Wound Care. A Collaborative Practice Manual for Health Professionals

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
FOREWORD
PREFACE
	A NEW LOOK FOR THE FOURTH EDITION
	NEW FEATURES OF THE FOURTH EDITION
	ASSEMBLING A WORLD-CLASSINTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM
	ORGANIZATION OF THE FOURTH EDITION
	OUR AUDIENCE
	MAKING A DIFFERENCE: A VISION
	ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
CONTRIBUTORS
REVIEWERS
APPRECIATIONS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CONTENTS
PART I: Introduction to Wound Care
	References
	CHAPTER 1: The Wound Care Process
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		STEP 1: ASSESSMENT
		STEP 2: DIAGNOSIS
		STEP 3: PROGNOSIS AND GOALS
		REEVALUATION
		CONCLUSION
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
		APPENDIX 1A: Patient History Form
		APPENDIX 1B: Focused Assessment for Wounds
		APPENDIX 1C: Sample Case Report Using HCFA-700
	CHAPTER 2: Skin and Soft Tissue Anatomy and Wound Healing Physiology
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SKIN AND SOFT TISSUES
		WOUND HEALING PHYSIOLOGY: AN OVERVIEW
		INFLAMMATORY PHASE
		HYPOTHERMIA, PLATELET ACTIVATION, AND THE COAGULATION CASCADE
		VASODILATION
		INFLAMMATORY PHASE IN CHRONIC WOUNDS
		EPITHELIALIZATION PHASE
		EPITHELIALIZATION PHASE IN CHRONIC WOUNDS
		PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
		PROLIFERATIVE PHASE IN CHRONIC WOUNDS
		REMODELING PHASE
		REMODELING PHASE IN CHRONIC WOUNDS
		SUMMARY
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 3: Assessment of the Patient, Skin, and Wound
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		FACTORS AFFECTING WOUND HEALING
		THE WOUND ASSESSMENT PROCESS
		ASSESSMENT OF SKIN AND WOUND ATTRIBUTES
		WOUND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
		WOUND SEVERITY DIAGNOSIS
		EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING STATUS
		ASSESSING WOUNDS IN THE INFLAMMATORY PHASE
		ASSESSING WOUNDS IN THE PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
		ASSESSING WOUNDS IN THE EPITHELIALIZATION PHASE
		REFERRAL CRITERIA
		SELF-CARE TEACHING GUIDELINES
		CONCLUSION
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 4: Wound Measurements and Prediction of Healing
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		INITIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN WOUND MEASUREMENT
		WOUND MEASUREMENT: LINEAR METHODS
		WOUND MEASUREMENT: WOUND TRACINGS
		WOUND MEASUREMENT: WOUND PHOTOGRAPHY
		REFERRAL CRITERIA AND SOURCES
		SELF-CARE GUIDELINES
		CONCLUSION
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		RESOURCES
		REFERENCES
		SUGGESTED READINGS
	CHAPTER 5: Tools to Measure Wound Healing
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING WOUND HEALING TOOLS
		WOUND CHARACTERISTICS ASSESSED IN WOUND HEALING MEASUREMENT TOOLS
		SUSSMAN WOUND HEALING TOOL
		PRESSURE ULCER SCALE FOR HEALING
		THE BATES-JENSEN WOUND ASSESSMENT TOOL
		WOUND HEALING ASSESSMENT TOOLS DEVELOPED FOR SPECIFIC NEEDS OR POPULATIONS
		CONCLUSION: CLINICAL UTILITY OF WOUND HEALING ASSESSMENT TOOLS
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
		APPENDIX 5A: LONG FORM SWHT AND PROCEDURES FOR USING THE SWHT
		APPENDIX 5B: PRESSURE ULCER SCALE FOR HEALING AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
		APPENDIX 5C: POMPEO INDIVIDUAL PATIENT PRESSURE ULCER SCALE FOR HEALING FORM
		APPENDIX 5D: THE BATES-JENSEN WOUND ASSESSMENT TOOL (BWAT)
	CHAPTER 6: Vascular Evaluation
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		PROCEDURE FOR VASCULAR EVALUATION
		NONINVASIVE ARTERIAL STUDIES
		INVASIVE ARTERIAL STUDIES
		STUDIES OF VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY
		REFERRAL CRITERIA
		SELF-CARE TEACHING GUIDELINES
		CONCLUSION
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 7: Assessment and Treatment of Nutrition
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		NUTRITIONAL SCREENING
		NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT
		THE ROLE OF NUTRIENTS IN WOUND HEALING
		NUTRITION BASED ON WOUND ETIOLOGY
		NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT
		DOCUMENTATION OF MEDICAL NUTRITION THERAPY
		CONCLUSION
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
		Appendix 7A: Mini Nutritional AssessmentMNA®
		Appendix 7B: Mini Nutritional AssessmentMNA®
		Appendix 7C: Medical Nutrition Therapy Quarterly/MDS Progress Note
		Appendix 7D: Monthly Medical Nutrition Therapy Tube Feeding Progress Note
PART II: Management by Wound Etiology
	CHAPTER 8: Management of Acute Surgical Wounds
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		FACTORS AFFECTING HEALING IN ACUTE WOUNDS
		ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ACUTE SURGICAL WOUND
		SURGICAL WOUND HEALING BY SECONDARY AND TERTIARY INTENTION
		OUTCOME MEASURES
		REFERRAL CRITERIA
		SELF-CARE TEACHING GUIDELINES
		CONCLUSION
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 9: Pressure Ulcers: Pathophysiology, Detection, and Prevention
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		PRESSURE ULCER SIGNIFICANCE
		PRESSURE ULCER PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
		CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF PRESSURE ULCERS
		PRESSURE ULCER DETECTION
		DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
		PRESSURE ULCER RISK SCREENING
		PRESSURE ULCER PREVENTION STRATEGIES
		IMPLEMENTING PRESSURE ULCER PREVENTION PROGRAMS: WHAT WORKS?
