A Practical Approach to VLSI System on Chip (SoC) Design. A Comprehensive Guide

Foreword to the First Edition by Faraj Aalaei
Foreword to the First Edition by Ashok Soota
Foreword to the First Edition by Walden C. Rhines
Preface to the Second Edition
Praise for the First Edition
Preface to the First Edition
About the Book
Why read this book?
What Problems Does It Solve?
Who is the audience?
What are the prerequisites to reading this book?
Why become a VLSI designer?
Contents
Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction
	1.1 Introduction to CMOS VLSI
	1.2 Application Areas of SoC
	1.3 Trends in VLSI
	1.4 System on Chip Complexity
	1.5 Integration Trend from Circuit to System on Chip
	1.6 Speed of Operation
	1.7 Die Size
	1.8 Design Methodology
	1.9 SoC Design and Development
	1.10 Skill Set Required
	1.11 EDA Environment
	1.12 Challenges in All
	Reference
Chapter 2: System on Chip (SoC) Design
	2.1 Part 1
		2.1.1 System on Chip (SoC)
	2.2 Constituents of SoC
		2.2.1 Processor Subsystem Cores
	2.3 Application-Specific Processors
	2.4 Control Processors
	2.5 Digital Signal Processors
	2.6 Vector Processors
		2.6.1 Embedded Memory Core
		2.6.2 Analog Cores
		2.6.3 Interface Cores
		2.6.4 On-Chip Clock Generators, PLLs, and Sensors
	2.7 Part 2
		2.7.1 SoC Development Life Cycle
	2.8 SoC Design Requirements
	2.9 Design Strategy
	2.10 SoC Design Planning
	2.11 System Modeling
	2.12 System Module Development Feasibility Study
	2.13 IP Design Decisions
	2.14 Verification IPs
	2.15 Target Technology Decision
	2.16 Development Plan
	2.17 EDA Tool Plan
	2.18 Design Center Infrastructure
	2.19 Computational Servers
	2.20 Filers
	2.21 Workstations
	2.22 Backup Servers
	2.23 Source Control Server
	2.24 Firewalls
	2.25 Resource Planning
	2.26 SoC Design Flow
		2.26.1 SoC Chip High-Level Design Methodology
		2.26.2 Digital SoC Core Development Flow
		2.26.3 Processor Subsystem Core Design
		2.26.4 SoC Integrated Design Flow
	2.27 EVM Design Development Flow
	2.28 Software Development Flow
	2.29 Product Integration Flow
Chapter 3: SoC Constituents
	3.1 SoC Constituents
		3.1.1 Embedded Processor Subsystem for System on Chip
			Choice of Embedded Processors for SoC
			Embedded General-Purpose RISC Processors
		3.1.2 DSP Processors
	3.2 Issues of Hw-Sw Co-Design
		3.2.1 Processor Subsystems
		3.2.2 Processor Configuration Tools
		3.2.3 Processor Development Boards
	3.3 Embedded Memories
		3.3.1 Types of Memories
		3.3.2 Choice of Memories
		3.3.3 Memory Compiler and Compiled Memories
	3.4 Protocol Blocks
	3.5 Mixed Signal Blocks
	3.6 Radio Frequency (RF) Control Blocks
	3.7 Analog Blocks
	3.8 Third-Party IP Cores
	3.9 System Software
		3.9.1 OSI System Model
			Physical Layer (Layer 1)
			Data Link Layer (Layer 2)
			Network Layer (Layer 3)
			Transport Layer (Layer 4)
			Session Layer (Layer 5)
			Presentation Layer (Layer 6)
			Application Layer (Layer 7)
	3.10 GAMP Classification of Software
		3.10.1 Hardware
		3.10.2 Device Driver
		3.10.3 Firmware
		3.10.4 Middleware
		3.10.5 Software
		3.10.6 Cloud
	3.11 Design-Specific Blocks
Chapter 4: VLSI Logic Design and HDL
	4.1 SoC Design Concepts
		4.1.1 Logic Design Fundamentals
		4.1.2 System Clock and Clock Domains
		4.1.3 Asynchronous and Synchronous Resets
			Metastability
			Standard Cells and Compiled Logic Blocks
			Hard and Soft Macros
			Data Buffers and Buffer Managers
			Design Assertions
		4.1.4 Synchronous Sequential Functional Blocks
	4.2 Asynchronous Circuits
	4.3 Speed Matching
	4.4 Network on Chip Architecture
	4.5 Hardware Accelerator
	4.6 Hardware Description Languages (HDL)
	4.7 Behavioral Modelling of the Hardware System
	4.8 Dataflow Modeling of the Hardware System
	4.9 Structural Modeling of the Hardware System
	4.10 Input-Output Pad Instantiation
		4.10.1 Power Ground Corner Pad Instantiation (Fig. 4.17)
Chapter 5: Synthesis and Static Timing Analysis (STA)
	5.1 Part 1: SoC Synthesis
		5.1.1 Set Synthesis Environment
			Read Library
			Read HDL Design Files
