A Life Cycle Approach to Buildings : Principles - Calculations - Design Tools

Introduction
Principles
	Sustainability as an objective and general framework
	New spatial system boundaries: metabolism of the human living space
	New temporal system boundaries: from cradle to grave
	Stakeholders and points of view
	Uncertainty about the course of the life cycle
Design in the life cycle of buildings
	The iterative nature of design
	Life cycle-oriented design
	Life cycle-oriented building description
	Life cycle phase 1: New build
	Life cycle phase 2: Use
	Life cycle phase 3: Refurbishment /renovation
	Life cycle phase 4: Deconstruction
	Aging and loss of value
	Estimated service life of buildings
	Normative terms of service life
Life cycle assessment
	Method of life cycle assessment
	Life cycle assessments of buildings
	Construction materials and processes
	Data in Ökobau.dat
Assessment of the economic advantages
	Tasks and objectives as seen by the stakeholders
	Life cycle costing
	Determination of construction costs
	Determination of operating costs
	Accounting for externalities
	Assessment of economic efficiency
Tools for integrated design
	Integrated design
	Principles and tools
	Data models, data interchange and data maintenance
	Contribution of standardisation
	Sustainability certification of buildings
Life cycle analysis in practice: Examples and areas of application
	Working methodology
	Example 1: Heinrich Böll Siedlung, Berlin
	Example 2: Normand Barracks, Speyer
	Example 3: Lebenshilfe, Lindenberg im Allgäu
	Example 4: Nirosan Production Hall, Schmiedefeld
	Example 5: Barnim Administration Centre, Eberswalde
	Extended consideration of buildings
Summary and outlook
Appendix