A History of Mathematical Notations: Vol. I, Notations in Elementary Mathematics

Title page......Page 1
Table of contents (detailed)......Page 5
Illustrations......Page 11
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 15
Babylonians......Page 16
Egyptians......Page 25
Phoenicians and Syrians......Page 32
Hebrews......Page 33
Greeks......Page 35
Early Arabs......Page 43
Romans......Page 44
Peruvian and North American Knot Records......Page 52
Aztecs......Page 55
Chinese and Japanese......Page 57
Hindu-Arabic Numerals......Page 59
A. Groups of Symbols Used by Individual Writers......Page 85
Signs of Addition and Subtraction......Page 243
Signs of Multiplication......Page 264
Signs of Division and Ratio......Page 282
Signs of Proportion......Page 292
Signs of Equality......Page 311
Signs of Common Fractions......Page 323
Signs of Decimal Fractions......Page 328
Signs of Powers......Page 349
Signs for Roots......Page 374
Signs for Unknown Numbers......Page 393
Signs of Aggregation......Page 398
A. Ordinary Elementary Geometry......Page 415
B. Past Struggles between Symbolists and Rhetoricians in Elementary Geometry......Page 440
INDEX......Page 447