Lower jawbone fragment with teeth in situ (T4.B103.42) (41: Big Field, Murton SE 5102 8821)\n		Figure 4.16: (Right)Assorted pieces (T4.B103.43–48) (41: Big Field, Murton SE 5102 8821) 43: lump of charcoal, 44: piece of quartz, 45–48: worked flakes\n		Figure 4.17:  Estimated site of Money Howe excavation (indicated by x) (© Crown Copyright Ordnance Survey. All rights reserved)\n		Figure 4.18: Estimated site of ‘Pointed Stone’ excavations area (indicated by x) (© Crown Copyright Ordnance Survey. All rights reserved)\n		Figure 4.19: Sketch map of sites at ‘Pointed Stone’, Bilsdale E Moor (Taylor) (Black square indicates excavation area illustrated in Figure 4.20)\n		Figure 4.20: ‘Pointed Stone’ excavation plan and section (Taylor) (Area indicated by black square in Figure 4.19)\n		Figure 4.21: Great and Little (South) Haw, Masham Moor, Nidderdale (© Crown Copyright Ordnance Survey. All rights reserved)\n		Figure 4.22: South Haw, Masham Moor SE 087 788 approx. (T18.1.1–15) 1–10: microliths, 11: retouched piece, 12–13: splinted pieces, 14: microlith by-product, 15: core\n		Figure 4.23: South Haw, Masham Moor SE 087 788 approx. (T18.1.16–21) 16: waste/pointed blade?, 17: blade (proximal fragment), 18: awl; 19–20: pointed blades. 21: notched pointed blade/burin\n		Figure 4.24: South Haw, Masham Moor SE 087 788 approx. (T18.1.22–29) 22–23: microliths, 24–25: retouched pieces, 26: splinted piece, 27–29: cores\n		Figure 4.25: South Haw, Masham Moor (T18.1.30–33) 30, 32–33: blades, 31: awl/borer\n		Figure 4.26: South Haw, Masham Moor SE 087 788 approx. (T18.1.34–38) 34–35: microliths, 36–37: cores, 38: chert core\n		Figure 4.27: South Haw, Masham Moor SE 087 788 approx. (T18.1.39–45) 39: rod microlith, 40: microlith, 41: waste/arrowhead (proximal fragment (?), 42: burin/borer (?), 43: worked flake, 44–45: chert waste/awls/borers (?)\n		Figure 4.28: 165: Arnsgill Ridge SE 524 967 (T5.237.1–15) 1–3: cores, 4: chert burin/blade, 5: retouched blade, 6: retouched blade (terminal fragment), 7–9: retouched blades, 10–15: microliths/microlith fragments\n		Figure 4.29: 171: Bilsdale West Moor, Cow Ridge, near Parci Gill ruins SE 538 952 (T6.258.1–8) 1–4: retouched blades, 5–8: burins\n		Figure 4.30: 171: Bilsdale West Moor (T7.300.1–30) 1–4,6,10,11: cores, 5,7–9: cores/waste, 12–14: waste, 15: thumb scraper, 16: retouched blade/plano-convex knife, 17–18: blades, 19–20: blades (terminal fragments), 21: blade (medial fragment), 22: notched\n		Figure 4.31: 181: Bilsdale East Moor (T8.352.1–21) 1–8: scrapers, 9–10: thumb scrapers, 11: scraper fragment, 12–13: thumb scraper fragments, 14: scraper, 15: worked flake, 16: saw, 17: denticulate blade/knife (medial fragment), 18: worked blade, 19: reto\n		Figure 4.32: 179: Bilsdale East Moor: Money Howe SE 596 951 non-excavation material (T8.382.1–12) 1,2,4: waste, 3: core/waste, 5: retouched blade (fragment), 6,8: burins, 7: pointed blade, 9–10: blades, 11–12: blades (terminal fragments)\n		Figure 4.33: Round Hill N, Blubberhouses Moor SE 123 535 approx. (T18.61.1–20) 1–3: waste/burins?, 4: blade, 5–6: burin spalls, 7: microlith (retouched piece), 8–11: microliths (backed bladelets), 12–20: microliths (backed pieces)\nList of Tables\n	Chapter 1: The Geoffrey Taylor and David Heys Collections\n		Table 1.1: Regional distribution of worked1 pieces\n		Table 1.2: Distribution of jet pieces\n	Chapter 3: Featured Artefacts and Artefact Groups\n		Table 3.1: Discoidal knives (in order of lithic no)\n		Table 3.2: Bronze/copper alloy artefacts\n		Table 3.3: Coins\n		Table 3.4: Glass artefacts\n		Table 3.5: Jet artefacts – Neolithic\n		Table 3.6: V-perforated buttons\n		Table 3.7: Beads and bead roughouts of definite and possible Early Bronze Age date\n		Table 3.8: ‘Napkin ring’ fragments\n		Table 3.9: Annular objects\n		Table 3.10: Bangle fragments and bangle roughout core\n		Table 3.11: Finger ring fragment and core from the roughout of an annular object\n		Table 3.12: Late Victorian artefacts of jet and substitute materials\n	Chapter 4: Excavations\n		Table 4.1: Radiocarbon dates obtained within Yorkshire from material in direct association with Collared Urns\nAbstract\nThe Author\nChapter 1: The Geoffrey Taylor and David Heys Collections\n	Introduction\n	Geoffrey Taylor\n	David Heys\n	Archive Access\n	Collecting Areas\n	South and West North York Moors – Prehistoric Setting\n	Locations of sites\n		Dialstone Farm\n	Identification of sites\n	Maps\n	Recording and Illustration\nChapter 2: Databases and Identification\n	Databases\n	Identification of individual lithics\n	Analysis of the Taylor and Heys Collections\nChapter 3: Featured Artefacts and Artefact Groups\n	Discoidal knives (Keith Boughey and Alison Sheridan)\n	Arran pitchstone\n	Haematite\n	Bronze axehead/axehead ingot\n	Coins\n	Glass\n	Jet/Jet-like artefacts\n		Neolithic (Alison Sheridan)\n		Chalcolithic?/Early Bronze Age (Alison Sheridan)\n		Items that are likely to date to the Late Iron Age/Romano-British period (Fraser Hunter and Alison Sheridan)\n		Late Victorian and modern artefacts of jet and substitute materials\n		Modern\n		Jet items of indeterminate date\nChapter 4: Excavations\n	South and West Region (Early Bronze Age Excavations 1–3)\n		Excavation 1 (Low Paradise Wood, Boltby)\n		Excavation 2 (Dialstone Farm)\n		Excavation 3 (Murton Common)\n	Central Region (Mesolithic Excavations)\n		‘Pointed Stone’ and Money Howe\n	Nidderdale\n		South Haw, Masham Moor and Round Hill, Blubberhouses Moor\n	Summary\nAppendices\n	Appendix 1: Databases\n			Heys Database\n			Taylor Database\n	Appendix 2: Database of jet and jet-like items\n			Heys Collection\n			Taylor Collection\n	Appendix 3: Locations of Sites\n	Appendix 4: Figures & Photographs\n			Heys Photographs\n			Taylor Figures\n			Taylor Photographs\n	Appendix 5: Taylor Diaries 1–4 (1983–1997)\n	Appendix 6: Battle-axeheads from Yorkshire\n	Appendix 7: Lincolnshire\nBibliography