5 Steps to a 5 AP Statistics, 2008-2009 Edition

Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 13
About the Author......Page 14
The Basics......Page 15
Step 1 Set Up Your Study Program......Page 19
Background Information......Page 21
Some Frequently Asked Questions About the AP Statistics Exam......Page 22
Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP Statistics Exam......Page 28
Calendar for Each Plan......Page 30
Step 2 Determine Your Test Readiness......Page 33
3 Take a Diagnostic Exam......Page 35
AP Statistics Diagnostic Test......Page 37
Answers and Explanations......Page 47
Interpretation: How Ready Are You?......Page 56
Step 3 Develop Strategies for Success......Page 57
4 Tips for Taking the Exam......Page 59
Tips for Multiple-Choice Questions......Page 60
Tips for Free-Response Questions......Page 61
Specific Statistics Content Tips......Page 63
Step 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High......Page 65
5 Overview of Statistics/Basic Vocabulary......Page 67
Descriptive versus Inferential Statistics......Page 68
Collecting Data: Surveys, Experiments, Observational Studies......Page 69
Random Variables......Page 70
6 One-Variable Data Analysis......Page 73
Graphical Analysis......Page 74
Measures of Center......Page 80
Measures of Spread......Page 82
Position of a Term in a Distribution......Page 85
Normal Distribution......Page 88
Scatterplots......Page 105
Correlation......Page 107
Lines of Best Fit......Page 111
Residuals......Page 114
Coefficient of Determination......Page 116
Outliers and Influential Observations......Page 117
Transformations to Achieve Linearity......Page 118
8 Design of a Study: Sampling, Surveys, and Experiments......Page 131
Samples......Page 132
Sampling Bias......Page 134
Experiments and Observational Studies......Page 136
Probability......Page 152
Random Variables......Page 157
Normal Probabilities......Page 161
Simulation and Random Number Generation......Page 163
Rules for the Mean and Standard Deviation of Combined Random Variables......Page 166
Binomial Distributions......Page 180
Normal Approximation to the Binomial......Page 183
Geometric Distributions......Page 185
Sampling Distributions......Page 186
Sampling Distributions of a Sample Proportion......Page 190
11 Confidence Intervals and Introduction to Inference......Page 203
Estimation and Confidence Intervals......Page 204
Confidence Intervals for Means and Proportions......Page 207
Sample Size......Page 212
Statistical Significance and P-value......Page 214
The Hypothesis-Testing Procedure......Page 216
Type-I and Type-II Errors and the Power of a Test......Page 217
12 Inference for Means and Proportions......Page 233
Significance Testing......Page 234
Inference for a Single Population Mean......Page 236
Inference for the Difference Between Two Population Means......Page 239
Inference for a Single Population Proportion......Page 241
Inference for the Difference Between Two Population Proportions......Page 243
Simple Linear Regression......Page 261
Inference for the Slope of a Regression Line......Page 263
Confidence Interval for the Slope of a Regression Line......Page 265
Inference for Regression Using Technology......Page 267
Chi-square Goodness-of-Fit Test......Page 281
Inference for Two-Way Tables......Page 286
Step 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence......Page 303
AP Statistics Practice Exam 1......Page 307
AP Statistics Practice Exam 2......Page 337
Appendices......Page 351
Formulas......Page 352
Tables......Page 354
Bibliography......Page 358
Web sites......Page 359
C......Page 360
M......Page 361
R......Page 362
T......Page 363
Z......Page 364