A History of Modern Linguistics: From the Beginnings to World War II

Cover
Half Title
Dedication
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
List of figures
Acknowledgements
1 Introduction
	1.1 What is modern linguistics?
	1.2 How to read this book
	1.3 Further reading
2 Comparative-historical grammar
	2.1 Sir William Jones and Sanskrit
	2.2 Friedrich Schlegel and comparative grammar
	2.3 Franz Bopp and the elaboration of comparative grammar
	2.4 Jacob Grimm and sound laws
3 Language classification
	3.1 The Schlegel brothers and the ‘inner structure’ of languages
	3.2 Wilhelm von Humboldt’s ‘anti-semiotics’
	3.3 Humboldt’s linguistics of structure and linguistics of character
	3.4 Heymann Steinthal and Völkerpsychologie
	3.5 Steinthal’s characterisation of languages
	3.6 Further reading
4 The consolidation of comparative-historical linguistics
	4.1 August Schleicher and realism
	4.2 Darwinism and scientific materialism
	4.3 Morphology of languages
	4.4 Inner and outer form
	4.5 Further reading
5 The pragmatic turn of the mid-nineteenth century
	5.1 William Dwight Whitney and his enemies
	5.2 Language as an ‘institution’
	5.3 Common Sense philosophy
	5.4 Uniformitarianism
	5.5 Further reading
6 Neogrammarian doctrine
	6.1 Young Turks
	6.2 Sound laws and analogy
	6.3 Hermann Paul’s science of principles
	6.4 Further reading
7 Critiques of Neogrammarian doctrine
	7.1 Schuchardt, Gabelentz and Whitney on the limits of sound laws
	7.2 Schmidt, Schuchardt and the wave theory
	7.3 Karl Vossler and idealism in linguistics
	7.4 Further reading
8 Language as a system
	8.1 Ferdinand de Saussure, Neogrammarian extraordinaire
	8.2 The Course in General Linguistics
	8.3 Saussure’s sources
	8.4 Further reading
9 The phoneme
	9.1 The first steps towards theorisation
	9.2 Phonetic alphabets
	9.3 Further reading
10 Prague Circle structuralism
	10.1 Structuralism and phonology
	10.2 The sources of structuralism
	10.3 The spread of structuralism
	10.4 Further reading
11 The beginnings of functionalism
	11.1 Philipp Wegener and language as action
	11.2 Wegener’s sources
	11.3 Wegener and syntax
	11.4 Further reading
12 Meaning and British linguistics
	12.1 John Rupert Firth and the ‘study of meaning in its own terms’
	12.2 Bronislaw Malinowski and the context of situation
	12.3 The background to Malinowski’s functional model of language
	12.4 Further reading
13 Functionalism in Central Europe and North America
	13.1 Karl Bühler’s Sprachtheorie
	13.2 Bühler and the Prague Circle
	13.3 Roman Jakobson and cybernetics
	13.4 Further reading
14 The beginnings of American structuralism
	14.1 Franz Boas and the Boasians
	14.2 Boasian anthropology
	14.3 Alternating sounds
	14.4 Further reading
15 Linguistic relativity
	15.1 The Sapir–Whorf hypothesis
	15.2 Boasian linguistics and relativity
	15.3 Analytic philosophy and mysticism
	15.4 Further reading
16 The culmination of American structuralism
	16.1 Edward Sapir, Leonard Bloomfield and formalism
	16.2 Bloomfield and behaviourism
	16.3 Bloomfield and logical positivism
	16.4 Distributionalism
	16.5 Further reading
17 Conclusion
Bibliography
Index