			Elaborate the Design Files
			Read Design Constraints
			Optimization Constraint
			Synthesis
			Analyze
			Generate Reports
		5.1.2 SoC Design Constraints
	5.2 Design Rule Constraints
	5.3 SoC Design Synthesis
	5.4 Low-Power Synthesis
		5.4.1 Introduction to Low-Power SoCs
		5.4.2 Universal Power Format (UPF)
	5.5 Reports
		5.5.1 Gate Level Netlist Verification
	5.6 Part 2: Static Timing Analysis (STA)
	5.7 Timing Definition
	5.8 Timing Delay Calculation Concepts
	5.9 Timing Analysis
	5.10 Modeling Process, Voltage, and Temperature Variations
		5.10.1 Equivalent Cells
	5.11 Timing and Design Constraints
	5.12 Organizing Paths to Groups
	5.13 Design Corners
	5.14 Challenges of STA During SoC Design
Chapter 6: SoC Design for Testability (DFT)
	6.1 Need for Testability
	6.2 Guidelines for SoC Design for Testability
	6.3 DFT Logic Insertion Techniques
		6.3.1 Scan Insertion
		6.3.2 Boundary Scan
	6.4 Boundary Scan Insertion Flow
		6.4.1 Memory Built-in Self-Test (MBIST)
		6.4.2 Stuck-at Faults
		6.4.3 Transition Faults
		6.4.4 Coupling Faults
		6.4.5 Neighborhood Pattern-Sensitive Faults
		6.4.6 MBIST Algorithms
	6.5 ROM Test Algorithm
	6.6 Power Aware Test Module (PATM) Insertion
		6.6.1 Logic BIST Insertion
		6.6.2 Writing out DFT SDC
		6.6.3 Compression Insertion
	6.7 On-SoC Clock Generation (OSCG) Insertion
	6.8 Challenges in SoC DFT
	6.9 Memory Clustering
	6.10 DFT Simulations
	6.11 ATPG Pattern Generation
	6.12 Automatic Test Equipment Testing (ATE Testing)
Chapter 7: SoC Design Verification
	7.1 Importance of Verification
	7.2 Verification Plan and Strategies
	7.3 Verification Plan
	7.4 Functional Verification
	7.5 Verification Methods
		7.5.1 Black Box Verification
		7.5.2 White Box Verification
		7.5.3 Gray Box Verification
	7.6 Design for Verification
	7.7 Verification Example
	7.8 Verification Tools
	7.9 Verification Language
	7.10 Automation Scripts
	7.11 Design for Verification
	7.12 Assertions in Verification
	7.13 Verification Reuse and Verification IPs
	7.14 Universal Verification Methodology (UVM)
	7.15 Bug and Debug
	7.16 Bug Tracking Workflow
	7.17 Formal Verification
	7.18 FPGA Validation
	7.19 Validation on Development Boards
Chapter 8: SoC Physical Design
	8.1 Re-convergent Model of VLSI SoC Design
	8.2 File Formats
	8.3 SoC Physical Design
	8.4 Physical Design Theory
	8.5 Stick Diagrams
	8.6 Physical Design Setup and Floor Plan
	8.7 Floor Planning
	8.8 SoC Power Plan
	8.9 Two-Step Synthesis of SoC Design
	8.10 Placement
	8.11 Physical Design Constraints
	8.12 Clock Tree Synthesis (CTS)
	8.13 Routing
	8.14 ECO Implementation
	8.15 Advanced Physical Design of SOCs
		8.15.1 For Low-Power Consumption
		8.15.2 For Advanced Technology
		8.15.3 High Performance
	8.16 Photolithography and Mask Pattern
Chapter 9: SoC Physical Design Verification
	9.1 SoC Design Verification by Formal Verification
	9.2 Model Checking
	9.3 Logic Equivalence Check (LEC)
	9.4 Static Timing Analysis (STA)
	9.5 ECO Checks
	9.6 Electromigration (EM)
	9.7 Simultaneous Switching Noise (SSN)
	9.8 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection
	9.9 IR and Cross Talk Analysis
	9.10 Layout Verse Schematic (LVS)
	9.11 Gate Level Simulation
	9.12 Electrical Rule Check (ERC)
	9.13 DRC Rule Check
	9.14 Design Rule Violation (DRV) Checks
	9.15 Design Tape Out
Chapter 10: SoC Packaging
	10.1 Introduction to VLSI SoC Packaging
	10.2 Classification of Packages
	10.3 Criteria for Selection of Packages
	10.4 Package Components
	10.5 Package Assembly Flow
	10.6 Packaging Technology
	10.7 Flip-Chip Packages
	10.8 Typical Packages
	10.9 Package Performance
	10.10 System Integration
	10.11 Packaging Trends
		10.11.1 Stacked Die Integration
		10.11.2 3D Integration Schemes
Chapter 11: Reference Designs
	11.1 Design for Trial
	11.2 Prerequisites
	11.3 User Guidelines
	11.4 Design Directory
	11.5 Part 1
	11.6 Design Examples
	11.7 Part II
		11.7.1 Design Flow
		11.7.2 Logic Equivalence Check (LEC)
	11.8 Part III
		11.8.1 MINI-SoC Design
			IO Diagram
Index