21st Century Management: A Reference Handbook - Volume Two

COVER......Page 1
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
VOLUME ONE......Page 6
VOLUME TWO......Page 9
PREFACE......Page 12
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 13
ASSOCIATE EDITORS......Page 18
ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS......Page 20
PART VIII - TEAMING IN AND BEYOND ORGANIZATIONS IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY......Page 36
50. THE EVOLVING NATURE OF WORK TEAMS......Page 37
TEAM EFFECTIVENESS......Page 38
A BRIEF HISTORY OF WORK TEAMS......Page 39
SELF-INTEREST DILEMMA......Page 40
INFORMATION ASYMMETRY DILEMMA......Page 41
INTEREST ASYMMETRY DILEMMA......Page 42
EMOTION RECOGNITION DILEMMA......Page 43
VIRTUAL TEAMS......Page 44
EMOTION RECOGNITION DILEMMA......Page 45
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 46
51. COLLABORATIVE INNOVATION......Page 49
FROM INDIVIDUAL CUSTOMER KNOWLEDGE TO SOCIAL CUSTOMER KNOWLEDGE......Page 50
REACH: ALLOWING FIRMS TO REACH BEYOND CURRENT CUSTOMERS, MARKETS, AND GEOGRAPHY......Page 51
PEER-TO-PEER: ALLOWING ACCESS TO CUSTOMER-GENERATED SOCIAL KNOWLEDGE......Page 52
IDEA GENERATION......Page 53
PRODUCT DESIGN......Page 54
PRODUCT LAUNCH......Page 56
CONCLUSIONS, MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR RESEARCH......Page 57
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 58
52. COORDINATION IN GLOBAL TEAMS......Page 59
TEAM TASK CHARACTERISTICS......Page 60
SOCIAL IDENTITY......Page 61
TEMPORAL BOUNDARIES......Page 62
CULTURE......Page 63
MECHANISTIC COORDINATION......Page 64
ORGANIC PROCESSES......Page 65
COORDINATION THROUGH TEAM COGNITION......Page 66
CONCLUSION: ACHIEVING THE APPROPRIATE COORDINATION MIX......Page 67
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 68
53. TRANSNATIONAL TEAMS IN KNOWLEDGE-INTENSIVE ORGANIZATIONS......Page 69
KNOWLEDGE-BASED VIEW AS A STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT THEORY OF THE MULTINATIONAL FIRM......Page 70
INTERNAL PERSPECTIVES......Page 72
EXTERNAL PERSPECTIVES......Page 74
KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION AND APPLICATION IN TRANSNATIONAL TEAMS......Page 75
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS......Page 76
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 77
THE NATURE OF CONFLICTS IN TEAMS AND THEIR ANTECEDENTS......Page 79
DIVERSITY AS A TRIGGER OF CONFLICTS IN WORK TEAMS......Page 80
APPROACHES TO CONFLICT MANAGEMENT......Page 81
ANTECEDENTS OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT PATTERNS IN WORK TEAMS......Page 83
OUTCOMES OF CONFLICTS AND CONSEQUENCE OF DISPUTE MANAGEMENT DYNAMICS IN WORK TEAMS......Page 85
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 88
PART IX - HUMAN RESOURCES AS A KEY STRATEGIC FACTOR......Page 90
55. HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY......Page 91
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 98
56. MANAGING IN THE NEW ECONOMY......Page 100
RESTRUCTURING AND ITS RESULTS: SURVEYING THE LITERATURE......Page 101
TREND ONE: ORGANIZATIONAL BOUNDARIES WERE SHIFTING AND SHRINKING AS ORGANIZATIONS CONCENTRATED ON CORE COMPETENCIES IN THE PROVI......Page 103
TREND TWO: DOWNSIZING AND DELAYERING WERE WIDESPREAD ACROSS ORGANIZATIONS AND THIS APPLIED TO MANAGERIAL POSITIONS.......Page 104
TREND FOUR: WHILE MIDDLE MANAGERS’ EXPERIENCES VARIED, THEY WERE ACUTELY AWARE OF WORK INTENSIFICATION, FEARFUL OF JOB INSECURIT......Page 106
CONCLUSION: THE NEW TOUGHNESS OF MIDDLE MANAGEMENT LIFE IN THE 21ST CENTURY......Page 108
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 109
CROSS-REFERENCES......Page 110
INTRODUCTION TO WORK-HOME INTERACTION: A REALITY TO BE NOTICED......Page 111
WORK-HOME INTERACTION: RELATED CONCEPTS AND CONSEQUENCES......Page 112
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE WHI......Page 113
EMPLOYEE STRATEGIES......Page 116
ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGIES......Page 117
CONCLUSION......Page 119
