Worldwide Views on Police Discretion: A Scoping Review Regarding Police Decision-Making

Preface
Acknowledgments
Overview
Contents
Part I: Introduction and Methodology
	Chapter 1: Introduction
		1 Police Discretion and Decision-Making
		2 An Effort to Map the Empirical Research on Police Decision-Making
		3 Outline Book
		References
	Chapter 2: Scoping Review Regarding Police Decision-Making: Methodological Outline
		1 Why a Scoping Review?
		2 Scoping Review as Part of a Course on Policing
			2.1 Research Frame
			2.2 Search Strategy
			2.3 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
			2.4 Piloting
			2.5 Searching and Assessing Studies
			2.6 Analyses
		References
Part II: Findings
	Chapter 3: Characteristics of Empirical Research on Police Decision-Making
		1 Publication Characteristics: Type and Language of Publication, Common Journals and Keywords
		2 Time of Publication
		3 Continent and Country
		4 Type of Research and Research Methods
		5 Crime Types and Types of Decisions
		6 (Groups of) Factors
		References
	Chapter 4: Characteristics of Police Officer
		1 Experience and Intuition/Gut Feeling
		2 Background Characteristics: Gender, Ethnicity, Age and Education
		3 Attitudes and Prejudices/Assumptions/Stereotypes
		4 Emotional or Mental State, Mood
		5 Function
		6 Personality
		References
	Chapter 5: Characteristics of Civilians
		1 Ethnicity/Race/Skin Color
		2 Attitude/Demeanor, Aggression and Behavior
		3 Gender, Age, Socio economic Status and Appearance
		4 Intoxication and Mental Illness/Mental Health Status
		5 Criminal Record/History and Being Known to Police
		6 Relationship Victim-Offender, Victim Preference/Request and Victim Credibility
		7 Being a Resident
		References
	Chapter 6: Organizational Characteristics
		1 Policies, Guidelines, Laws and Regulations
		2 Training
		3 (Type/Size) Police Force and Resources
		4 Supervisors and Colleagues
		5 Technology
		References
	Chapter 7: Situational Characteristics
		1 Type/Severity Offense
		2 Safety/Risk/Threat, Weapons, Injuries and Evidence
		3 Consequences
		4 Location
		5 Time (Day/Night)
		6 Information Received
		7 Presence of Bystanders/Witnesses, Number of Civilians and Number of Police Officers
		8 Initiation of Encounter and Prompt Reporting
		9 Repeated Situation/How Often
		10 Workload/Work Pressure
		References
	Chapter 8: Neighborhood Characteristics
		1 Racial Composition
		2 Economic Disadvantage
		3 Crime Rates
		References
Part III: Discussion and Conclusions
	Chapter 9: Discussion and Conclusions: Knowledge Gaps and Future Research
		1 Police Decision-Making Literature: An Overview of Significant Factors
		2 Gaps in the Literature and Research Recommendations
			2.1 Understudied Crime Phenomena, Decisions and Factors
			2.2 Underutilized Research Methods
			2.3 Repeated Scoping Review
		3 Lessons Learned and Practical Recommendations
		References
Appendices
	Appendix 1: Overview of Journals
	Appendix 2: Overview of Keywords
		Appendix 2a: Decision-Making Keywords
		Appendix 2b: Type of Offense
		Appendix 2c: Factors Related to Police Officer
		Appendix 2d: Factors Related to Civilian
		Appendix 2e: Factors Related to Police Organization
		Appendix 2f: Factors Related to Situation
		Appendix 2g: Factors Related to Neighborhood
		Appendix 2h: Policing Strategies
		Appendix 2i: Procedural Justice
		Appendix 2j: Police Duties/Functions
	Appendix 3: Bibliography