A Political Economy of the Middle East

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations
Preface
Acronyms and Abbreviations
1 INTRODUCTION AND FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY
	The Arab Uprisings of 2011: How Did We Get There?
	Cross-Regional Variation in the Arab Uprisings
	A Political Economy Framework
	The Three Pillars of the Framework: The State, the Economy, and Society
	Resource Endowments and Political Development
	Prolonged Discontent: Toward a Political Economy of the Arab Uprisings
	The Role of Political Islam in the Arab Uprisings
	Conclusions
2 ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND SOCIAL OUTCOMES
	Long-Term Growth with Modest Results
	Three Phases of Development
	The Inheritance from the Past: The Effects of Fiscal Retrenchment
	Social Outcomes
	Conclusions: Performance Since the Revolutions and the Economic Challenges Ahead
3 POLITICAL REGIMES IN THE MIDDLE EAST
	Economies, Political Regimes, and Governance in the Middle East
	The Historical Foundations of State-Building in the Middle East
	Political Regimes in the Post-Independence Middle East
	Conclusions
4 THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE
	Comparative Demographic Patterns
	The Economic Consequences of Demographic Change
	How Labor Markets Adjusted in the Face of Large Population Growth
	The Politics of Young Populations
	Conclusions
5 HUMAN CAPITAL: HEALTH AND EDUCATION
	Social Sectors and Social Services
	Health Conditions
	Educational Systems
	Conclusions
6 WATER AND FOOD SECURITY
	The Food Gap
	Policy Constraints on Output Growth
	Water and the Imperative of a New Food Security Strategy
	Conclusions
7 THE RISE AND FALL OF STATE-LED DEVELOPMENT
	The State as Architect of Structural Transformation
	Atatürk and the Turkish Paradigm
	Replicating the Paradigm
	Contradictions of State-Led Growth
	The Resistance to Reforms
	Delaying Reforms and the Political Economy of Structural Adjustment
	Conclusions
8 STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT AND THE RISE OF CRONY CAPITALISM
	The Washington Consensus
	Critics of the Washington Consensus and Alternatives Around the World
	The Development of Crony Capitalism in the MENA Region
	A Survey of Country Experiences
	Conclusions
9 THE EFFECTS OF OIL ON DEVELOPMENT AND THE RISE OF THE GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL
	The Diverse Effects of Oil on Governance
	The Economics of Oil
	Conclusion: The Future of the GCC
10 WAR, CONFLICT, AND THE MILITARY IN THE MIDDLE EAST
	Military Spending and Development
	The Political and Economic Consequences of War and Militarization in the Middle East
	Political Settlements and the Military in the Middle East
	Conclusions
11 SOLIDARISM AND ITS ENEMIES: CIVIL SOCIETY AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST
	The Historical Record: Social Mobilization in the Middle East
	Mass Mobilization During the Arab Uprisings
	Formal and Informal Modes of Collective Action in the Middle East
	The Failure of Ideology
	Conclusions
12 IS ISLAM THE SOLUTION?
	Terminology and Typology
	Islamism as a Social Movement: Social Support Bases
	Islamism as a Social Movement: Collective Action
	Islamist Economic Thought and Practice
	Islamists in Power
	Conclusions
13 REGIONAL AND GLOBAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
	Trade in Goods and Services
	The Formation of Oil Prices
	Capital Movement
	Labor Migration
	The Impact of Labor Migration on Sending Countries
	Conclusions
14 CONCLUSION
References
Index