CROSS-REFERENCES......Page 120
58. EXTERNAL COMPETITIVENESS......Page 121
LEAD RELATIVE WAGE STRATEGY......Page 122
LAG RELATIVE WAGE STRATEGY......Page 123
EXTERNAL SALARY LEVEL DETERMINATION......Page 124
COMPONENTS OF COMPENSATION......Page 125
FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS......Page 126
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 127
INTRODUCING FLEXIBLE LABOR: FIRM DEMANDS AND WORKER NEEDS......Page 128
WHY INTERNAL NUMERICAL FLEXIBILITY: A FIRM AND WORKER PERSPECTIVE......Page 129
INTERNAL FUNCTIONAL FLEXIBILITY: EMPLOYABILITY WITHIN THE FIRM......Page 130
INTERNAL FUNCTIONAL FLEXIBILITY: CONSEQUENCES FOR FIRMS AND WORKERS......Page 131
WHY EXTERNAL NUMERICAL FLEXIBILITY: A FIRM AND WORKER PERSPECTIVE......Page 132
EXTERNAL NUMERICAL FLEXIBILITY: CHALLENGING COMMON SENSE AND RESEARCH FINDINGS......Page 133
WHY EXTERNAL FUNCTIONAL FLEXIBILITY: A FIRM AND WORKER PERSPECTIVE......Page 134
FLEXIBLE CHAMPIONS: CREATING WIN-WIN SITUATIONS......Page 135
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 136
EMPLOYEE HEALTH PROMOTION AS A BUSINESS IMPERATIVE......Page 138
TYPES OF EMPLOYEE WELLNESS PROGRAMS......Page 140
KEYS FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF HEALTH AND WELLNESS PROGRAMS......Page 141
CHALLENGES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WELLNESS PROGRAMS......Page 142
SUMMARY......Page 143
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 144
61. CAREER MANAGEMENT......Page 145
THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 1: THE CONTEXT OF CAREERS......Page 146
CAREER DECISION MAKING AND "FIT"......Page 147
STRATEGIES OF CAREER SELF-MANAGEMENT (CSM)......Page 148
THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 3: ORGANIZATIONAL CAREER MANAGEMENT......Page 149
MUTUAL BENEFITS FROM OCM......Page 150
INTERNATIONAL CAREER MANAGEMENT......Page 152
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 153
CONCEPTUAL MODELS OF INDIVIDUAL CAREERS......Page 155
STUDYING CAREERS......Page 162
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 163
63. THE CHANGING NATURE OF MID- AND LATE CAREERS......Page 165
THE CHANGING NATURE OF WORK, WORKERS, AND THE WORKFORCE IN THE 21ST CENTURY......Page 166
INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL FACTORS......Page 167
JOB-LEVEL FACTORS......Page 168
ORGANIZATIONAL-LEVEL FACTORS......Page 169
THE TRANSITION TO RETIREMENT......Page 170
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS......Page 171
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION......Page 172
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 173
PART X - GENDER AND DIVERSITY IN ORGANIZATIONS......Page 174
DEFINING DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT......Page 175
THE EMERGENCE OF FIDIVERSITY MANAGEMENT......Page 176
MORE COMPREHENSIVE MODELS OF DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT......Page 177
INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES......Page 179
EFFECTS OF DIVERSITY ON GROUP AND ORGANIZATION OUTCOMES......Page 180
FUTURE DIRECTIONS......Page 183
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 184
DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT......Page 185
EXPLANATIONS OF ETHNIC MINORITY ENTREPRENEURSHIP......Page 186
METHODS......Page 189
APPLICATIONS OF THEORIES......Page 190
FUTURE DIRECTIONS......Page 191
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 192
WORK MOTIVATION: AN OVERVIEW......Page 195
AGE-RELATED INFLUENCES ON WORK MOTIVATION......Page 196
ADULT DEVELOPMENT INFLUENCES......Page 197
ADULT DEVELOPMENT AND WORK MOTIVATION......Page 198
AGE AS A GROUPING VARIABLE......Page 199
TRAINING......Page 201
SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS......Page 202
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 203
67. FAMILY-FRIENDLY ORGANIZATIONS......Page 205
AN OPEN SYSTEMS VIEW OF WORK AND FAMILY......Page 206
FAMILY-FRIENDLY PRACTICES: WORK SCHEDULES......Page 208
FAMILY-FRIENDLY PRACTICES: DEPENDENT CARE BENEFITS......Page 210
