A History of the Muslim World since 1260 : The Making of a Global Community

Preface
Acknowledgments
Note on Transliteration Dating; and “the Muslim World”
Introduction: The Making of a Civilization 610–1260
Part One Mongol Hegemony 1260–1405
     Chapter 1 The Great Transformation
          The Mongol Khanates
               The Qipchaq Khanate
               The Il-khanate
               The Chaghatay Khanate
          New Centers of Islamic Culture
               The Mamluke Empire
               The Delhi Sultanate
               The Ottoman Sultanate
          Scourges
               Plague
               Timur Lang
          Conclusion
     Chapter 2 Unity And Diversity In Islamic Traditions
          Intellectual Life in the Fourteenth Century
               The End of the “Golden Age”?
               Against All Odds
          Law
               The Queen of the Sciences
               The “Closing of the Gate of Ijtihad”?
          The Varieties of Religious Expression
               “Orthodoxy” and “Heterodoxy”
               The Proliferation of Sufi Groups
          Conclusion
Part Two Muslim Ascendancy, 1405–1750
     Chapter 3 The Central Muslim Lands
          The Ottoman Empire
               The Creation of an Empire
               Society
               The State
               The Economy
               Culture
               From Dominance to Parity
          The Arabian Peninsula
               The Holy Cities
               Yemen and Oman
          The Eurasian Steppes
          Conclusion
     Chapter 4 The Umma in the West
          The Iberian Peninsula
               Mudejars
               Granada
               Moriscos
          The Maghrib
               The Land
               The Berber States
               Crusaders Corsairs and Janissaries
               The Regencies
               Alawite Morocco
          The Sudan
               Trans-Saharan Trade
               The Islamization of the Western and Central Sudan
               The Islamization of the Eastern Sudan
               The Intensification of the Slave Trade
               Islam in the Sudan
          Conclusion
     Chapter 5 Central Asia and Iran
          Central Asia
               The Timurids
               The Uzbek Khanate
               The Islamization of Central Asia
          Iran
               The Nizaris Regroup
               The Safavids: A Militant Sufi Order
               The First Twelver Shi’ite Empire
               The Apocalypse Postponed
               Society
               The State
               The Decline of Tariqa Sufism
               The Economy
               Culture
               The End of an Empire
          Conclusion
     Chapter 6 South Asia
          South Asia after the Delhi Sultanate
               Southern and Central South Asia
               The Indo–Gangetic Plain
          Islam in South Asia
               Patterns of Muslim Influence
               South Asian Sufism
               An Isma’ili Revival
          The Timurids in South Asia: The Mughals
               The Formation of the Mughal Empire
               Society
               The State
               The Economy
               Culture
               The End of Imperial Rule
          Conclusion
     Chapter 7 The Indian Ocean Basin
          A Muslim Lake
          The East Coast of Africa
               Berbera and the Land of the Zanj
               The Impact of Imperialism
          Kerala
               The Land of Pepper
               The Impact of Imperialism
          Southeast Asia
               The Malayo–Polynesian Lands
               The Lure of the Spice Islands
               The Impact of Imperialism
               The Appeal of a Universal Faith
               A Loss of Dynamism
          Conclusion
Part Three The World Turned Upside Down 1950–Present
     Chapter 8 Reform and Renewal 1750–1875
          Developments within Twelver Shi’ism
               The Growth of Mujtahid Authority
               Twelver Ritual Life
          Sunni Reform Movements
               A Search for First Principles
               Jihad Movements
          European Intervention and Annexation
               South Asia
               Southeast Asia
               The Indian Ocean Basin
               The Caucasus and Central Asia
               North Africa
          Governmental Responses to External Threats
               The Ottoman Empire
               Iran
          Cultural Fragmentation
          Conclusion
     Chapter 9 The Loss of Sovereign 1875–1920
          European Imperialism 1875–1914
               The Balkans
               North and West Africa
               The Western Indian Ocean
               Central Asia and Iran
               Southeast Asia
          Imperial Rule
          Encounters with Tradition
               Movements of Political and Social Reform
               Movements of Religious Reform and Renewal
          World War One
          Conclusion
     Chapter 10 The Interwar Years 1920–1939
          Independent Muslim States
               The Republic of Turkey
               The Pahlavi Monarchy of Iran
               States in the Arabian Peninsula
               The Kingdom of Afghanistan
          Muslim Minorities in the USSR
          Nationalist Movements
               North Africa
               The Eastern Arab World
               South Asia
               Southeast Asia
          Islamic Movements
               Tensions between Secular and Religious Muslims
               Religious Activists: Reformers and Traditionalists
               The Muslim Brothers
               Abu‘l A’la Mawdudi
               Tablighi Jama’at
               Indonesian Religious Organizations
          Women’s Issues
          Conclusion
     Chapter 11 Regaining Sovereignty, 1939–1970
          World War Two
               The Middle East
               Southeast Asia
               Africa
               South Asia
          Formal Independence
               The 1940s
               The 1950s
               The 1960s and 1970s
          Muslim Minorities in the USSR and China
          Disillusionment with Secular Nationalism
               Pakistan
               Indonesia
               Iran
               The Arab World
               Turkey
          Voices of Urgency
          Conclusion
     Chapter 12 New Directions 1970–Present
          The Watershed Years
               The Arab World
               Iran
               South Asia
               Afghanistan
               Southeast Asia
          Responding to the Divine Imperative: Political Islam
               Egypt and Jordan
               Pakistan
               Southeast Asia
               North Africa
               Turkey
          Responding to the Divine Imperative: Jihadi Islamism
               Jihad as the Means to Implement an Islamic State
               Jihad as National Liberation
               Global Jihad
          Twenty-First-Century Challenges and Opportunities
               A Siege Mentality
               A Crisis of Authority
               Economic and Social Issues
               The Prospects for Islamism and Sufism
               New Frontiers
          Conclusion
Glossary
Credits
Index