A Companion to Venetian History, 1400-1797

A Companion to Venetian\rHistory, 1400–1797......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
List of Maps and Figures......Page 10
Contributors......Page 14
Acknowledgements......Page 22
Medieval and Early Modern Histories......Page 24
The Nineteenth Century......Page 29
Twentieth-Century Transformations......Page 35
Histories of Venice Today......Page 43
Conclusion......Page 44
Bibliography......Page 45
Elisabeth Crouzet-Pavan: Venice and Its Surroundings......Page 48
The Refuge Lagoons or the Origins of an Environmental Fable......Page 50
“Sopra le Acque Salse”......Page 57
The Lagoon Environment......Page 59
Chronology and Evolution of an Appropriated Space......Page 61
The Effects of Human Settlement......Page 67
Introduction......Page 70
I. The 15th Century and the “Mixed” State: Mediations and Conflicts......Page 74
II. Justice, Violence, and Politics in the 16th and 17th Centuries:\rThe Council of Trent and the Counter-Reformation State......Page 91
III. Reforms and Enlightenment: “une question mal posée”?......Page 99
a. Origins and Main Coordinates......Page 108
b. Historiography......Page 112
c. The Title to Rule, the Language of Dominion......Page 114
a. Venetian Officials in the Mainland, Authority in Venice......Page 116
b. Terraferma Institutions and Politics......Page 117
c. Venetian Policy Priorities......Page 120
a. A Change of Venetian Perspective......Page 122
b. Rural Elites and Urban Aristocracies......Page 127
a. Introduction......Page 131
b. The Aims and Limits of Venetian Policy......Page 132
c. Mainland Society......Page 139
Bibliography......Page 143
I. The Peculiarities of the stato da mar......Page 148
The See-Saw of Acquisitions and Losses......Page 154
III. Motivations and Methods of Expansion......Page 160
Rise and Decline......Page 165
Unity and Diversity......Page 167
The Reggimento System......Page 169
Central Control and Regional Organization......Page 174
V. Colonial Justice......Page 179
Catholics and Orthodox: Hierarchies and Relationships......Page 187
Venice, the stato da mar and the Renaissance Church......Page 193
The Challenge of the Catholic Reformation......Page 194
The Greek Orthodox Challenge......Page 197
The Interdict and Its Colonial Aftermath......Page 200
The Appearance of the Russians......Page 202
Communities and Councils......Page 205
Statutes and Capitoli......Page 210
Public Service and Local Officials......Page 211
Individual Fidelities......Page 216
General Characteristics......Page 221
The Impact on the Countryside......Page 223
Pirates and Corsairs......Page 225
Venice’s Defensive Forces in the stato da mar......Page 226
Fortifications......Page 229
The Navy......Page 233
IX. Internal Conflict Management......Page 236
Basic Principles of Colonial Finance......Page 240
Expenditures......Page 242
Venice’s “White Gold”: Salt and the Colonial Economy......Page 243
Colonial Land Resources......Page 245
Individual Venetian Presence Overseas......Page 247
An Imperial Economy......Page 248
Olive Oil: A Colonial Staple in the Empire’s Twilight......Page 254
Colonial Shipping and the Limits of Colonial Control......Page 256
The Judicial Recipe for Longevity......Page 258
In Search of a Turning Point......Page 260
Bibliography......Page 262
Luciano Pezzolo: The Venetian Economy......Page 278
Commercial Success......Page 279
Trade between Growth and Change......Page 287
Public Finance......Page 292
Manufactures......Page 295
The Restructuring of an Economic System......Page 299
Bibliography......Page 305
The Historiographical Debate......Page 314
The Wool Industry......Page 320
The Silk Industry......Page 326
Other Manufacturing Sectors......Page 333
Conclusions......Page 336
Bibliography......Page 337
Sources and Problems......Page 342
Family and Political Identity......Page 348
Dowry and Inheritance......Page 351