OTHER BENEFITS......Page 211
SOME GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON FAMILY-FRIENDLY PRACTICES......Page 212
BEST PRACTICES......Page 213
CROSS-REFERENCES......Page 214
PART XI - ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR......Page 216
MOTIVATION THEORIES......Page 217
INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS AT WORK......Page 218
SELF-CATEGORIZATION......Page 219
SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION......Page 220
COMMITMENT......Page 221
LEADERSHIP......Page 222
GROUP PERFORMANCE......Page 224
FUTURE DIRECTIONS......Page 225
SUMMARY......Page 226
CROSS-REFERENCES......Page 227
INTRINSIC MOTIVATION......Page 228
GROWTH......Page 229
CRITIQUE OF SOURCE-BASED PERSPECTIVES......Page 230
INTRINSIC REWARDS AND THE BEHAVIOR OF EMPLOYEES......Page 231
AGE......Page 232
PUBLIC-SECTOR WORK EXPERIENCE......Page 233
FUTURE DIRECTIONS......Page 234
SUMMARY......Page 235
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 236
CROSS-REFERENCES......Page 237
70. WHY SELF-SET GOALS MAY SOMETIMES BE NON-MOTIVATING......Page 238
DOES PETER HAVE A "SMARTCH" GOAL......Page 239
DOES PETER’S GOAL CAUSE CONFLICT WITH HIS NEEDS?......Page 240
HOW DOES PETER SUCCEED IN THE FACE OF HINDERING IMPULSES?......Page 241
DOES PETER FACE EXTERNAL BARRIERS OR OBSTACLES?......Page 242
MOTIVATION IS NOT ALL ABOUT GOALS—IT IS ALSO ABOUT DOING SOMETHING JOYFULLY......Page 243
THE VISION: MOTIVATION TOWARD A HIGHER PURPOSE......Page 244
CROSS-REFERENCES......Page 245
HISTORY OF ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS RESEARCH......Page 246
PERCEPTIONS OF POLITICS......Page 247
POLITICAL TACTICS AND STRATEGIES......Page 248
MACRO CAUSES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIOR......Page 249
SOCIAL IDENTITY AND SELF-CATEGORIZATION THEORIES......Page 250
MITIGATION OF CORROSIVE POLITICAL BEHAVIOR......Page 251
PERCEPTIONS OF FAIRNESS......Page 252
MANAGEMENT OF POLITICS AS A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE......Page 253
CROSS-REFERENCES......Page 254
72. UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGING MISBEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATIONS......Page 255
ANTECEDENTS OF OMB......Page 256
GROUP-LEVEL ANTECEDENTS......Page 257
INTRAPERSON MANIFESTATIONS......Page 258
INTERPERSONAL MANIFESTATIONS......Page 259
PROPERTY MANIFESTATIONS......Page 260
PREVENTION AND RESPONSE......Page 261
OMB INTERVENTIONS......Page 262
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 264
CONCEPTUALIZING PARANOID COGNITION IN ORGANIZATIONS......Page 266
ORIGINS OF PARANOID COGNITIONS IN ORGANIZATIONS......Page 268
UNCERTAINTY ABOUT SOCIAL STANDING......Page 269
EXAGGERATED PERCEPTIONS OF CONSPIRACY......Page 271
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 272
COMMUNICATIONS FRAMEWORK......Page 274
NETWORKS......Page 275
LEADERSHIP SHARING NETWORKS......Page 276
WHAT OTHERS SEEK OF YOU AND WHAT YOU SHOULD SEEK OF OTHERS......Page 277
RESOLVE AMBIGUITY......Page 278
GETTING PICKED......Page 279
CONTINGENT COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGIES......Page 280
RESEARCH FINDINGS......Page 281
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 282
INTERCULTURAL MISCOMMUNICATION......Page 284
THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF CULTURE......Page 285
CULTURAL CHANGE......Page 286
PEASANT VILLAGES: BETWEEN THE NEOLITHIC AND THE POSTINDUSTRIAL......Page 287
ADAPTATION OF BUSINESS OPERATIONS TO THE HOST CULTURE......Page 288
FOREIGN LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION......Page 290
FOCUS ON INTERCULTURAL ERRORS......Page 291
INTERCULTURAL GUIDELINES......Page 292
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 293
76. EMOTION IN ORGANIZATIONS......Page 294
DEFINING EMOTION......Page 295
AFFECTIVE EVENTS THEORY (AET)......Page 296
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE (EI)......Page 297
DECISION MAKING AND NEGOTIATION......Page 298
MOTIVATION/GOALS......Page 299
LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT......Page 300
CROSS CULTURAL ASPECTS OF EMOTIONS......Page 301
DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH......Page 302
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 303
CROSS-REFERENCES......Page 304
PART XII - LEADERSHIP WITHOUT BOUNDARIES......Page 306
ORGANIZATIONAL CHALLENGES......Page 307
PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS......Page 308
LEADER BEHAVIORS......Page 309
GLOBALIZATION: LEADERSHIP ACROSS CULTURES......Page 310
ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO LEADERSHIP OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE......Page 311
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 315
DEFINITIONAL ISSUES......Page 316
DISTANCE......Page 317
COMMUNICATION QUANTITY......Page 318
COLLOCATION......Page 319
LEADERSHIP......Page 320
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE......Page 321
DO NOTS......Page 323
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 324
CROSS-REFERENCES......Page 325
79. LEADERSHIP IN INTERORGANIZATIONAL NETWORKS......Page 326
MARKETS, HIERARCHIES, AND NETWORKS......Page 327
NETWORK RATIONALE: FORMATION AND STRUCTURE......Page 328
NETWORK PROCESS......Page 329
COMPLEXITY AND AMBIGUITY OF NETWORK MANAGEMENT......Page 330
LEADERSHIP OF INTERORGANIZATIONAL NETWORKS......Page 331
LEADERSHIP ACTIVITIES......Page 332
LEADERSHIP AND POWER......Page 333
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 334
THEORY I: IMPLICIT LEADERSHIP THEORIES......Page 336
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION AND INFORMATION PROCESSING......Page 337
ROMANCE OF LEADERSHIP......Page 338
SATISFACTION AND PERFORMANCE......Page 339
DECISION MAKING......Page 340
360-DEGREE FEEDBACK......Page 341
FUTURE DIRECTIONS......Page 342
AWARENESS OF ILTS......Page 343
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 344
CROSS-REFERENCES......Page 345
INTRODUCTION......Page 346
THE FRAGMENTED STATUS OF PRACTICES......Page 347
THE FRAGMENTED STATUS OF THEORY AND RESEARCH......Page 348
AN INTEGRAL FRAMEWORK FOR LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONS......Page 349
THE SOCIAL/SYSTEM QUADRANT......Page 350
INTERRELATING SPHERES AND THEORIES OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEADERSHIP PRACTICE AND STUDIES......Page 351
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES AND LINES OF LEADERS AND LEADERSHIP WITHIN AN INTEGRAL CYCLE......Page 352
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND METHODOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS......Page 354
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 356
CROSS-REFERENCES......Page 357
82. THE GLOBAL MANAGER’S WORK......Page 358
GLOBAL ORGANIZATIONS......Page 359
GLOBAL MANAGEMENT......Page 360
CONCEPTS: EXPLORING THE KEY PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING GLOBAL MANAGEMENT......Page 361
CROSS-CULTURAL VALUES......Page 362
GLOBAL LEADER COMPETENCIES......Page 363
SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY......Page 364
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY......Page 365
PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL......Page 366
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE......Page 367
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 368
CROSS-REFERENCES......Page 369
PART XIII - INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WITH MOBILITY AND ETHICS......Page 370
KNOWLEDGE......Page 371
ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING......Page 373
KNOWLEDGE REPOSITORIES......Page 374
KM/KMS SUCCESS......Page 375
INTERNET-BASED KMS......Page 376
EXAMPLES OF INTERNET-BASED KMS......Page 377
ENTERPRISE SYSTEM SUPPORT FOR KMS......Page 378
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES......Page 379
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 380
TWO EXAMPLES: GLOBAL SALES FORCE AND LOCAL MAINTENANCE WORKERS......Page 383
DRIVERS OF MOBILE VIRTUAL WORK......Page 385
