A History of Ancient Egypt

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Illustrations
Maps
Preface to the Second Edition
Chapter 1 Introductory Concerns
	1.1 What is Ancient Egypt?
		Chronological boundaries
		Geographical boundaries
		What is ancient Egyptian history?
		Who are the ancient Egyptians?
	1.2 Egypt’s Geography
		The Nile River
		The desert
		Climate
		Frontiers and links
	1.3 The Makeup of Egyptian Historical Sources
		Papyri and ostraca
		Monumental inscriptions
		Historical criticism
	1.4 The Egyptians and Their Past
		King lists
		Egyptian concepts of kingship
	1.5 The Chronology of Egyptian History
		Modern subdivisions of Egyptian history
		Absolute chronology
	1.6 Prehistoric Developments
		The beginning of agriculture
		Naqada I and II periods
	Notes
Chapter 2 The Formation of the Egyptian State (ca. 3400–2686)
	2.1 Sources
	2.2 Royal Cemeteries and Cities
		The Late Naqada culture
		Dynasty 0
	2.3 The First Kings
		Images of war
		The unification of Egypt
	2.4 Ideological Foundations of the New State
		Kings
		Cemeteries
		Festivals
		Royal annals and year names
		Gods and cults
		Bureaucracy
	2.5 The Invention of Writing
		Precursors at Abydos
		Hieroglyphic script
	2.6 Foreign Relations
		The Uruk culture of Babylonia
		Late 4th-millennium Nubia
		Late 4th-millennium Palestine
	Notes
Chapter 3 The Great Pyramid Builders (ca. 2686–2345)
	3.1 Sources
	3.2 The Evolution of the Mortuary Complex
		Djoser’s step pyramid at Saqqara
		Sneferu’s three pyramids
		The great pyramids at Giza
		Solar temples of the 5th dynasty
	3.3 Administrating the Old Kingdom State
		Neferirkara’s archive at Abusir
		Officialdom
	3.4 Ideological Debates?
		Problems of royal succession
		The gods Horus and Ra
	3.5 Foreign Relations
		Contacts with Nubia
		Contacts with Asia
		The western desert
	3.6 Later Traditions about the Old Kingdom
		Djoser and Imhotep
		Sneferu
		The great pyramid builders
Chapter 4 The End of the Old Kingdom and the First Intermediate Period (ca. 2345–2055)
	4.1 Sources
	4.2 The Rise of the Regions and Political Fragmentation
		Nomes and nomarchs
		Officials’ biographies
		Pepy II
		Why did the Old Kingdom dissolve?
	4.3 Foreign Relations
		Nubian independence
		The eastern desert and the Levant
		Mercenaries
	4.4 Competition between Herakleopolis and Thebes
		Herakleopolis
		Thebes
	4.5 Appraising the First Intermediate Period
		Middle Kingdom literary reflections
		Historical critique
	Notes
Chapter 5 The Middle Kingdom (ca. 2055–1650)
	5.1 Sources and Chronology
	5.2 Kings and Regional Elites
		Reunification and the 11th dynasty
		The start of the 12th dynasty and the foundation of Itj-tawi
		Provincial powers in the early Middle Kingdom
		Royal interference in the provinces
		Administrative reorganization
		Royal power in the 13th dynasty
	5.3 Kings as Warriors
		The annexation of Nubia
	5.4 Egypt in the Wider World
		The early Kingdom of Kush
		The eastern desert and Sinai
		Syria and Palestine
		The world beyond
		Rhetoric and practice in foreign relations
	5.5 The Cult of Osiris
	5.6 Middle Kingdom Literature and its Impact on Egyptian Culture
	Notes
Chapter 6 The Second Intermediate Period and the Hyksos (ca. 1700–1550)
	6.1 Sources and Chronology
	6.2 Avaris: Multiple Transformations of a Delta Harbor
		A history of Avaris
		Cultural hybridity
		Other immigrants
	6.3 The Hyksos
		The name Hyksos
		Hyksos origins
		Egyptian cultural influences
		Political history
		The 14th and 16th dynasties
		Hyksos rule in Palestine?
