A history of Russian law : from ancient times to the Council Code (Ulozhenie) of Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich of 1649

A History of Russian Law: From Ancient Times to the Council Code (Ulozhenie) of Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich of 1649......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Preface......Page 15
List of Abbreviations......Page 17
List of Maps......Page 19
Part 1: The Middle Ages (until 1497)......Page 21
The Purpose of This Work......Page 23
Periodization......Page 24
The Definition of Law......Page 30
The Organization of This Work......Page 34
General History and History of Law......Page 36
Medieval Law......Page 39
An Outline of the ‘Constitutional’ History of Russia During the Era of the Independent Principalities......Page 43
State and Law During the Era of the Independent Principalities......Page 58
Section 1: Sources......Page 67
The Concept of Sources......Page 69
Chronicles......Page 72
Kormchie......Page 76
The Merilo Pravednoe......Page 81
The Knigi Zakonnye......Page 83
Archives......Page 84
Foreign Sources for the Prehistory of Russian Law......Page 86
Publication of Texts, Literature, Bibliography......Page 92
The Treaties with Byzantium......Page 105
The Treaty of 907......Page 108
The Treaty of 911......Page 110
The Treaty of 944......Page 113
The Zakon Russkii......Page 116
History of the Study of the Russkaia Pravda......Page 121
The Different Versions of the Russkaia Pravda......Page 124
The Division of the Russkaia Pravda into Articles......Page 126
The Short Pravda: Introduction......Page 127
The Short Pravda: The Pravda of Iaroslav......Page 128
The Sources of Iaroslav’s Pravda......Page 133
The Pravda of Iaroslav’s Sons......Page 138
The Final Compilation of the Short Pravda......Page 142
The Expanded Pravda: Introduction......Page 144
The Codicology of the Expanded Pravda......Page 146
The Composition of the Expanded Pravda......Page 151
The Relationship Between the Short Pravda and the Expanded Pravda......Page 153
The Statute of Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh......Page 155
The Final Compilation of the Expanded Pravda......Page 157
Foreign Sources for the Russkaia Pravda?......Page 159
The Abridged Version of the Russkaia Pravda......Page 162
Introduction......Page 164
The Church Statute of St. Vladimir......Page 165
The Church Statute of Iaroslav the Wise......Page 170
The Statute of Vsevolod on Church Courts and People and on Trade Measures......Page 174
The Testament of Vsevolod Mstislavich (Rukopisanie)......Page 177
The Statute of Sviatoslav Ol’govich of 1137......Page 178
The Smolensk Charters of Rostislav Mstislavich and Bishop Manuil......Page 180
Church-State Relations in 14th and 15th Centuries Texts......Page 181
Generall......Page 183
Treaties: Internal Russian Treaties......Page 185
Treaties with Foreign Powers......Page 188
The Treaty of 1229 between Mstislav Davydovich of Smolensk and Riga and the Gothic Coast......Page 190
The Treaty between the ‘Unknown Prince’ of Smolensk and Riga and the Gothic Coast......Page 191
The 1269 Treaty between Novgorod and the Hanseatic League......Page 192
The Novgorod-Tver’ Treaties......Page 193
The Peace Treaty of 1318 between Moscow and Novgorod and Tver’......Page 195
The Charter of Dvina Land......Page 197
The Court Charter of Pskov......Page 198
The Charter of Novgorod......Page 204
Iaroslav’s Law on Bridges......Page 207
The Charters of Belo Ozero......Page 208
The Metropolitan’s Justice......Page 210
The Homicide Law of Vasilii II the Blind......Page 213
The Code of Ivan III: Introduction and Historiography......Page 215
The Numbering of the Articles of the Code......Page 218
The Contents of the Code......Page 219
General Historical Background and Character of the Code......Page 220
The Sources for the Code of 1497......Page 223
Legal Significance of the Code of 1497......Page 225
The Impact of Byzantine Law......Page 229
The Court Law for the People (Zakon Sudnyi liudem)......Page 230
The Skra of Novgorod......Page 237
The Iasa of Chingis-Khan and the Impact of Mongol-Tatar Rule on Russian Law......Page 239
The Legal Environment of Medieval Russian Law......Page 247
Rurikid Marriages as an Indication of Political and Cultural Contacts......Page 253
Introduction......Page 254
Sources and Historiography before 1917......Page 255
Sources and Historiography after 1917......Page 257
Classification of Documents......Page 260
Alphabetical Dictionary of Gramoty......Page 265
Documents and Collections Other Than Gramoty......Page 305
Pistsóvye and razriadnye knigi......Page 307
Novgorod Birch-Bark Documents......Page 308
The Iarlyki of the Tatar Khans......Page 310
Section 2: The Law......Page 317
The Eastern Slav Tribes in the 10th Century......Page 319
Russia’s Multi-Ethnic Past in Ancient Times......Page 321
The Emergence and First Expansion of the Early Russian State......Page 326
The Dynasty of Rurik......Page 328
The Socio-Economic Nature of Kievan Russia: The Feudalism Debate......Page 331
The Viking Question......Page 337
Tribute and Inter-Tribal Relationships in Early Kievan Russia......Page 343
Territory: A Postscript......Page 347
Introduction......Page 351
Relations between Princes: Succession and Treaties – Introductory Observations......Page 356
The Viking Origins of the House of Rurik......Page 358
The Succession History According to the Primary Chronicle – A Brief Survey......Page 359
The General Principles of Princely Succession......Page 363
The Grand Princely Dignity......Page 370
Relations between Princes: Wills and Treaties......Page 376
Princely Rule: Succession, Popular Assent, Mongol-Tatar Validation......Page 383