INDIVIDUAL E-WORK......Page 386
DISTRIBUTED COLLABORATION......Page 388
EMBEDDED SPACES......Page 389
BENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS OF WORKING IN MULTIPLE PLACES......Page 391
MANAGING A MOBILE WORKFORCE......Page 393
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 394
CROSS-REFERENCES......Page 395
FACTORS INFLUENCING TELEWORK’S GROWTH......Page 396
POSITIVE IMPACTS ON INDIVIDUALS......Page 397
NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON INDIVIDUALS......Page 398
POSITIVE IMPACTS ON ORGANIZATIONS......Page 399
NEGATIVE IMPACTS ON ORGANIZATIONS......Page 400
THREE KEY CONSIDERATIONS IN UNDERSTANDING THE NATURE OF TELEWORK’S IMPACT......Page 401
PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS......Page 402
TELEWORK IMPLEMENTATION AND SUGGESTIONS FOR SUCCESS......Page 403
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 404
86. ELECTRONIC MONITORING OF PERSONAL WEB USE AT WORK......Page 405
THE ECONOMIC ARGUMENT......Page 406
THE PWU TREND IN TODAY’S WORKPLACE......Page 407
PWU-BASED MONITORING TECHNOLOGY......Page 408
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT......Page 409
GROUP-LEVEL FACTORS......Page 410
ORGANIZATIONAL-LEVEL FACTORS......Page 411
FUTURE DIRECTIONS......Page 412
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 413
CROSS-REFERENCES......Page 414
87. INFORMATION PRIVACY IN ORGANIZATIONS......Page 415
ELECTRONIC PERFORMANCE MONITORING......Page 416
"OPEN OFFICING,"  "HOT DESKING," AND "HOTELLING"......Page 417
MANAGERIAL FRAMEWORK......Page 418
FACTORS AFFECTING INFORMATION PRIVACY......Page 419
OUTCOMES OF INFORMATION PRIVACY......Page 420
INFORMATION PRIVACY AND HEWLETT-PACKARD......Page 421
CONCLUSIONS......Page 423
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 424
INTERNET: FROM MONOLINGUAL TO MULTILINGUAL......Page 426
GLOBAL E-COMMERCE AND MULTILINGUAL WEB SITES......Page 427
MAJOR CHALLENGES FOR MULTILINGUAL WEB SITES......Page 428
MAIN SOLUTIONS TO THE CHALLENGES FOR MULTILINGUAL WEB SITES......Page 430
WEB SITE INTERNATIONALIZATION AS A SOLUTION TO THE CHALLENGE OF TECHNICAL DIFFERENCES......Page 431
FUTURE TRENDS......Page 432
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 433
WHAT IS THE ISSUE?......Page 436
INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL......Page 437
ORGANIZATIONAL CAPITAL......Page 438
SOCIAL CAPITAL......Page 439
WHY MANAGE THE INTANGIBLE?......Page 440
WHAT ARE THE PAYOFFS?......Page 443
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 444
BACKGROUND AND RELEVANT TECHNICAL ISSUES......Page 446
TAG TYPES AND SIZES......Page 447
FREQUENCIES AND READ RANGES......Page 448
INBOUND LOGISTICS......Page 449
OUTBOUND LOGISTICS......Page 450
EFFECTIVENESS BENEFITS......Page 451
AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR BUILDING THE BUSINESS CASE......Page 452
CASE EXAMPLE 1: CUSTOMER SERVICE BY A THIRD-PARTY LOGISTICS PROVIDER......Page 453
CASE EXAMPLE 3: ASSET AND PATIENT MANAGEMENT BY A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER......Page 454
IMPROVING THE USEFULNESS OF RFID......Page 455
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 456
PART XIV - ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE IN THE 21ST CENTURY......Page 458
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND AGENCY......Page 459
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE......Page 460
THE SHORT HISTORY OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AGENCY......Page 461
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND AGENCY......Page 462
CHANGE AGENT ROLES AND CHARACTERISTICS......Page 463
ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERS AS CHANGE AGENTS: A KNOWING AND TELLING ROLE......Page 464
TEAMS AS CHANGE AGENCY: STILL PERFORMING......Page 465
INTELLECTUALS AS CHANGE AGENTS: AN ADVISING ROLE......Page 466
MENTORS AS CHANGE AGENTS: AN ACTION ROLE......Page 467
THE SUCCESS AND FAILURE OF CHANGE INITIATIVES......Page 468
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 469
