A Systemic Transition to Circular Economy: Business and Technology Perspectives (Greening of Industry Networks Studies, 12)

Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Editors
Chapter 1: Introduction: Circular Economy as a Part of the New and Sustainable Economy in the Twenty-first Century
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Introduction to the Content of the Book
	1.3 Conclusion
	References
Part I: Business and Systems Transitions
	Chapter 2: A Value Flow Perspective in the Circular Business Model
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Linear Business Model Versus Circular Business Models
		2.3 Towards CBM: Building Value in Circular Logic
		2.4 Challenges and Opportunities for Value Generation in the Circular Economy
		2.5 Current Scenario and Trends
		2.6 Discussion and Results
		2.7 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 3: The Design of Sustainable Product-Service Systems to Foster Circular Economy for All
		3.1 An Introduction: System Design for Sustainability as a Key Enabler for Circular Economy
			3.1.1 Circular Economy and Sustainable Product-Service Systems (S.PSS): Synergy of Approaches and Knowledge Base
		3.2 Sustainable Product-Service Systems (S.PSS): An Opportunity to Foster Circular Economy Businesses and Technologies
			3.2.1 Sustainable Product-Service System: A Win-Win Opportunity for Sustainability
			3.2.2 S.PSS Applied to CE: Examples and Types
		3.3 S.PSS Win-Win Promising Benefits to Diffuse Circular Economy Solutions
			3.3.1 Benefits Related to Products’ Technical Cycle
			3.3.2 Benefits Related to Products’ Biological Cycle
		3.4 S.PSS Win-Win Promising Benefits to Make Circular Economy Solutions Accessible for All
		3.5 Designing S.PSS Applied to CE for All: Approaches, Skills, and a Method
			3.5.1 Method for System Design for Sustainability (MSDS)
		3.6 Discussion and Final Considerations
		References
	Chapter 4: Initiating a Minimum Viable Ecosystem for Circularity
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Theoretical Background: How to Initiate Ecosystems for a Circular Economy
			4.2.1 Origins and Evolution of the Ecosystem Concept
			4.2.2 Ecosystems and the Circular Economy
			4.2.3 Research Gap and Contribution
		4.3 Method: Identifying Important Activities from the Literature and Three Cases
		4.4 Results: Activities to Initiate an Ecosystem for a Circular Economy
			4.4.1 Put Forward a Circular Economy Vision
			4.4.2 Design an Ecosystem Value Proposition and Outcome
			4.4.3 Identify and Engage Relevant Actors
			4.4.4 Develop an Initial Governance Model
			4.4.5 Develop Fair Value Capture Mechanisms
			4.4.6 Keep Track of Environmental and Social Impacts
		4.5 Discussion and Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 5: Organizational Practices, Values, and Mindsets as a Basis for Circular Economy Transition
		5.1 Starting the Pathway Toward a Circular Business System
			5.1.1 The Organizational Journey
		5.2 Organizational Values and Organizational/Consumer Mindsets: Enablers for a Circular Economy Transition
		5.3 Circular Organizational Practices
		5.4 The CE Transition Pathway
		5.5 Final Remarks
		References
	Chapter 6: From Socio-technical Innovations to Ecological Transitions: A Multilevel Perspective on Circular Economy
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Circular Economy as a Set of Different Worldviews
