21st Century Communication: A Reference Handbook (21st Century Reference)

Cover Page......Page 1
Title Page......Page 3
ISBN 978-1412950305......Page 4
VOLUME ONE......Page 5
VOLUME TWO......Page 8
PREFACE......Page 11
ABOUT THE EDITORS......Page 13
ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS......Page 15
PART I THE DISCIPLINE OF COMMUNICATION......Page 29
COMMUNICATION AS AN IDEA AND AS AN IDEAL......Page 31
COMMUNICATION AS A FIELD AND AS A DISCIPLINE......Page 40
THE SPEECH TRADITION......Page 50
THE JOURNALISM TRADITION......Page 59
PART II APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF COMMUNICATION......Page 67
PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACHES TO COMMUNICATION......Page 69
RHETORICAL AND TEXTUAL APPROACHES TO COMMUNICATION......Page 77
QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES TO COMMUNICATION RESEARCH......Page 85
QUALITATIVE, ETHNOGRAPHIC, AND PERFORMATIVE APPROACHES TO COMMUNICATION......Page 93
CRITICAL/CULTURAL APPROACHES TO COMMUNICATION......Page 102
FEMINIST APPROACHES TO COMMUNICATION......Page 110
QUEER APPROACHES TO COMMUNICATION......Page 118
PART III KEY PROCESSES OF COMMUNICATION......Page 127
MESSAGE CONSTRUCTION AND EDITING......Page 129
COGNITION AND INFORMATION PROCESSING......Page 138
PERSPECTIVE TAKING, ADAPTATION, AND COORDINATION......Page 147
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION......Page 156
LISTENING, UNDERSTANDING, AND MISUNDERSTANDING......Page 165
PERFORMANCE AND STORYTELLING......Page 175
PERSUASION AND COMPLIANCE GAINING......Page 184
IDENTITY AS CONSTITUTED IN COMMUNICATION......Page 193
PART IV FORMS AND TYPES OF COMMUNICATION......Page 203
CONVERSATION, DIALOGUE, AND DISCOURSE......Page 205
INTERVIEWING......Page 214
PUBLIC SPEAKING......Page 222
DELIBERATION, DEBATE, AND DECISION MAKING......Page 230
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AND MEDIATION......Page 239
VISUAL RHETORIC......Page 248
MEMORIALS AND OTHER FORMS OF COLLECTIVE MEMORY......Page 256
PART V KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF MESSAGES......Page 265
THE INTERPLAY OF VERBAL AND NONVERBAL CODES......Page 267
RHETORICAL STYLE......Page 277
GENRE......Page 285
DRAMATIC ELEMENTS IN MESSAGES......Page 294
RHETORICAL EXIGENCY, STRATEGY, AND ARGUMENTATION......Page 303
SOCIAL SUPPORT......Page 311
PART VI KEY COMMUNICATION RELATIONSHIPS......Page 321
SPOUSES AND OTHER INTIMATE PARTNERSHIPS......Page 323
CHILDREN, PARENTS, AND GRANDPARENTS......Page 331
FRIENDS......Page 341
DATING AND ROMANTIC PARTNERS......Page 350
SUPERVISORS, SUBORDINATES, AND COWORKERS......Page 359
SOCIAL GROUPS, WORKGROUPS, AND TEAMS......Page 368
STUDENTS AND TEACHERS......Page 377
PATIENTS, DOCTORS, AND OTHER HELPING RELATIONSHIPS......Page 386
PART VII FACTORS AFFECTING COMMUNICATION......Page 397
GENDER......Page 399
ETHNICITY......Page 408
SEXUAL ORIENTATION......Page 415
CULTURE......Page 424
RISK......Page 433
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION......Page 443
GLOBALIZATION......Page 452
PART VIII CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR COMMUNICATION......Page 461
ETHICAL AND UNETHICAL COMMUNICATION......Page 463
COMPETENT AND INCOMPETENT COMMUNICATION......Page 472
UNWANTED COMMUNICATION, AGGRESSION, AND ABUSE......Page 482
SEXUAL HARASSMENT......Page 491
DECEPTION......Page 499
BIAS......Page 507
PART IX MEDIA AS COMMUNICATION......Page 515
TRADITIONAL AND NEW MEDIA......Page 517
MEDIA PORTRAYALS AND REPRESENTATIONS......Page 525
MEDIA USES AND GRATIFICATIONS......Page 534
AGENDA SETTING AND FRAMING......Page 544
CULTIVATION AND MEDIA EXPOSURE......Page 553
VIRTUAL REALITY AND PRESENCE......Page 562
COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION......Page 571
GROUP DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS......Page 578
MEDIA LITERACY......Page 586
PART X COMMUNICATION AS A PROFESSION......Page 597
PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION PRACTICES......Page 599
PART XI JOURNALISM......Page 609
THE IDEA OF JOURNALISM......Page 611
THE CHANGING NATURE OF “NEWS”......Page 620
REPORTING, STORY DEVELOPMENT, AND EDITING......Page 628
INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM......Page 637
MAGAZINE AND FEATURE WRITING......Page 646
PHOTOJOURNALISM......Page 654
BROADCAST JOURNALISM......Page 663
NEW MEDIA JOURNALISM......Page 671
MEDIA LAW IN THE UNITED STATES......Page 680
JOURNALISM ETHICS......Page 689
INTERNATIONAL JOURNALISM......Page 698
THE BUSINESS OF JOURNALISM......Page 707
PART XII PUBLIC RELATIONS......Page 715
HISTORY AND CONCEPTS OF PUBLIC RELATIONS......Page 717
THEORIES AND EFFECTS OF PUBLIC RELATIONS......Page 726
PUBLIC RELATIONS RESEARCH......Page 734
ETHICS IN PUBLIC RELATIONS......Page 743
ISSUES MANAGEMENT......Page 752
CAMPAIGN DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT......Page 760
CRISIS COMMUNICATION......Page 769
POLITICAL COMMUNICATION......Page 777
INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC RELATIONS......Page 786
THE BUSINESS OF PUBLIC RELATIONS......Page 795
PART XIII ADVERTISING......Page 805
HISTORY OF ADVERTISING......Page 807
RESEARCH IN ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN DESIGN......Page 816
CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND COPYWRITING IN ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS......Page 825
MEDIA PLANNING FOR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS......Page 833
INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION......Page 843
SOCIAL MARKETING CAMPAIGNS......Page 850
INTERNATIONAL ADVERTISING......Page 858
THE BUSINESS OF ADVERTISING......Page 868
PART XIV MEDIA MANAGEMENT......Page 877
MEDIA ECONOMICS AND OWNERSHIP......Page 879
MEDIA POLICY AND REGULATION......Page 887
RADIO AND TELEVISION PROGRAMMING......Page 896
MEDIA CONVERGENCE......Page 905
A......Page 913
B......Page 916
C......Page 919
D......Page 926
E......Page 928
F......Page 930
G......Page 932
H......Page 935
I......Page 937
J......Page 940
K......Page 941
L......Page 942
M......Page 944
N......Page 948
O......Page 950
P......Page 951
Q,R......Page 956
S......Page 959
T......Page 963
U......Page 966
V......Page 967
W......Page 968
Z......Page 970