WHAT IS OD?......Page 470
OD VALUES......Page 471
OD TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS......Page 472
ATTITUDE SURVEY TECHNIQUES......Page 473
GRID OD......Page 474
THE CHANGING CONTEXT......Page 475
THE CHANGING VALUES AND PRACTICE OF OD PRACTITIONERS......Page 476
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 477
THE ESPOUSED DEFINITION OF OD......Page 479
OD DEFINED IN PRACTICE......Page 480
THE EFFECT OF HUMANISTIC VALUES......Page 481
HOW THE FIELD SHOULD BE DEFINED......Page 482
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 483
PERIODICALS......Page 484
DEFINITIONS......Page 485
INDIVIDUAL CREATIVITY......Page 486
THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CREATIVITY......Page 487
THE OSBORN-PARNES CREATIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING PROCESS......Page 488
CREATIVITY STYLES: APPROACHES TO CPS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TEAMS......Page 489
OBSTACLES TO SUCCESSFUL INNOVATION......Page 490
THE CLIMATE FOR INNOVATION......Page 492
IMPROVING CORE BUSINESS......Page 493
SUMMARY......Page 494
CROSS-REFERENCES......Page 495
95. ORGANIZATIONAL MEMORY......Page 496
PSYCHOLOGY LITERATURE......Page 497
SOCIAL RETRIEVAL CONSTRUCT......Page 498
ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT TASK ENVIRONMENTS......Page 499
EMPIRICAL TESTS......Page 500
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS......Page 501
DISCUSSION......Page 502
IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGERS......Page 503
CONCLUSION......Page 504
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 505
96. WHY CATASTROPHIC ORGANIZATIONAL FAILURES HAPPEN......Page 506
CRITIQUE OF NORMAL ACCIDENT THEORY......Page 507
FROM PROXIMATE CHOICES TO PATTERNS OF DECISIONS......Page 508
FROM DECISION MAKING TO SENSEMAKING......Page 509
FROM COMPETING THEORIES TO MULTIPLE, MUTUALLY REINFORCING LENSES......Page 510
FROM FAILURE TO SUCCESS: HIGH RELIABILITY ORGANIZATIONS......Page 511
FUTURE DIRECTIONS......Page 512
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 514
PART XV - NON-BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS: NEW PERSPECTIVES......Page 516
97. ARTS MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN THE 21ST CENTURY......Page 517
ISSUES IN ARTS MANAGEMENT......Page 518
ARTS ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR STAKEHOLDERS......Page 519
LEADERSHIP......Page 520
GOVERNANCE......Page 521
STRATEGY AND DECISION MAKING......Page 522
VOLUNTEERS......Page 523
CONCLUSION: THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTS MANAGEMENT......Page 524
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 525
98. HOSPITAL PLANNING FOR WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION INCIDENTS......Page 526
ESTABLISHING REGIONAL RELATIONSHIPS......Page 527
UNDERSTANDING CITIZEN RESPONSE TO TERRORISM......Page 528
INTEROPERABLE COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT......Page 529
ADOPTING A SYSTEM FOR MANAGING THE INCIDENT......Page 530
DEALING WITH PATIENT SURGE......Page 531
PROTECTING STAFF, PATIENTS, AND VISITORS......Page 532
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT......Page 533
THE IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING AND EXERCISING......Page 534
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 535
99. UNIQUE ASPECTS OF MANAGING SPORT ORGANIZATIONS......Page 536
SPORT CONSUMER BEHAVIOR......Page 537
GOVERNMENT RELATIONS......Page 538
SPORT REGULATION......Page 539
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE......Page 540
SPORT CULTURE......Page 541
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT......Page 543
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 544
PHILANTHROPY......Page 545
APPROACHES TO FOUNDATION MANAGEMENT......Page 546
OROSZ’S CHALLENGES......Page 547
CREATIVE FOUNDATIONS AND OROSZ’S TRADE-OFFS......Page 549
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READINGS......Page 551
INDEX......Page 554