Youth Cultures in a Globalized World: Developments, Analyses and Perspectives

Contents
Contributors
Youth Cultures, Lifeworlds and Globalisation—An Introduction
	1 Youth and Globalisation
	2 Lifeworlds and Political Participation
	3 Identity and Cultural Diversity
	4 Digitalisation, Economy and Work
	5 Final Remarks and Acknowledgments
Youth and Globalisation
The North American Notion of Youth: Creating a Transformative and Critical Youth Pedagogy for Leadership
	1 Adult Fears
	2 Do Adults Want Youth to Lead?
	3 How Do We Change the Adult Notion of Youth?
	4 Changing Adult Fixations on Youth
	5 Creating a Transformative Critical Pedagogical Youth Leadership
	6 And Now?
	References
Social Transformation of Youth and Youth Cultures in Europe: Trends, Theories and the Relevance of Youth Cultural Scenes
	1 Youth and Social Transformation
	2 Youth in a Pluralised and Globalised Society
	3 Youth, Socialisation Spheres and Lifeworlds
	4 Youth, Living Conditions and Protest
	5 On the Significance of Youth Culture
	6 Theories of Youth Cultures
	7 Contemporary Youth Cultures
		7.1 Music-Oriented Youth Cultures
		7.2 Sports- and Body-Oriented Youth Cultures
		7.3 Computer- and Media-Oriented Youth Cultures
		7.4 Ideologically Oriented Youth Cultures
		7.5 Fan Cultures
	8 Conclusion and Perspectives for Youth Work and Politics
	References
Adolescence and Migration: On the Importance of Orders of Belonging
	1 Adolescence as a Space of Possibilities
	2 Natio-Racial-Cultural Coded Orders of Belonging
	3 Concluding Remark—the Power of Belonging
	References
The Nature of Youth. Or: On the Assumed Disappearance of Youth in the Present Society
	1 On the Current Discourse on Youth
	2 Observations on the Life Situation of Young People
		2.1 Demography and the Labour Market
		2.2 Children Rather Than Young People
		2.3 Youth in Their Assigned Space
		2.4 Social Problems Rather Than Youth Problems
		2.5 Temporal Destructuring—How Lifetimes Disappear
		2.6 The de-Dramatisation of the Family
		2.7 Youth as School Population
		2.8 The Youthfulness of Society
		2.9 The Dictates of Work
		2.10 An Inevitable Fact: Digitalisation
		2.11 The Price of Market Radical Capitalism
	3 Solace: The Nature of Youth
	References
Lifeworlds and Political Participation
Lifeworlds and Cultures of Australian Youth in a Globalised World
	1 The Global Context of Australian Youth Lifeworlds
	2 Youth Lifeworlds in Australia: A De-industrial Multicultural Settler-Colonial State in the Asian Region
	3 Australian Youth Culture Studies and the British Intellectual Legacy of the Subculture/Post-subculture Paradigm
	4 Theorising Diasporic and Hybrid Youth Cultures and Enhancing Concepts of Cultural Identity
	5 Transnational Creative, Digital and Political Cultures and Solidarities
	6 Intersections of the Local, the Digital and the Global in the Everyday Cultures of Mobile Youth
	7 Conclusions
	References
Globalising Local Voices: Youth Cultures and Participation in Democratic Processes in Uganda
	1 Introduction
	2 Globalisation, Youth Cultures and Participation
	3 The Context
	4 Methods
	5 Results
		5.1 From Patronage to a Laid Back Youth Culture
		5.2 Emerging Youth Cultures: From Laid Back to Confrontation
		5.3 Adhoc but Effective Youth Cultures in Confronting Social Injustice
	6 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Youth in the Anthropocene: Questions of Intergenerational Justice and Learning in a More-Than-Human World
	1 Introduction: The Anthropocene and Young People
	2 Young People’s “Skolstrejk för Klimatet”
	3 Relations of Injustice and Exploitation
		3.1 Temporal Injustice
		3.2 Spatial Injustice
		3.3 Species Injustice
	4 Intergenerational Learning
	5 Conclusion: Youth Research and Youth Work for a More-Than-Human World
	References
Youth Cultures, Right-Wing Extremism and Violence
	1 Introduction
	2 Right-Wing Extremism—Definitions, Prevalence and Theoretical Explanations
	3 Lifeworlds and Right-Wing Extremism of Young People
		3.1 Breaking Up Relationships and Violence—“Behind the Gates of Valhalla”
