A grammar of Mankanya - An Atlantic language of Guinea-Bissau, Senegal and the Gambia

Table of Contents
List of Tables
Abbreviations
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 - Introduction
	1.1 Sociolinguistic situation
	1.2 Previous work
	1.3 Data sources
	1.4 Language overview
		1.4.1 Phonology
		1.4.2 Orthography
		1.4.3 Morphology and syntax
Chapter 2 - Phonology
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Phonemic tables
		2.2.1 Consonant phonemes
		2.2.2 Vowel Phonemes
		2.2.3 The mid central vowel /ə/ and [Pə] prefixes
	2.3 Contrasts
		2.3.1 Labials and Dentals
		2.3.2 Alveolars and Retroflexes
		2.3.3 Palatals
		2.3.4 Velars
		2.3.5 Vowels
	2.4 Allophones and their distribution
	2.5 Interpretation
		2.5.1 Interpretation between vowels and consonants
		2.5.2 Interpretation between units and sequences
			2.5.2.1 Prenasals
			2.5.2.2 Long vowels
		2.5.3 Glottal stop
	2.6 Syllables
	2.7 Word schemas
	2.8 Occurrences and co-occurrence restrictions
	2.9 Interpretation
	2.10 Accent
	2.11 Tone
Chapter 3 - Nouns and Nominals
	3.1 Basic word classes
	3.2 Word structure
	3.3 Noun morphology
		3.3.1 Class prefixes
			3.3.1.1 Noun class semantics
			3.3.1.2 Irregularities
			3.3.1.3 Proper noun marker
		3.3.2 Special cases
			3.3.2.1 Proper Nouns
			3.3.2.2 Borrowed words
		3.3.3 Possessor suffixes
		3.3.4 Derivational suffixes
	3.4 Compound Nouns
	3.5 Pronouns
	3.6 Summary of agreement prefixes
Chapter 4 - The Verb
	4.1 Word structure
	4.2 Inflection
		4.2.1 Subject prefixes
		4.2.2 Serial
		4.2.3 Persistive prefix
		4.2.4 Negative
		4.2.5 Selectional suffixes
		4.2.6 Co-reference prefix
		4.2.7 Object Suffixes
			4.2.7.1 Object Suffixes on Main Verbs
			4.2.7.2 Object Suffixes on Verbs with the Selectional Suffix
		4.2.8 Aspectual affixes
			4.2.8.1 Imperfective
			4.2.8.2 Completive
		4.2.9 Middle voice
		4.2.10 Imperative
	4.3 Derivation
		4.3.1 Stem Category Change (-al)
		4.3.2 Causative (-an, -ëş)
		4.3.3 Reciprocal (-ar, -ir, -ad)
		4.3.4 Benefactive (-ar, -ir, -ad)
		4.3.5 Separative (-ëş)
		4.3.6 Extensive (-ënt, -ëb)
		4.3.7 Instrumental (-na)
		4.3.8 Reduplication
Chapter 5 - Infinitives and Participles
	5.1 Infinitives
	5.2 Participles
Chapter 6 - Other word classes
	6.1 Agreeing Noun Modifiers
		6.1.1 Adjectives
		6.1.2 Determiners
		6.1.3 Cardinal numbers
		6.1.4 Ordinals
		6.1.5 Demonstratives
		6.1.6 Genitive particle
	6.2 Invariable Noun Modifiers
		6.2.1 Quantifiers
		6.2.2 Invariable locative modifiers
		6.2.3 Anaphoric demonstratives
	6.3 Prepositions
	6.4 Locatives
	6.5 Conjunctions
	6.6 Interrogatives
	6.7 Invariable Particles
	6.8 Adverbs
	6.9 Sound symbolic modifiers
Chapter 7 - Simple Syntax
	7.1 Simple Sentence
		7.1.1 Basic Verbal Sentence
			7.1.1.1 Existence
		7.1.2 Sentence with “wo” as a copula
			7.1.2.1 Stative clauses (adjectival)
			7.1.2.2 Equative clauses (nominal)
			7.1.2.1 Genitive clauses
			7.1.2.2 Locative clauses
		7.1.3 Selectional suffix sentence
		7.1.4 Non-verbal clauses
	7.2 Simple clausal modifications
		7.2.1 Negative clauses
		7.2.2 Yes/No interrogative clauses
		7.2.3 Content interrogative clauses
		7.2.4 Imperative clauses
	7.3 Noun Phrase
		7.3.1 Structure
		7.3.2 Adjectives
		7.3.3 Cardinal Numbers
		7.3.4 Genitive Constructions
			7.3.4.1 Inalienable Genitive Construction