The Uncertain Boundaries of the Class of Cittadini and Its Frustrations......Page 355
Mercantile Fraterne......Page 358
Beyond the Fraterna: Individual Destinies and Choices......Page 360
Geographic, Social, and Family Mobility......Page 363
Apprenticeship and Domestic Service......Page 364
Home and Shop......Page 366
Bibliography......Page 369
An Appetizer: Coryats Crudities......Page 376
Public and Private Spaces: Elites......Page 378
Public and Private Spaces: Non-Elites......Page 386
Life Status: “Regular” and “Irregular” Marriage......Page 389
Life Status: Concubinage......Page 393
Life Status: Widows, Widowers, and Lay Singles......Page 395
Life Status: Religious Profession......Page 397
Bibliography......Page 398
1. Institutional Configuration of the Venetian Church and Jurisdictional\rConflicts......Page 402
2. Patriarchate and Patriarch......Page 403
3. Parish Configuration and the Organization of the Secular Clergy......Page 405
4. Reform Movements and New Religious Orders (15th and 16th Centuries)......Page 407
5. The Council of Trent......Page 410
6. The Relationship between Churchmen and the Faithful: Marriage,\ra Crucial Indicator......Page 411
7. Devotion......Page 416
1. Venice and Rome......Page 421
2. Venice against Rome: 1509 and 1606......Page 426
3. Venice: “Gate of the Reformation in Italy”......Page 429
4. Libertine Venice......Page 435
5. Repression?......Page 440
Conclusion......Page 441
Glory and Honor: The Principles of Charity......Page 444
Confraternities (Scuole)......Page 447
Cheap Credit, the Monte di Pietà, and the Jews......Page 450
Hospitals and Poor Laws......Page 453
The New Philanthropy......Page 459
Note on Research and Sources......Page 464
Bibliography......Page 466
Benjamin Ravid: Venice and its Minorities......Page 472
Selected Bibliography......Page 507
Edward Muir: The Anthropology of Venice......Page 510
The Participant Observer......Page 512
The Friulan “Other”......Page 513
The Uncanny......Page 516
Encounters with the “Other”......Page 521
Venetian Ritual Life......Page 524
Venetian Cultural Filters......Page 530
Bibliography......Page 532
The Oath on the Altar......Page 536
Practices and Cultural Aspects of Justice......Page 538
A Nocturnal Arrest......Page 545
End of an Outlaw......Page 547
The Great Change......Page 552
28 December 1552, Malo, A Village about Twenty Kilometers North\rof Vicenza......Page 555
The Legal System in the Venetian State......Page 557
A Restless Youth......Page 559
The Night of the Locusts......Page 561
Guido Ruggiero: Wayfarers in Wonderland: The Sexual Worlds of Renaissance Venice Revisited......Page 566
Foundations of Renaissance Intellectual Culture......Page 594
The Arrival of Humanism......Page 598
Humanist Politics and Historiography......Page 602
Christian Humanism in Venice......Page 609
Philosophy on the Rialto......Page 611
Carnival in Venice......Page 614
The Worth of Women......Page 621
Venice Preserved......Page 624
Bibliography......Page 626
Overview......Page 638
Literature......Page 639
Publishing......Page 640
The Early Decades: Wartime Disruption and Renewed Creativity......Page 642
Literature in Venetian......Page 649
The Middle Decades: Return to Traditional Values......Page 651
Women Writers......Page 653
The Stage......Page 654
Political Assertiveness Renewed Then Dampened......Page 656
Literature, Melodrama, and Publishing......Page 657
Early Development of Realism......Page 661
Goldoni’s Reform: An Overview......Page 662
Goldoni’s Early Theatrical Career......Page 664
Goldoni’s Reform Takes Shape......Page 665
Goldoni’s Final Years in Venice, Carlo Gozzi, Gasparo Gozzi......Page 666
Literature, Theater and Publishing in the Final Years of the Republic......Page 667
The 16th Century......Page 669
The 17th Century......Page 670
The 18th Century......Page 671
The Cosmopolitan City......Page 674
Information and Journalism......Page 678
The Venetian Book between the 16th and the 18th Centuries......Page 680
