A History of Creole Trinidad, 1956-2010: Ariel and Caliban in the Isle of Noises

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Abbreviations
List of Tables
Chapter 1: The Creole Republic: Past and Present
	Introduction
	The Ethnic Situation
Chapter 2: Sources, Methods, Theory
	Sources
	“Culture” and Modernity
	Discourse and Truth in Trinidad
	The Carnival as a Discursive Medium
	Re-considering Creolisation
	Constructing the Creole Nation
	Nationalist Structures of Feeling
Chapter 3: Tobago: Creole Society’s Doppelganger
	Tobago’s Situation
	Early History
	Tobago in the Twentieth Century
	Tobago in the Twenty-First Century
Chapter 4: Birth of a Creole Nation: 1783–1961
	Creole Society from the Beginning
	Creole Consciousness Before Independence
	Prelude: 1956–1961
Chapter 5: The Independence Decade
	The Modern Nation
	The Cultural Revolution
	Pre-independence Folk Culture
	Carnival Culture Takes Over
	Indians in the Creole Mind
	The Indians at Independence
	The Best-Educated Man in Trinidad
	Cultural Conflict and Racial Violence
	Tapia and the Alternative to Creole Nationalism
	The End of the 1960s
Chapter 6: 1970–1980: Black Power Recedes, Indian Power Surges
	The Black Power Irruption
	Black Power’s Wake
	Intra-ethnic Conflict in Creole Society
	Education, Race, and Class
	The Elections of 1971, and the Start of the Oil Boom
	The Constitution Commission Report of 1974
	The Economic Effects of the Boom
	The Social and Political Effects of the Boom
	Creole Society After Black Power
	Immigration and the Reconfigured Creole State
	The State and the Folk
	The Indians Before and After Black Power
	1979: Imagi-Nationalism Emerges
Chapter 7: The 1980s: Money, Malaise, Modernity
	The Death and Legacy of Williams
	The Culture of Mauvais Langue
	Mauvais Langue in Hard-Copy
	The PNM’s Las’ Lap: 1981–1986
	Modernity’s First Wave: 1980–1985
	Creole Culture in the 1980s
	The Indian Private World in the 1980s
	The Secular Hindu World
Chapter 8: Summing up the PNM Generation
	The Wages of the PNM
	The Creole Imaginary
Chapter 9: A Decade of Revolution: 1986, 1990, 1995
	From All Ah We Tief, to One Love
	The Responses to the NAR
	1990: The Second Revolution
	1990’s Aftershocks
	1991–1995, Politics as Unusual
	The Modern Turn in the 1990s: Media, Economy, Ethnicity
	The Modernisation of the UNC
	Modern Criminality
	The Indian Revolution: 1991–1995
	1991–1995: Creole Culture and Modernity
	Culture Outside of the Carnival
Chapter 10: The Creole Century Closes: 1996–2000
	The Unthinkable Thought; the Unthinkable, Thought
	The UNC in Government
	The Creole Response to the UNC
	The Media Manufacture the Message
	The Carnival Continues
	Modernity, Imagi-Nationalism, and the Fin de Siècle
Chapter 11: History Pauses: 2001–2002
	Bloodless Revolution
Chapter 12: Rage, Revanchism, Revenge, 2002–2010
	The Millennium and Modernity
	2002: A New Vision for the Future
	The PNM and Crime
	Hard-Hat and White-Collar Crime
	Imagi-Nationalism in the New Millennium
	Three Symbolic Models
	Symbols Come to Life: Kulturkampf
	The Indians in the Kulturkampf
	The Elections of 2007
	The Final Days of the PNM (2008–2010)
Chapter 13: Conclusion: The End of a Decade and an Era
	Another Trinidad Emerges: 2010
	Ethnic and Cultural Politics in the New Century
	History Continues
Bibliography
	Government of the Republic of Trinidad & Tobago Documents
	Colony of Trinidad and Tobago
	Commissions of Inquiry
	Daily and Weekly Newspapers (Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries)
	Non-Government Institutional Publications
	Books, Journals and Periodicals
Index