Wrightsman's Psychology and the Legal System

Cover......Page 1
Statement......Page 2
Title Page\n......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Dedication......Page 5
Brief Contents......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 19
About the Authors......Page 23
Ch 1: Psychology and the Law: Choices and Roles......Page 25
The Importance of Laws......Page 26
The Psychological Study of Law......Page 28
Basic Choices in the Psychological Study of the Law......Page 29
Psychologists’ Roles in the Law......Page 41
Summary......Page 47
Key Terms......Page 48
Ch 2: The Legal System: Issues, Structure, and Players......Page 49
The Adversarial System......Page 50
Legality versus Morality......Page 51
What Is Justice?......Page 54
Courts......Page 57
Players in the Legal System: Judges......Page 60
Players in the Legal System: Lawyers......Page 63
Summary......Page 67
Key Terms......Page 68
Orienting Questions......Page 69
Offending in the United States......Page 70
Why Does Crime Happen?......Page 72
Theories of Crime as Explanations of Criminal Behavior......Page 73
Integration of Theories of Crime......Page 88
Key Terms......Page 92
Orienting Questions......Page 93
Selection of Police Officers......Page 94
Fitness-for-Duty Evaluations......Page 99
Training in Crisis Intervention......Page 100
Stress and the Police......Page 108
Police–Community Relations......Page 111
Summary......Page 115
Key Terms......Page 116
Ch 5: Eyewitnesses to Crimes and Accidents......Page 117
Introduction......Page 118
Examples of Mistaken Eyewitness Identification......Page 119
How Mistaken Eyewitness Identifications Occur......Page 120
Basic Information Processing......Page 121
The Variables That Affect Eyewitness Accuracy......Page 124
Reforming Identification Procedures......Page 126
Safeguards against Mistaken Identification......Page 130
Children as Witnesses......Page 132
Repressed and Recovered Memories......Page 137
Summary......Page 141
Key Terms......Page 142
Ch 6: Psychology of Victims of Crime and Violence......Page 143
Perception of Those Who Experience Crime and/or Violence......Page 144
Types of Victims......Page 145
Adversity and Trauma in Childhood......Page 146
Violence, Crime, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder......Page 148
Battered Spouses......Page 151
The Psychology of Rape......Page 155
Sexual Harassment......Page 163
Offenders’ Experience as Victims of Crime and Violence......Page 167
Summary......Page 168
Key Terms......Page 169
Orienting Questions......Page 170
Profiling of Criminal Suspects......Page 171
Detecting Deception......Page 178
Evaluating Confessions......Page 186
Summary......Page 196
Key Terms......Page 197
Ch 8: Traditional Prosecutions: Arrest, Bail, Plea Negotiation/Settlement, and Trial......Page 198
Introduction......Page 199
Steps between Arrest and Trial......Page 200
The Decision to Set Bail......Page 203
Plea Bargaining in Criminal Cases......Page 206
Settlements in Civil Cases......Page 209
What Is the Purpose of a Trial?......Page 212
Steps in the Trial Process......Page 213
Summary......Page 219
Key Terms......Page 220
Orienting Questions......Page 221
Alternative Dispute Resolution......Page 222
Community Alternatives to Standard Prosecution......Page 225
Key Terms......Page 236
Orienting Questions......Page 237
The Scope of Forensic Psychology......Page 238
Competence......Page 240
The Insanity Defense......Page 249
Juvenile Transfer......Page 260
Summary......Page 261
Key Terms......Page 263
Ch 11: Forensic Assessment in Civil Cases......Page 264
Introduction......Page 265
Experts in the Adversarial System......Page 266
Psychological Damages to Civil Plaintiffs......Page 269
Workers’ Compensation......Page 273
Civil Competencies......Page 276
Psychological Autopsies......Page 279
Child Custody and Parental Fitness......Page 281
Civil Commitment and Risk Assessment......Page 285
Summary......Page 288
Key Terms......Page 289
Orienting Questions......Page 290
Who Should Decide: Jury or Judge?......Page 291
Jury Selection Begins in the Community: Forming a Panel, or Venire......Page 296
Jury Selection Continues in the Courtroom: The Voir Dire Process......Page 298
Pretrial Publicity......Page 310
Summary......Page 316
Key Terms......Page 317
Orienting Questions......Page 318
Introduction......Page 319
Are Juries Competent?......Page 321
Are Juries Biased?......Page 334
The Story Model......Page 338
Jury Reform......Page 339
The Jury: Should It Be Venerated or Vilified? Revered or Reviled?......Page 340
Summary......Page 341
Key Terms......Page 342
Ch 14: Punishment and Sentencing......Page 343
Introduction......Page 344
The Purposes of Punishment......Page 345
Judicial Discretion in Sentencing......Page 350
Determinants of Sentencing: Relevant and Irrelevant......Page 352
Sentencing Juvenile Offenders......Page 353
The Death Penalty: The Ultimate Punishment......Page 359
Sentencing Sex Offenders......Page 355
Summary......Page 368
Key Terms......Page 369
Orienting Questions......Page 370
Juvenile Corrections......Page 371
Multisystemic Therapy (MST)......Page 373
Oregon Treatment Foster Care (OTFC)......Page 375
Functional Family Therapy (FFT)......Page 376
Adult Corrections......Page 380
Summary......Page 393
Key Terms......Page 394
Glossary......Page 395
References......Page 407
Name Index......Page 464
Subject Index......Page 479