A Source Book for Ancient Church History

Errata.......Page 8
Preface.......Page 10
General Bibliographical Note......Page 14
The First Division Of Ancient Christianity: The Church Under The Heathen Empire: To A. D. 324......Page 17
§ 1. The Neronian Persecution......Page 19
§ 2. The Death of Peter and Paul......Page 22
§ 3. The Death of the Apostle John......Page 24
§ 4. The Persecution under Domitian......Page 25
Period II. The Post-Apostolic Age: A. D. 100-A. D. 140......Page 28
§ 5. Christianity and Judaism......Page 29
§ 6. The Extension of Christianity......Page 33
§ 7. Relation of the Roman State to Christianity......Page 34
§ 8. Martyrdom and the Desire for Martyrdom......Page 38
§ 9. The Position of the Roman Community of Christians in the Church......Page 39
§ 10. Chiliastic Expectations......Page 41
§ 11. The Church and the World......Page 44
§ 12. Theological Ideas......Page 46
§ 13. Worship in the Post-Apostolic Period......Page 49
§ 14. Church Organization......Page 53
§ 15. Church Discipline......Page 60
§ 16. Moral Ideas in the Post-Apostolic Period......Page 62
Period III. The Critical Period: A. D. 140 to A. D. 200......Page 68
§ 17. The Extension of Christianity......Page 69
§ 18. Heathen Religious Feeling and Culture in Relation to Christianity......Page 73
§ 19. The Attitude of the Roman Government toward Christians, A. D. 138 to A. D. 192......Page 83
§ 20. The Literary Defence of Christianity......Page 88
Chapter II. The Internal Crisis: The Gnostic And Other Heretical Sects......Page 95
§ 21. The Earlier Gnostics: Gnosticism in General......Page 96
§ 22. The Greater Gnostic Systems: Basilides and Valentinus......Page 101
§ 23. Marcion......Page 123
§ 24. Encratites......Page 127
§ 25. Montanism......Page 128
§ 26. The Beginnings of Councils as a Defence against Heresy......Page 131
§ 27. The Apostolic Tradition and the Episcopate......Page 133
§ 28. The Canon or the Authoritative New Testament Writings......Page 139
§ 29. The Apostles' Creed......Page 146
§ 30. Later Gnosticism......Page 150
§ 31. The Results of the Crisis......Page 151
Chapter IV. The Beginnings Of Catholic Theology......Page 153
(A) The Logos Doctrine......Page 154
(B) The Doctrine of the Trinity......Page 156
(C) Moralistic Christianity......Page 158
(D) Argument from Hebrew Prophecy......Page 159
§ 33. The Asia Minor Conception of Christianity......Page 160
Period IV. The Age Of The Consolidation Of The Church: 200 to 324 A. D.......Page 164
§ 34. State and Church under Septimius Severus and Caracalla......Page 165
§ 35. Religious Syncretism in the Third Century......Page 174
§ 36. The Religious Policy of the Emperors from Heliogabalus to Philip the Arabian, 217-249......Page 176
§ 37. The Extension of the Church at the Middle of the Third Century......Page 181
Chapter II. The Internal Development Of The Church In Doctrine, Custom, And Constitution......Page 184
§ 38. The Easter Controversy and the Separation of the Churches of Asia Minor from the Western Churches......Page 186
§ 39. The Religion of the West: Its Moral and Juristic Character......Page 190
§ 40. The Monarchian Controversies......Page 197
(A) Dynamistic Monarchianism......Page 198
(B) Modalistic Monarchianism......Page 201
§ 41. Later Montanism and the Consequences of its Exclusion from the Church......Page 208
§ 42. The Penitential Discipline......Page 209
§ 43. The Catechetical School of Alexandria: Clement and Origen......Page 216
§ 44. Neo-Platonism......Page 230
Chapter III. The First General Persecution And Its Consequences......Page 233
§ 45. The Decian-Valerian Persecution......Page 234
§ 46. Effects of the Persecution upon the Inner Life of the Church......Page 241
Chapter IV. The Period Of Peace For The Church: A. D. 260 To A. D. 303......Page 247
§ 47. The Chiliastic Controversy......Page 248
§ 48. Theology of the Second Half of the Third Century under the Influence of Origen......Page 251
§ 49. The Development of the Cultus......Page 262
§ 50. The Episcopate in the Church......Page 268
§ 51. The Unity of the Church and the See of Rome......Page 271
§ 52. Controversy over Baptism by Heretics......Page 276
§ 53. The Beginnings of Monasticism......Page 280
§ 54. Manichæanism......Page 283
§ 55. The Reorganization of the Empire by Diocletian......Page 289
§ 56. The Diocletian Persecution......Page 291
§ 57. Rise of Schisms in Consequence of the Diocletian Persecution......Page 298
The Second Division Of Ancient Christianity: The Church Under The Christian Empire: From 312 To Circa 750......Page 305
Chapter I. The Church And Empire Under Constantine......Page 309
§ 58. The Empire under Constantine and His Sons......Page 310
§ 59. Favor Shown the Church by Constantine......Page 314
§ 60. The Repression of Heathenism under Constantine......Page 319
§ 61. The Donatist Schism under Constantine......Page 321
§ 62. Constantine's Endeavors to Bring about the Unity of the Church by Means of General Synods: The Councils of Arles and Nicæa......Page 323
Chapter II. The Arian Controversy Until The Extinction Of The Dynasty Of Constantine......Page 332