		TELEHEALTH AND PRESSURE ULCER CARE
		OUTCOME MEASURES
		REFERRAL CRITERIA
		SELF-CARE TEACHING GUIDELINES
		CONCLUSION
		RESOURCES
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 10: Management of Pressure by Therapeutic Positioning
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		NEED FOR THERAPEUTIC POSITIONING
		EVALUATING PATIENTS FOR THERAPEUTIC POSITIONING
		INTERVENTION IN THE SITTING POSITION
		INTERVENTION IN THE RECUMBENT POSITION
		SELF-CARE TEACHING GUIDELINES
		CONCLUSION
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		RESOURCES
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 11: Management and Diagnosis of Vascular Ulcers
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		SIGNIFICANCE
		ARTERIAL MACROVASCULAR SYSTEM
		ARTERIAL MICROVASCULAR SYSTEM
		VENOUS MACROVASCULAR SYSTEM
		VENOUS MICROVASCULAR SYSTEM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
		CONCLUSIONS
		REVIEW QUESTION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 12: Management of the Neuropathic Foot
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		PATHOGENESIS AND TYPICAL PROGRESSION
		SYSTEMS REVIEW AND EXAMINATION
		FURTHER VISUAL AND PHYSICAL ASSESSMENTS
		INTERVENTIONS
		SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
		CARE OF THE SKIN AND NAILS OF THE NEUROPATHIC FOOT
		SELF-CARE TEACHING GUIDELINES
		CONCLUSION
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		RESOURCES
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 13: Management of Common Foot Problems
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		TINEA PEDIS
		PLANTAR FASCIITIS
		ONYCHOMYCOSIS
		MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS
		SELF-CARE TEACHING GUIDELINES
		CONCLUSION
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 14: Management of Malignant Cutaneous Wounds and Fistulas
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		MALIGNANT CUTANEOUS WOUNDS
		FISTULAS
		CONCLUSION
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 15: Management of Burn Injuries
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		BURN CLASSIFICATION
		BURN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
		BURN WOUND TREATMENT
		CONCLUSION
		SELF-CARE TEACHING GUIDELINES
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 16: Management of Scar
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		SCAR TISSUE: FORMATION AND COMPLICATIONS
		ASSESSMENT OF SCARS
		INTERVENTIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF SCAR
		SELF-CARE TEACHING GUIDELINES
		CONCLUSION
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		RESOURCES
		REFERENCES
PART III: Management by Wound Characteristics
	CHAPTER 17: Management of Necrotic and Nonviable Tissue
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		SIGNIFICANCE OF DEBRIDEMENT
		DEBRIDEMENT FREQUENCY
		RECOGNITION OF TISSUE FOR DEBRIDEMENT
		DEBRIDEMENT OF NECROTIC TISSUE
		OUTCOME MEASURES
		REFERRAL CRITERIA
		SELF-CARE TEACHING GUIDELINES
		CASE STUDIES
		CONCLUSION
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		RESOURCES
		REFERENCES
		Appendix 17A
	CHAPTER 18: Management of Exudate, Biofilms, and Infection
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		SIGNIFICANCE OF EXUDATE
		SIGNIFICANCE OF INFECTION
		MANAGEMENT OF EXUDATE AND INFECTION
		OUTCOME MEASURES
		REFERRAL CRITERIA
		SELF-CARE TEACHING GUIDELINES
		CONCLUSION
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 19: Management of Edema
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		SIGNIFICANCE
		ETIOLOGY OF EDEMA
		PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF EDEMA
		ASSESSMENT
		MANAGEMENT OF EDEMA
		OUTCOME MEASURES
		SELF-CARE TEACHING GUIDELINES
		CONCLUSION
		ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 20:  Management of the Wound Environment with Dressings and Topical Agents
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		INTRODUCTION TO MOIST WOUND HEALING
		INTERACTIVE WOUND DRESSINGS
		MISCELLANEOUS DRESSINGS
		TOPICAL ANTIMICROBIALS
		DRESSING CHOICE
		CONCLUSION
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 21: Management of the Wound Environment with Advanced Therapies
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		GROWTH FACTORS
		BIOLOGICAL SKIN SUBSTITUTES
		SUMMARY
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 22: Management of Wound Pain
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF WOUND PAIN
		PERSISTENT (NEUROPATHIC) PAIN
		RESEARCH ON CHRONIC WOUND PAIN
		VARIATIONS IN THE EXPERIENCE OF PAIN ACCORDING TO WOUND ETIOLOGY
		ASSESSMENT OF WOUND PAIN
		DIAGNOSIS OF WOUND PAIN
		MANAGEMENT OF WOUND PAIN
		REASONS FOR REFERRAL
		SELF-CARE TEACHING GUIDELINES