Censorship......Page 688
Book Consumption and Popular Literature......Page 691
Bibliography......Page 694
Medieval Background......Page 698
The Renaissance Expansion of Schooling......Page 700
Catholic Reformation Schooling......Page 707
The Reforms of the 1770s......Page 711
Jewish Schooling......Page 717
Bibliography......Page 719
William Eamon: Science and Medicine in Early Modern Venice......Page 724
The Mathematical Renaissance......Page 725
Mechanics......Page 727
Niccolò Tartaglia and the Science of Ballistics......Page 728
Humanism and Medicine: Tradition and Innovation......Page 731
The Anatomical Revolution......Page 732
Aristotelianism at Padua......Page 735
The Shock of the New......Page 736
New Worlds versus Ancient Authority......Page 738
Venice as an Emporium......Page 739
Natural History......Page 743
The Medical World of Early Modern Venice......Page 744
Charlatans, Empirics, and Popular Healers......Page 746
Public Health and the Control of Plague......Page 748
Medicine and the Supernatural......Page 753
The Scientific Underworld of Early Modern Venice......Page 754
The End of the Renaissance......Page 757
After Galileo: The Enlightenment and Science in Venice......Page 758
Newtonian Debates in the Veneto......Page 759
Conclusion......Page 760
Bibliography......Page 761
Architectural Fabric......Page 766
Imago Urbis......Page 770
Archives and Antiquarians......Page 771
Print Culture......Page 773
Typologies......Page 778
Architectural Hierarchy......Page 782
Style......Page 786
Architectural Patronage......Page 791
Architects and Proti......Page 792
Republic and Empire......Page 794
Town and Country......Page 796
Devotion and Memorialization......Page 799
A Note on Sources......Page 801
Sculpture......Page 802
Casa and Palazzo......Page 809
The Scuole......Page 812
The State......Page 815
Sacred Spaces......Page 821
A Note on Sources......Page 827
Selected Issues and Themes......Page 828
Part One: The 17th Century......Page 834
From Padovanino to Tiberio Tinelli......Page 835
The Contribution of Foreign Artists: The Foresti......Page 836
The Tenebrosi......Page 837
Born in the Fifties: Bambini, Dorigny, Bellucci, Lazzarini, Molinari......Page 845
Quadraturismo......Page 848
At the End of the Century: Between Classicism and the Nascent Barochetto......Page 850
Part Two: The 18th Century: The Golden Twilight......Page 854
The Grand Manner......Page 856
Visions of the City......Page 867
A New Spirit......Page 873
Bibliography for the 17th Century......Page 881
Bibliography for the 18th Century......Page 883
Music at San Marco......Page 888
Ceremonial Music and the Myth of Venice......Page 893
Sacred Music Outside of San Marco......Page 894
Instrumental Music and Instrument Manufacture......Page 897
Secular Vocal Music......Page 899
Music Publishing......Page 900
Music Theory......Page 902
Music in Venetian Painting......Page 903
Bibliography......Page 904
Introduction......Page 912
Costume and Costume Books......Page 916
Textile Production and Trade in Venice......Page 923
Silk Industry in Venice......Page 926
Velvet Production in Venice......Page 928
Wool Production in Venice......Page 931
Women’s Work in the Textile Industry in Venice: Lace and Silk......Page 935
Women’s Accessories......Page 937
Women’s Dress in the 1400s......Page 938
1500s......Page 940
The Colors and Fashions of Male Dress......Page 943
Bibliography......Page 947
1. Venetian and the Historical Disciplines......Page 952
2. Venice and Venetian: A Historical Overview......Page 959
Chronological Classification......Page 964
Typological Classification......Page 965
4. Origins to Affirmation:\rVenetian Language and Demographics up to 1500......Page 968
5. Venetian 1500–1797: From Language to Dialect......Page 973
Bibliography......Page 978
Appendix I: Venetian Doges 1400–1797......Page 982
Appendix II......Page 983
Index......Page 984