A Common Law Theory of Judicial Review: The Living Tree

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 4
Title......Page 6
Copyright......Page 7
Dedication......Page 8
Contents......Page 10
Acknowledgements......Page 12
A. A Charter of Rights......Page 14
B. The Structure of the Argument......Page 23
C. The Scope of the Analysis......Page 25
A. Constitutional Democracy......Page 28
B. The Nature of Constitutions......Page 32
C. Sovereign versus Government......Page 38
D. Constitutional Limitation......Page 40
E. Constitutional Law and Constitutional Convention......Page 41
F. Montesquieu and the Separation of Powers......Page 43
G. Entrenchment......Page 54
H. “Writtenness”......Page 60
I. Constitutional Interpretation and Constitutional Theories......Page 65
i. Fixed View 1: Original Meaning......Page 69
ii. Fixed View 2: Original Intent......Page 73
iii. Fixed View 3: Hypothetical Intent......Page 76
iv. Dworkin’s Interpretive Theory......Page 78
v. Critical Theory......Page 82
A. Taking Stock......Page 87
B. From Regas to Demos......Page 89
C. Representation......Page 92
D. An Analogy: Patient Advocacy......Page 94
E. Authenticity and the Doctrine of Informed Consent......Page 98
F. Representation in Assemblies......Page 104
G. Problems in Demos......Page 110
ii. Simple Prejudice......Page 112
iii. Fear of “the Other”......Page 113
I. Atticus and the Language Law......Page 116
J. Two Conceptions of Democracy......Page 119
K. Atticus Again......Page 122
L. Lessons to Be Learned – The Standard Case......Page 128
M. Further Elements......Page 133
A. The Road Ahead......Page 136
B. Four Questions......Page 141
i. The Denial of Self-Government......Page 146
ii. Entrenchment and Self-Government......Page 148
iii. Charter Review and Self-Government......Page 157
iv. Hobbesean Predators and Respect for Persons......Page 163
v. The Threat of Radical Dissensus: An Idiot’s Search for Ulysses’ Mast......Page 166
vi. The Threat of Moral Nihilism......Page 168
vii. Philosopher Kings and Queens......Page 175
viii. Judges and the Elites of Society......Page 176
ix. The Futility of “Results Driven” Arguments......Page 180
x. Charters and the Level of Public Debate......Page 184
A. A Fresh Start......Page 193
B. Hart and the Promise of Law......Page 196
i. Uncertainty and the Rule of Recognition......Page 200
ii. Stasis and Rules of Change......Page 201
iii. Inefficiency and Rules of Adjudication......Page 202
C. The Dangers of Law: The Descent into Hart’s Hell......Page 203
D. The Limits of Law: Rule and Discretion......Page 207
E. Common Law Method......Page 210
F. Raz and the Powers of Common Law Courts......Page 212
G. A Common Law Charter?......Page 216
H. “Top-Down” and “Bottom-Up” Methodology......Page 217
I. Lessons to Be Learned......Page 221
A. Anteing Up......Page 229
B. Other Options?......Page 231
C. Morality and the Charter......Page 233
D. Types of Morality......Page 236
E. Identifying a Community’s Constitutional Morality......Page 237
F. Further Replies to the Critics......Page 243
i. Personal Morality Still Being Imposed......Page 244
ii. A Community’s Constitutional Morality and Legal Precedent......Page 245
iii. A Community’s Constitutional Morality and the Protection of Minorities......Page 249
iv. Judicial Determination of Charter Rights Still Undemocratic......Page 251
G. A Return to Waldron......Page 253
H. Waldron’s Strategy......Page 260
I. Waldron’s Cartesian Dilemma......Page 262
J. The Dignity of Legislation......Page 267
K. The Circumstances of Rule Making......Page 271
L. Concluding Thoughts......Page 283
Bibliography......Page 286
Index......Page 292