		DRUG TREATMENT
		NONDRUG TREATMENT
		CONCLUSION
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
PART IV: Management of Wound Healing with Biophysical Agent Technologies
	BIOPHYSICAL AGENTS AND THEELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
	BIOPHYSICAL AGENTS UNRELATED TO EMS
	CANDIDACY FOR INTERVENTION
	PRIMARY OR ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY
	FUNCTIONAL WOUND COST OUTCOMES MANAGEMENT
	UTILIZATION REVIEW AND COST OUTCOMES MANAGEMENT
	CHAPTER 23: Electrical Stimulation for Wound Healing
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		THERAPEUTIC ELECTRICAL CURRENTS: CHARACTERISTICS AND TERMINOLOGY
		PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION
		CLINICAL TRIALS
		CHOOSING ES AS AN INTERVENTION: CLINICAL REASONING
		ELECTRICAL STIMULATION TREATMENT METHODS FOR WOUND HEALING
		PREPARING AND ADMINISTERING ES PROCEDURES
		SELF-CARE TEACHING GUIDELINES
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 24: Radio Frequency and Electromagnetic Energy
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		BIOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
		COMPARISON OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD DEVICES
		PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EMF
		THERMOTHERAPY WITH SHORT-WAVE DIATHERMY
		WOUND HEALING CLINICAL STUDIES
		CLINICAL DECISION MAKING
		EQUIPMENT
		PATIENT TREATMENT
		SELF-CARE TEACHING GUIDELINES
		DOCUMENTATION
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 25: Phototherapeutic Applications for Wound Management
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		THE SCIENCE OF RADIANT ENERGY
		PHOTOTHERAPY DELIVERY SYSTEMS
		THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET ENERGY
		PROCEDURE FOR ADMINISTERING UV THERAPY
		LASERS AND LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES
		CONCLUSION
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 26: Therapeutic and Diagnostic Ultrasound
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		PROPERTIES AND TERMINOLOGY OF ULTRASOUND
		PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF ULTRASOUND
		INFECTION AND BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS
		REPORTED CLINICAL EFFECTS OF US
		CLINICAL STUDIES OF WOUND HEALING
		HIGH-RESOLUTION DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND
		EVALUATING CANDIDACY FOR THE INTERVENTION
		SELECTING EQUIPMENT FOR ULTRASOUND APPLICATIONS
		PROCEDURES
		SELF-CARE TEACHING GUIDELINES
		DOCUMENTATION
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 27: Hydrotherapy
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		HISTORIC USE OF HYDROTHERAPY AND THERMOTHERAPY
		MECHANISMS OF HEAT TRANSFER AND THERMAL REGULATION
		PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES TO HYDROTHERAPY
		EVIDENCE OF THE EFFECT OF HYDROTHERAPY ON WOUND HEALING
		USE OF HYDROTHERAPY FOR WOUND CLEANSING AND DÉBRIDEMENT
		RISKS AND CANDIDACY FOR HYDROTHERAPY
		SUMMARY
		CHOOSING AN INTERVENTION: CLINICAL REASONING
		DELIVERY OF CARE
		PROCEDURES
		EXPECTED OUTCOMES
		SELF-CARE TEACHING GUIDELINES
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 28: Pulsatile Lavage with Suction
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		BENEFITS OF PULSATILE LAVAGE WITH SUCTION
		OUTCOME MEASURES
		PRECAUTIONS AND CAUTIONS
		PROCEDURE FOR PLWS
		JET LAVAGE
		CONCLUSION
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 29: Management of the Wound Environment with Negative Pressure Wound Therapy
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		HISTORY OF NPWT
		PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
		INDICATIONS FOR THERAPY
		CONTRAINDICATIONS AND PRECAUTIONS
		APPLICATION OF THERAPY
		WOUND-SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS OF NPWT
		NPWT AND SILVER
		NPWT AND SKIN GRAFTS
		PEDIATRICS
		COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF NPWT
		SUMMARY
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 30: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Management of the Hypoxic Wound
		CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
		THE HISTORY OF HYPERBARIC OXYGEN
		HYPERBARIC OXYGEN PHYSIOLOGY
		HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY INDICATIONS
		HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY CONTRAINDICATIONS
		HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY RISKS AND SIDE EFFECTS
		HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY FOR THE HYPOXIC WOUND
		CLINICAL EVIDENCE SUPPORTING USE OF HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY
		PATIENT SELECTION
		TOPICAL OXYGEN
		SUMMARY
		REVIEW QUESTIONS
		REFERENCES
INDEX