The Office and Function of the Prince......Page 386
The Prince’s Court and Officials in Kievan Times......Page 387
The Prince’s Government......Page 397
The Expansion of Princely Administration in Later Centuries......Page 399
General Taxation......Page 410
The Prince as Judge......Page 415
The Prince as Legislator......Page 417
External Relations: Diplomacy and War......Page 422
Introduction......Page 428
The Origin of Russian Towns......Page 429
Town Government and the Veche in Particular......Page 433
The Urban Population......Page 452
The Legal Framework of the Urban Economy......Page 459
I Velikii Novgorod......Page 485
II Pskov......Page 541
III A Note on Viatka-Khlynov......Page 545
Historical Introduction......Page 547
The Law of the Lithuanian Principality and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth......Page 551
18 Rural Russia......Page 563
Land Tenure and Land Ownership......Page 564
Large-Scale Land Ownership – Feudalism?......Page 565
Princes as Landowners......Page 567
Boyars and Other Landowners......Page 572
Landowning by the Church and Monasteries......Page 580
Peasants......Page 585
Peasant Landowning......Page 597
The Peasant Population in Later Centuries......Page 598
Transactions Concerning Land......Page 603
Local Government......Page 606
The Legal Status of the Individual......Page 609
Legal Classes......Page 612
The Individual as a Family Member......Page 639
20 The Individual as a Legal Actor......Page 664
Contracts......Page 666
Delicts......Page 668
Ownership......Page 671
21 The Church and Monasteries......Page 674
Church and State......Page 675
The Organization of the Church......Page 679
Church Jurisdiction......Page 683
Other Sources of Church Income......Page 694
Monasteries......Page 696
Landowning by the Church......Page 699
Introduction......Page 700
Secular and Church Courts......Page 704
Procedure in the Russkaia Pravda......Page 707
Procedure in Novgorod and Pskov......Page 709
Evidence......Page 712
Criminal Law......Page 719
Court Fees and Related Payments......Page 730
Part 2: Muscovy (until 1649)......Page 735
23 Introduction......Page 737
The Law of the Principality of Muscovy......Page 738
The Reforms of Ivan IV......Page 743
Section 1: Sources......Page 747
Introduction and Historiography......Page 749
General Historical Background and Character of the Code......Page 751
The Contents of the Code of 1550......Page 754
In Conclusion......Page 758
Legal Relevance of the Stoglav......Page 760
The Enactment of the Stoglav......Page 762
The Contents of the Stoglav......Page 763
The Code of 1589: Introduction......Page 765
The Contents of the Short and the Expanded Redactions......Page 766
The Relationship between the Two Redactions and the Character and Sources of the Code of 1589......Page 767
The Composite Code of 1606–1607......Page 770
27 The Statute Books of the Prikazy......Page 772
The Statute Books of the Brigandage Department......Page 773
The Statute Book of the Department for the City of Moscow......Page 774
The Statute Books of the Land Department......Page 775
28 Decisions of the Land Assembly (Zemskii Sobor)......Page 777
The Resolution of 30 June 1611......Page 778
Historical Background......Page 780
Historiography......Page 782
Preparation and Enactment......Page 783
Overview of the Contents......Page 785
Sources......Page 788
The Follow-up: Novellae or Novoukaznye stat’i......Page 790
Section 2: The Law......Page 793
30 The Tsar......Page 795
The Title of Tsar......Page 796
Autocracy and Public Law......Page 797
Succession......Page 799
The Tsar’s Court......Page 807
A Boyar Duma?......Page 809
The Land Assembly (Zemskii Sobor)......Page 817
The Administration......Page 827
Lower Officials......Page 833
Taxation......Page 834
The Army......Page 838
The Growth of the Principality of Moscow......Page 842
Muscovy and Western Russia......Page 846
Kormlenie as the Basis of the Traditional System......Page 851
The Reforms of Ivan IV......Page 855
The Abolition of Kormlenie......Page 861
Voevody......Page 862
Introduction......Page 864
Criminal Law in the Codes of Ivan III (1497) and Ivan IV (1550)......Page 866
The Guba and Land Charters......Page 869
Criminal Law in the Council Code (Sobornoe Ulozhenie) of 1649......Page 870
Criminal Law and the Church; Offences against Morals......Page 873
Criminal Procedure......Page 874
The Legal Status of the Individual: Men and Women......Page 880
Legal Classes......Page 881
The Sovereign and His Family......Page 882
Princes......Page 883
Boyars and Other High Nobles......Page 886
Lesser Nobles: Boyars’ Sons and Dvoriane......Page 888
Townspeople in Moscow and Elsewhere......Page 891
Merchants......Page 895
Peasants......Page 898
Slavery......Page 907
Foreigners......Page 911
Legal Persons......Page 913
36 Civil Law: Ownership and Obligations......Page 914
Ownership of Land......Page 915
Obligations......Page 936
Sources......Page 947
Marriage......Page 950
Relations between Spouses......Page 953
Dissolution of Marriage......Page 956
Parents and Children......Page 959
Inheritance and Succession......Page 961
Courts in the Period after the Sudebnik of Ivan III of 1497......Page 968
Courts in the Council Code (Sobornoe Ulozhenie) of Tsar Aleksei of 1649......Page 970
Court Officials......Page 975
Civil Procedure......Page 976
Church-State Relations in Muscovy......Page 980
The Organization of the Church......Page 986
Church Legislation......Page 992
Church Jurisdiction......Page 995
The Monetary System of Medieval Russia......Page 1003
Measurements......Page 1006
Rurikids......Page 1007
Gediminids......Page 1030
Glossary of Russian Terms......Page 1034
Index of Personal Names......Page 1092
Subject Index......Page 1103