			7.3.4.2 Alienable Genitive Construction
		7.3.5 Demonstratives
		7.3.6 Determiners
		7.3.7 Quantifiers
	7.4 Infinitival clauses
	7.5 Locative phrases
	7.6 Temporal phrases
	7.7 Pronouns
		7.7.1 Personal pronouns
			7.7.1.1 Independent subject pronouns
			7.7.1.2 Object pronouns
		7.7.2 Non-personal pronouns
			7.7.2.1 Demonstrative pronouns
			7.7.2.2 Indefinite pronoun
Chapter 8 - Verb System
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Lexical aspectual classes
	8.3 Auxiliaries and Auxiliary Verb Constructions
	8.4 Preliminary Information
		8.4.1 Analysis of k- a- prefixes
		8.4.2 Verbs with infinitive complements
	8.5 Completive and Imperfective
		8.5.1 Completive
		8.5.2 Imperfective
	8.6 Functional Overview
	8.7 Tense
		8.7.1 Future
		8.7.2 Past
		8.7.3 Sequential
	8.8 Aspectual constructions
		8.8.1 Habitual
		8.8.2 Continuative
		8.8.3 Persistive
		8.8.4 Ingressive
		8.8.5 Progressive
		8.8.6 Repetitive
		8.8.7 Terminative
	8.9 Modal constructions
		8.9.1 Obligative and Epistemic
		8.9.2 Prohibitive
	8.10 Complex Auxiliary Verb Constructions
Chapter 9 - Complex clauses
	9.1 Clauses joined by linking words
		9.1.1 Balanced clauses
		9.1.2 Relations requiring deranking
	9.2 Clauses linked by verbal forms
	9.3 Semantics of clause relations
	9.4 Subordinate clauses
		9.4.1 Complement clauses
			9.4.1.1 Modals
			9.4.1.2 Phasals
			9.4.1.3 Manipulatives
			9.4.1.4 Desideratives
			9.4.1.5 Perceptions
			9.4.1.6 Knowledge
			9.4.1.7 Propositional attitude
			9.4.1.8 Utterance
		9.4.2 Adverbial clauses
			9.4.2.1 Temporal clauses
			9.4.2.2 Manner
		9.4.3 Relative clauses
			9.4.3.1 Antecedent is the Subject of the Relative Clause
			9.4.3.2 Antecedent is a non-Subject in the Relative Clause
			9.4.3.3 Object pronouns in Relative Clauses
			9.4.3.4 Antecedent is a modifier in a genitive phrase in a Relative Clause
			9.4.3.5 Headless relative clauses
			9.4.3.6 Relative clause semantics
		9.4.4 Participle clauses
	9.5 Other types of clause linking
		9.5.1 Temporal (I)
			9.5.1.1 Temporal Succession (Is)
			9.5.1.2 Relative Time (Ir)
			9.5.1.3 Conditional (Ic)
		9.5.2 Consequence (II)
			9.5.2.1 Cause (IIc)
			9.5.2.2 Result (IIr)
			9.5.2.3 Purpose (IIp)
		9.5.3 Possible Consequence (III)
		9.5.4 Addition (IV)
			9.5.4.1 Unordered addition (IVu)
			9.5.4.2 Same event addition (IVs)
			9.5.4.3 Elaboration (IVe)
			9.5.4.4 Contrast (IVc)
		9.5.5 Alternatives (V)
			9.5.5.1 Disjunction (Vd)
			9.5.5.2 Rejection (Vr)
			9.5.5.3 Suggestion (Vs)
		9.5.6 Manner (VI)
			9.5.6.1 Real (VIr)
			9.5.6.2 Hypothetical (VIh)
	9.6 Conclusion
Chapter 10 - Coherence in Texts
	10.1 Participant reference
		10.1.1 Introduction of participants
		10.1.2 Participants which are syntactic subjects
		10.1.3 Participants which are not syntactic subjects
		10.1.4 VIP strategies
	10.2 Linking
		10.2.1 Demonstrative aŋ
		10.2.2 Renewal
			10.2.2.1 Nominal renewal
			10.2.2.2 Verbal renewal
	10.3 Points of departure
Chapter 11 - The particle kë
	11.1 Clause chaining and switch reference
	11.2 Kë after a noun phrase
	11.3 Kë with hënk di
	11.4 What sort of information does kë occur with?
	11.5 Summary
Chapter 12 - Glossed Texts
	12.1 Two women who had humps
	12.2 A voyage to the Casamance
References
Samenvatting
Curriculum vitae