A Brief History of Nuclear Reactor Accidents: From Leipzig to Fukushima

Preface
Introduction
	The First Ever Nuclear Reactor Accident
Contents
List of Figures
List of Photos
List of Tables
1: The Physics of Nuclear Accidents
	The Physics of Nuclear Fission
	Some Basic Technology
	The Reactor Accidents
	The Radioactive Releases
2: Reactor Accidents in the Early Days of Nuclear Power
	Windscale, a Fire in the Reactor (England, 1957)
	Vandellos, a Fire of Turbo-Blowers (Spain, 1989)
	Vinča, a Serious Criticality Accident (Винча, 1958)
	Zoé, a Near Criticality Accident (France, Circa 1948)
	Santa Susana, a Partial Blockage of the Flow in the Core (California, 1959)
	Idaho Falls, a Control Rod Ejection (USA, 1961)
	Barentz Sea, the Submarine K-19 Suffers a Loss of Primary Coolant Accident (USSR, 1961)
	Fermi-1, Fuel Melting in a Sodium Cooled Reactor (1966, Michigan, USA)
	Chapelcross, a Carbon Dioxide Flow Blockage and Magnesium Cladding Melting (1967, Great Britain)
	Siloé, Melting of Fuel Plates (Grenoble, France, 1967)
	Lucens, Partial Fusion of a Fuel Rod (Switzerland, 1969)
	Saint Laurent des Eaux A1 (France, 1969), Saint Laurent des Eaux A2 (France, 1980)
	Bohunice A1: (Czechoslovakia, 1976, 1977)
	Constituyentes RA-2 (Argentina, 1983)
3: The Three-Mile-Island Accident
	French Post-TMI Action Plan
	Conclusion
4: The Chernobyl Accident
	The RBMK Reactor Type
	Chernobyl (1986, Ukraine)
	Chernpbyl Forever?
	Sosnovy Bor: The Precursor Accident of Chernobyl (Leningrad, Russia, 1975)
	Sosnovy Bor (Leningrad, Russia, 1992)
5: The Fukushima Accident
	And France?
	The “Blayais” Case
	The Consequences of Fukushima in France
	The Ultimate Safety Diesel (DUS)
	The SEU System: The Ultimate Cold Source
Conclusions and Perspectives
	Zaporizhzhia or the Madness of Men
	What Future for Nuclear Energy?
Appendix A: The INES Scale
Appendix B: The Deterministic Approach to Barrier Design: Applications to Pressurized Water Reactors
	Incident/Accident Classes
	Deterministic Safety Criteria
Appendix C: History of Significant Nuclear Reactor Accidents in the World
Bibliography