§ 63. The Outbreak of the Arian Controversy and the Council of Nicæa, A. D. 325......Page 334
§ 64. The Beginnings of the Eusebian Reaction under Constantine......Page 342
§ 65. The Victory of the Anti-Nicene Party in the East......Page 346
§ 66. Collapse of the Anti-Nicene Middle Party; the Renewal of Arianism; the Rise of the Homoousian Party......Page 352
§ 67. The Policy of the Sons of Constantine Toward Heathenism and Donatism......Page 357
§ 68. Julian the Apostate......Page 362
Chapter III. The Triumph Of The New Nicene Orthodoxy Over Heterodoxy And Heathenism......Page 374
§ 69. The Emperors from Jovian to Theodosius and Their Policy toward Heathenism and Arianism......Page 375
§ 70. The Dogmatic Parties and Their Mutual Relations......Page 386
§ 71. The Emperor Theodosius and the Triumph of the New Nicene Orthodoxy at the Council of Constantinople, A. D. 381......Page 391
Chapter IV. The Empire And The Imperial State Church......Page 396
§ 72. The Constitution of the State Church......Page 397
(A) The Ecumenical Council......Page 398
(B) The Hierarchical Organization......Page 399
§ 73. Sole Authority of the State Church......Page 411
§ 74. The Position of the State Church in the Social Order of the Empire......Page 422
§ 75. Social Significance of the State Church......Page 427
§ 76. Popular Piety and the Reception of Heathenism in the Church......Page 441
§ 77. The Extension of Monasticism Throughout the Empire......Page 447
§ 78. Celibacy of the Clergy and the Regulation of Clerical Marriage......Page 457
Period II. The Church From The Permanent Division Of The Empire Until The Collapse Of The Western Empire And The First Schism Between The East And The West, Or Until About A. D. 500......Page 466
Chapter I. The Church At The Beginning Of The Permanent Separation Of The Two Parts Of The Roman Empire......Page 467
§ 79. The Empire of the Dynasty of Theodosius.......Page 468
§ 80. The Extension of the Church about the Beginning of the Fifth Century......Page 472
Chapter II. The Church Of The Western Empire In The Fifth Century......Page 477
§ 81. The Western Church Toward the End of the Fourth Century......Page 478
§ 82. Augustine's Life and Place in the Western Church......Page 481
§ 83. Augustine and the Donatist Schism......Page 494
§ 84. The Pelagian Controversy......Page 505
§ 85. Semi-Pelagian Controversy......Page 518
§ 86. The Roman Church as the Centre of the Catholic Roman Element of the West......Page 528
Chapter III. The Church In The Eastern Empire.......Page 534
§ 87. The First Origenistic Controversy and the Triumph of Traditionalism......Page 535
§ 88. The Christological Problem and the Theological Tendencies......Page 547
§ 89. The Nestorian Controversy; the Council of Ephesus A. D. 431.......Page 558
§ 90. The Eutychian Controversy and the Council of Chalcedon A. D. 451......Page 566
§ 91. Results of the Decision of Chalcedon: the Rise of Schisms from the Monophysite Controversy......Page 579
§ 92. The Church of Italy under the Ostrogoths and during the first Schism between Rome and the Eastern Church......Page 586
Period III. The Dissolution Of The Imperial State Church And The Transition To The Middle Ages: From The Beginning Of The Sixth Century To The Latter Part Of The Eighth......Page 595
§ 93. The Age of Justinian......Page 597
§ 94. The Byzantine State Church under Justinian......Page 611
§ 95. The Definitive Type of Religion in the East: Dionysius the Areopagite......Page 619
Chapter II. The Transition To The Middle Ages. The Foundation Of The Germanic National Churches......Page 624
§ 96. The Celtic Church in the British Isles......Page 625
§ 97. The Conversion of the Franks. The Establishment of Catholicism in the Germanic Kingdoms......Page 630
§ 98. The State Church in the Germanic Kingdoms......Page 639
§ 99. Gregory the Great and the Roman Church in the Second Half of the Sixth Century......Page 652
§ 100. The Foundation of the Anglo-Saxon Church......Page 666
Chapter III. The Foundation Of The Ecclesiastical Institutions Of The Middle Ages......Page 679
§ 101. Foundation of the Mediæval Diocesan and Parochial Constitution......Page 680
§ 102. Western Piety and Thought in the Period of the Conversion of the Barbarians......Page 685
§ 103. The Foundation of the Mediæval Penitential System......Page 689
§ 104. The New Monasticism and the Rule of Benedict of Nursia......Page 696
§ 105. Foundation of Mediæval Culture and Schools......Page 710
Chapter IV. The Revolution In The Ecclesiastical And Political Situation Due To The Rise Of Islam And The Doctrinal Disputes In The Eastern Church......Page 718
§ 106. The Rise and Extension of Islam......Page 719
§ 107. The Monothelete Controversy and the Sixth General Council, Constantinople A. D. 681......Page 726
§ 108. Rome, Constantinople, and the Lombard State Church in the Seventh Century......Page 740
§ 109. Rome, Constantinople, and the Lombards in the Period of the First Iconoclastic Controversy; the Seventh General Council, Nicæa, A. D. 787......Page 753
Index......Page 769
Footnotes......Page 805
Credits......Page 809
A Word from Project Gutenberg......Page 811
The Full Project Gutenberg License......Page 812