	6.4 Nubia and the Kingdom of Kush
		The independence of Lower Nubia
		The Kingdom of Kush
		Kerma
		The extent of the Kingdom of Kush
	6.5 Thebes in the Middle
		Royal tombs
		Seqenenra Taa
		Kamose’s war
	6.6 The Hyksos in Later Perspective
		Queen Hatshepsut
		The gods Ra and Seth
		Manetho and Josephus
	Notes
Chapter 7 The Birth of Empire: The Early 18th Dynasty (ca. 1550–1390)
	7.1 Egypt in a New World Order
	7.2 Sources and Chronology
	7.3 Egypt at War
		War and society in the New Kingdom
		The “war of liberation”
		The annexation of Nubia
		Wars in western Asia
	7.4 Egypt and the Outside World
	7.5 Domestic Issues
		Royal succession
		Hatshepsut
		Royal funerary customs
		New Kingdom bureaucracy
		Building activity in the early 18th dynasty
	Notes
Chapter 8 The Amarna Revolution and the Late 18th Dynasty (ca. 1390–1295)
	8.1 An International Age
		The Club of the Great Powers
		The administration of Syria and Palestine
		The rise of the Hittites
		A failed marriage alliance
	8.2 Amenhotep III: The Sun King
		Amenhotep III’s divinity and his building projects
		The king’s family
		The king’s court
	8.3 From Amenhotep III to Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten
	8.4 Akhenaten
		Theban years (years 1 to 5)
		Akhetaten (years 5 to 12)
		Turmoil (years 12 to 17)
		Akhenaten’s successors
	8.5 Akhenaten’s Memory
	Notes
Chapter 9 The Ramessid Empire (ca. 1295–1213)
	9.1 Domestic Policy: Restoration and Renewal
		Sety I
		Rameses II
	9.2 International Relations: Reforming the Empire
		Wars in Syria
		Egyptian–Hittite peace
		A new imperial structure
		Foreigners in Egypt
	9.3 Rameses’s Court
		Officials
		The royal family
	9.4 A Community of Tomb Builders
	Notes
Chapter 10 The End of Empire (ca. 1213–1070)
	10.1 Problems at Court
		Sety II and Amenmessu
		Saptah and Tausret
		Sethnakht
	10.2 Breakdown of Order
		Tomb robberies
		Workers’ strikes
	10.3 The Decline of Royal Power
	10.4 Pressures from Abroad
		Libyans and Sea Peoples
		The end of the international system
	10.5 End of the New Kingdom
	Notes
Chapter 11 The Third Intermediate Period (ca. 1069–715)
	11.1 Sources and Chronology
	11.2 Twin Cities: Tanis and Thebes (the 21st dynasty, 1069–945)
		Tanis
		Thebes
		A peaceful coexistence
	11.3 Libyan Rule (22nd to 24th dynasties, 945–715)
		Centralization and diffusion of power
		The God’s Wife of Amun
	11.4 The End of the Third Intermediate Period
		Nubian resurgence
		Saite expansion
	Notes
Chapter 12 Egypt in the Age of Empires (ca. 715–332)
	12.1 Sources and Chronology
	12.2 The Eastern Mediterranean in the 1st Millennium
	12.3 Egypt, Kush, and Assyria (ca. 715–656)
		Military incidents
	12.4 Egypt, Greeks, and Babylonians (656–525)
		Greek–Egyptian relations
		Military activity
	12.5 Recollections of the Past Under the Kings of Kush and Sais
	12.6 Egypt and Persia (525–332)
		Domination and resistance
		Mixing cultures
	Notes
Chapter 13 Greek and Roman Egypt (332 bc–ad 395)
	13.1 Sources and Chronology
	13.2 Alexandria and Philae
		Alexandria
		Philae
	13.3 Kings, Queens, and Emperors
		The Ptolemies
		Queen Cleopatra VII
		Roman Egypt
	13.4 Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians
		Administration
		Culture and religion
	13.5 Economic Developments: Agriculture, Finance, and Trade
	13.6 The African Hinterland
	13.7 The Christianization of Egypt
	Notes
Epilogue
	Note
Guide to Further Reading
	Chapter 1: Introductory Concerns
		Websites
	Chapter 2: The Formation of the Egyptian State (ca. 3400–2686)
		Websites
	Chapter 3: The Great Pyramid Builders (ca. 2686–2345)
		Websites on the pyramids
	Chapter 4: The End of the Old Kingdom and the First Intermediate Period (ca. 2345–2055)
	Chapter 5: The Middle Kingdom (ca. 2055–1650)
		Websites
	Chapter 6: The Second Intermediate Period and the Hyksos (ca. 1700–1550)
		Websites
	Chapter 7: The Birth of Empire: The Early 18th Dynasty (ca. 1550–1390)
		Websites
	Chapter 8: The Amarna Revolution and the Late 18th Dynasty (ca. 1390–1295)
		Websites
	Chapter 9: The Ramessid Empire (ca. 1295–1213)
		Websites
	Chapter 10: The End of Empire (ca. 1213–1070)
		Websites on Medinet Habu
	Chapter 11: The Third Intermediate Period (ca. 1069–715)
		Websites
	Chapter 12: Egypt in the Age of Empires (ca. 715–332)
		Websites
	Chapter 13: Greek and Roman Egypt (332 bc–ad 395)
		Websites
	Epilogue
Glossary
King List
Bibliography
Index
EULA