		6.3 How to Design a Circular Economy: Eco-efficient Networks or Eco-effective Ecologies
			6.3.1 Building an Economy on Eco-efficient Networks
			6.3.2 Eco-effectiveness for an Economy Mimicking Living Systems
		6.4 Developing a Multi-level Perspective: Which Circular Economy?
		6.5 From a Circular to a Nutrient Economy: Centralized or Distributed?
		6.6 Concluding Remarks
		References
Part II: Business Strategies, Processes, Practices, and Technologies
	Chapter 7: The Importance of Circular Economy in HP Sustainable Impact Strategy
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 HP Sustainable Impact Strategy and Its Circular Economy Centricity
		7.3 HP Circular Economy Approach and Initiatives
			7.3.1 Product Design
				7.3.1.1 Increase Materials and Energy Efficiency
				7.3.1.2 Use More Recycled Content, Tackling Ocean Plastic Pollution as Well
				7.3.1.3 Replace Materials of Concern
				7.3.1.4 Reduce Carbon and Water Footprint
				7.3.1.5 Addressing Impact Over Forests
				7.3.1.6 Maintenance, Repairability, and Upgradability
			7.3.2 Product End-of-Life
			7.3.3 Disrupt Industry Business Models
			7.3.4 Digitize Supply Chains and Production
		7.4 Advancing Toward a More Inclusive Circular Economy
		7.5 Final Remarks
		References
	Chapter 8: Purchasing and Supply Management Journey into Unilever’s Circular Economy Strategy
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Recycled Plastics Agenda: A New Sourcing Ecosystem to Develop
		8.3 Sustainable Sourcing: Palm Oil Case
		8.4 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 9: Circular Economy in the Paperboard Industry: Ibema Cases
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 The Forest and Society
		9.3 Planted Forests in Brazil
		9.4 Renewables in the Process: Energy
		9.5 Ibema Cases
		9.6 Royal Coppa
		9.7 Ritagli
		9.8 Business Evolution
		References
	Chapter 10: Circular Economy Principles in Urban Agri-Food Systems: Potentials and Implications for Environmental Sustainability
		10.1 Growing Importance of Urban Agriculture Systems
		10.2 Potential of the Circular Economy in Urban Agri-Food Systems
		10.3 Circular Enconomy as a Mean: A Life Cycle Perspective
		10.4 Benefits and Trade-Offs: A Series of Cases
		10.5 Rainwater Harvesting
		10.6 Closed-Loop Hydroponic Cultivation
		10.7 Use of Recovered Resources: Struvite as a Secondary Fertilizer
		10.8 Use of Recovered Resources: Alternative Substrates
		10.9 Added-Value Secondary Products from Urban Agriculture
		10.10 Circularity Assessment of Urban Agri-Food Systems: How to Link It with Environmental Performance
		10.11 Importance of Geographical Scales
		10.12 Identifying and Addressing Environmental Burden-Shifting Processes
		10.13 Final Remarks and Upcoming Challenges
		References
	Chapter 11: A Systems Perspective on the Industry 4.0 Technologies as Enablers of Circular Economy Transitions
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Circular Economy: A Systems Perspective
		11.3 Industry 4.0 Technologies
		11.4 Enabling CE Through the Adoption of Industry 4.0 Technologies
		11.5 Final Remarks
		References
	Chapter 12: Psychological and Systemic Factors Influencing Behaviour in Circular Consumption Systems. Lessons from the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods and Apparel Industries
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Consumer Behaviour in Circular Consumption Systems
			12.2.1 Circular Consumer Behaviour
			12.2.2 Behaviour Chains in Circular Consumption Systems
			12.2.3 Psychological and Systemic Factors Influencing Circular Consumer Behaviour
		12.3 Psychological Factors Influencing Circular Behaviour: Circular Apparel Consumption Systems
			12.3.1 Understanding Consumer Types: Human Values
			12.3.2 Understanding Consumer Perspectives: Human Perceptions
			12.3.3 Psychological Factors in Context: Clothing Reuse and Recycling
		12.4 Systemic Factors Influencing Circular Behaviour: Circular FMCG Consumption Systems
			12.4.1 Enabling Circular Behaviour: Products and Infrastructure
			12.4.2 Instructing Circular Behaviour: Education
			12.4.3 Nudging Circular Behaviour: Persuasive Communication and Incentives
			12.4.4 Systemic Factors in Context: FMCG Reuse
		12.5 Conclusions
		References
Index