		3.2 Mistreatment and Disorientation—“a Chameleon on the Scout”
		3.3 Sexual Violence—“My Right-Wing Attitude Is My Personality”
	4 Resumé
	References
Identity and Cultural Diversity
Research on Chinese Youth’s Values in the New Era
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Theoretical Background
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Subjects
		4.2 Procedure
	5 Results
		5.1 Safety
		5.2 Economy
		5.3 Aesthetics
		5.4 Knowledge
		5.5 Belonging and Self-Actualization
		5.6 Individual Values
	6 Discussion
	References
Opening up Localities to the Wider World and the Postmigrant Generation: New Forms of Resistance and Self-Assertion
	1 Cosmopolitanized Spaces of Action
	2 From Hegemony to Everyday Practice
	3 Migration Background Turns Underground: Counter-Hegemonic Attitudes
		3.1 Media: The Periodical Das Biber—Mit Scharf
		3.2 Comedy Grenzgänger (Comedy Border Crossers)
		3.3 EsRap
		3.4 The Non-adults: Those in Tutelage
		3.5 Secondos and Secondas
	4 Summing Up: Subversive Resistance
	References
Body, Gender and Beauty: Modified Bodies Between Youth Culture Designs, Constructed Identity Models and Coping Strategies
	1 Opening Remark
	2 Body Modifications and Bodily Experiences: An Epistemological Approach
	3 Body, Gender Order and the Power of Beauty
	4 Mika: “I Think My Identity Changed the Moment I Said: I Still Don’t Want to Be a Boy!”
	5 Summarizing Reflection
	6 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Youth and Interculturality in Vienna: Gaming Intervention in Intercultural Contexts—Two Project Cases
	1 Introduction
	2 How to Accomplish Intercultural Learning, Social Integration, and Participation Through the Medium of (Online) Games
		2.1 Project Case 1: “Serious Beats”
		2.2 Project Case 2: “Sparkling Games”
	3 Theoretical Considerations
		3.1 (Digital) Games and Project-Based Learning
		3.2 Acculturation and Social Participation
		3.3 Social Connections and Friendship Cultures
	4 Mixed Methods and Challenges of Research
		4.1 Gaming Intervention Within a Mixed-Methods Design
		4.2 Game-Design Methods for Social Learning
		4.3 Challenges to Be Mentioned
	5 Results and Learnings
		5.1 Is Gaming Suited for Social Participation and Connections?
		5.2 Changing Ego Networks
		5.3 “Sparkling Games”—Effects of Game-Based Learning
	6 Overall Project Outcomes and Research Implications for the Future
	Appendix: Videos
	References
Digitalisation, Economy and Work
“Glocalized” Digital Youth Cultures
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodological Notes
	3 Girls on Instagram
	4 Boys in Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games
	5 Tween Girls on TikTok
	6 Political Activism of Young People on Facebook and YouTube
	7 Conclusions
	References
Consumption, Middle Class and Youth
	1 Youth and Consumerism: Introduction
	2 Consumption and Social Stratification
	3 Changes to the Middle Classes: Empirical Observations
	4 Links Between Youth, Consumption and de-Middledization
	References
Youth and Unemployment: Societal Ramifications—An Empirical Study
	1 Introduction and Framing the Problem
	2 Social Conditions of Youth Unemployment
		2.1 Youth and Social Change
		2.2 On the Meaning of Gainful Employment for the Identity Development of Adolescents
	3 Aims, Methodological Approach and Key Data of the Empirical Survey
	4 Societal Ramifications of Youth Unemployment
		4.1 Risk of Poverty and Social Exclusion
		4.2 Health-Related Consequences
		4.3 Societal Ramifications
	5 Summary and Leverage Points for Sparking Improvement
	References
Little Economists in Global Virtual Markets: An Analysis of the Relationship Between Digital Virtual Worlds and Children’s Economic Engagement
	1 Introduction
	2 Globalization of Consumer Culture
	3 Virtual Marketplace Cultures
	4 Digital Kids—An Emerging Consumer Subculture
	5 Children’s Digital Virtual Worlds
	6 Children as Targets of Global Digital Markets
		6.1 Virtual Production
		6.2 Virtual Distribution
		6.3 Virtual Consumption
	7 Conclusion
	References