A Step-by-Step Guide to Exploratory Factor Analysis with R and RStudio

Cover
Endorsements
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Figures
Preface
1. Introduction
	Historical Foundations
	Conceptual Foundations
	Graphical Displays and Vocabulary
2. Data
	Dataset 1
	Dataset 2
	Dataset 3
	Dataset 4
3. R and RStudio Software
	R and RStudio
	R Packages
4. Importing and Saving Data and Results
	Importing a Correlation Matrix
	Data Packages
	Saving Data
	Saving Results
5. Decision Steps in Exploratory Factor Analysis
	Flowchart of Decision Steps (Figure 5.1)
	Checklist of Decision Steps (Figure 5.2)
6. Step 1: Variables to Include
	Report
7. Step 2: Participants
	Characteristics of Participants
	Number of Participants
	Report
8. Step 3: Data Screening
	Assumptions
		Restricted Score Range
		Linearity
		Data Distributions
		Outliers
		Missing Data
	Report
9. Step 4: Is Exploratory Factor Analysis Appropriate
	Report
10. Step 5: Factor Analysis Model
	Report
11. Step 6: Factor Extraction Method
	Report
12. Step 7: How Many Factors to Retain
	Empirical Guidelines
	Theoretical Knowledge
	Model Selection
	Report
13. Step 8: Rotate Factors
	Orthogonal versus Oblique Rotation
	Factor Loadings
	Eigenvalues and Variance Extracted
	Report
14. Step 9: Interpret Exploratory Factor Analysis Results
	Model Selection Guidelines
	Report
	Model Evaluation
		Model 3
		Model 2
		Model 1
	Factor Names
	Report
15. Step 10: Report Exploratory Factor Analysis Results
	Factor Scores
	Cautions
16. Exploratory Factor Analysis with Categorical Variables
	Data
	Participants
	Data Screening
	Is EFA Appropriate
	Factor Analysis Model
	Factor Extraction Method
	How Many Factors to Retain
	Rotate Factors
	Interpret Results
17. Higher-Order and Bifactor Models
	Higher-Order Models
	Schmid-Leiman Transformation of Higher-Order Models
	Bifactor Models
	Alternative Measures of Reliability
18. Exploratory versus Confirmatory Factor Analysis
	CFA Model Fit
	CFA Model Respecification
	CFA Model Assumptions
	Exploratory Use of CFA
	EFA versus CFA
Practice Exercises
	Exercise 1
	Data
	Variables Included
	Participants
	Is the Data Appropriate?
	Is EFA Appropriate?
	What Model of Factor Analysis Was Employed?
	What Factor Extraction Method Was Used?
	How Many Factors Were Retained?
	What Factor Rotation Was Applied?
	Interpretation of Results
	Report Results
	Exercise 1 Report
		Method
		Results
	Exercise 2
	Data
	Are the Data Appropriate for EFA?
	Is EFA Appropriate?
	How Many Factor to Retain?
	Factor Models: Three Factors
	Factor Models: Two Factors
	Factor Models: One Factor
	Factor Models: Robustness Evaluation of Two-Factor Model
References and Resources
Index