A Survey of Chinese Literature

Translator’s Notes
Contents
About the Author
1 Preface: Characteristics of Chinese Literature and Literary Criticism
	1 What Is Chinese Literature
	2 Values of Emotion
	3 Comprehension of Transcendental Sensibility
	4 Core Meanings of Idea-Image
	5 Development of Classical Chinese Literary Criticism
	References
2 Idea-Image
	1 The Creation of Idea-Image
		1.1 Creation of Images
		1.2 Expression of Idea
		1.3 Unity of Idea and Image
	2 Features of Idea-Image Creation
		2.1 Integrating Emotion into Scene
		2.2 Idea as Core
	3 Features of Idea-Image
		3.1 Mentality of Unity of Nature and Man
		3.2 Integration of Emotion and Scene
		3.3 Imagination as Intermediary, Bixing as Inspiration
		3.4 Materialization of Linguistic Style
	References
3 On Refinement and Popularity
	1 Historical Evolution of Refined and Popular Literatures
		1.1 Poetry’s Transition: From Popular to Refined
		1.2 Lyrics: From Popular to Refined
		1.3 Drama and Novels: From the Popular to the Refined
	2 Transformation of Refined and Popular Concept
		2.1 Origin of Refined and Popular Concepts
		2.2 Refined and Popular Concepts in Daoism and Chan Buddhism
		2.3 Valuing Refinement or Popularity and Appealing to Both
	3 Relationship Between Refined and Popular Literatures
		3.1 Popularity as Root of Refinement
		3.2 Complement Between Refinement and Popularity
		3.3 Historical Change from Popularity to Refinement
		3.4 Popularization and Renaissance of Refined Literature
	References
4 On Style
	1 Style of Region
		1.1 Geographic and Environmental Difference
		1.2 North–South Differences
		1.3 Integration of Differences
	2 Style of Time
		2.1 Influence of Sociopolitical Environment
		2.2 Subjective Disposition and Linguistic Form
		2.3 Cultural Trends and Style Changes
	3 Style of Genre
		3.1 Genre and Style
		3.2 Style of Poetry and Lyric
		3.3 Detailed Study of Genre
		3.4 Breaking and Changing Form
	4 Style of Writer
		4.1 Writing Reflects Writer
		4.2 Style and Tradition
	5 On Style Type
		5.1 Style Type in Pre-six Dynasties
		5.2 Style Type in Tang and Song
		5.3 From Complexity to Simplicity in Ming and Qing
	References
5 On Genre
	1 Evolution of Literary Concepts
		1.1 Poetry, Writings, and Literature
		1.2 Division Between Wen and Bi
		1.3 Debate over Pian and San
	2 Evolution of Genre
		2.1 Influence of Environment and Time
		2.2 Influence of Folklore
		2.3 Influence of Foreign Region
	3 Overview of Genre
		3.1 Poetry
		3.2 Lyric and Aria
		3.3 Prose
		3.4 Novel
		3.5 Drama
	References
6 On Structure
	1 Basic Features of Literary Structure
		1.1 Establishing Idea
		1.2 Mutual Generation of the Void and Full
		1.3 Consciousness of Life
		1.4 Change Within Rule
	2 Structure of Poetry, Lyric, Aria
		2.1 Structural Form of Shi, Ci, Qu
		2.2 Structural Feature of Poetry, Lyric, and Aria
		2.3 Structural Function of Poetry, Lyric, and Aria
	3 Structure of Prose
		3.1 Basic Forms of Prose Structure
		3.2 Basic Feature of Prose Structure
		3.3 Methods of Prose Structure
	4 Structure of Novel
		4.1 Internal Logic of Novel Structure
		4.2 Basic Form of Novel Structure
		4.3 Basic Feature of Novel Structure
		4.4 Basic Method of Novel Structure
	5 Drama Structure
		5.1 Generic Form of Drama Structure
		5.2 Textual Form of Drama Structure
		5.3 Method of Drama Structure
	References
7 On Language
	1 Literary Spirit of Chinese Character
		1.1 Ideographic
		1.2 Humanistic Spirit and Unique Sentiment
	2 Sound and Rhythm
		2.1 Sound and Rhythm of Poetic Language
		2.2 Sound and Rhythm of Prose Language
		2.3 Basic Characteristic of Sound and Rhythm
	3 Word-Idea Relationship
		3.1 “Word as Fish Trap and Rabbit Snare” and “Light Word Deep Purpose”
		3.2 Life Consciousness and Word-Idea Relationship
		3.3 Words Hardly Exhaust Ideas
		3.4 Transcending Form While Capturing Verisimilitude
	4 Verbal Embellishment
		4.1 Verbal Embellishment and Wen-zhi
		4.2 Beauty of Rhapsody
		4.3 Antithesis
		4.4 Hyperbole
	5 Allusion
		5.1 Significance of Allusion
		5.2 Method of Allusion
	References
8 On Reception
	1 Foundation of Reception
		1.1 Universal Effectiveness
		1.2 Experience
		1.3 Accumulated Knowledge
	2 Process of Reception
		2.1 Reciting and Intoning Softly
		2.2 Two Hearts Beat as One
		2.3 Entering and Exiting
	3 Characteristic of Reception
		3.1 Aesthetic Features
		3.2 Unique Understanding
	References
Bibliography
Index