World Religions and Norms of War

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Endorsements......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Acknowledgements......Page 10
Contributors......Page 11
Introduction - Vesselin Popovski......Page 16
Notes......Page 25
Religious attitudes to war......Page 26
Religion and causes of war......Page 31
Norms of war......Page 34
Literature on religion and war......Page 37
Religion and norms of war in international law......Page 39
Notes......Page 42
2. Norms of war in Hinduism - Kaushik Roy......Page 45
Dharmayuddha and kutayuddha in the Vedic and Epic eras: 1500 BCE – 400 BCE......Page 47
Kautilya’s kutayuddha: 300–100 BCE......Page 50
Post-Kautilyan synthesis: Common Era – 900 CE......Page 52
Hindu military theory in the Islamic era: 1000–1700 CE......Page 56
Hindu militarism and anti-militarism under the British empire: 1750–1947 CE......Page 58
Hinduism and strategic cum military theory in the post-colonial scenario: 1947–2000 CE......Page 61
Hinduism and the nuclear issue......Page 64
Conclusion......Page 67
Glossary......Page 68
Notes......Page 69
3. Norms of war in Theravada Buddhism - Mahinda Deegalle......Page 75
War and peace: Buddhist approaches in dealing with violence......Page 76
Key sources in understanding the use of force in Buddhism......Page 85
Defensive war and the dharma yuddhaya discourse in modern Sri Lanka......Page 89
The agonies of the Sri Lankan ethnic war......Page 94
Contemporary poetic visions of war and peace......Page 96
Notes......Page 98
4. Norms of war in Japanese religion - Robert Kisala......Page 102
Japanese religion......Page 103
Pre-modern developments in religious concepts of war and peace......Page 105
The modern period......Page 108
Postwar developments......Page 109
The civilizational divide......Page 116
Notes......Page 118
5. Norms of war in Judaism - Jack Bemporad......Page 121
The Bible......Page 123
The rabbis and war......Page 128
Modern Israel......Page 133
Proportionality......Page 137
Asymmetric war......Page 138
Nuclear warfare......Page 140
Conclusion......Page 141
Appendix A: Sotah 8:2–7......Page 143
Appendix B: Sotah 42b–44b......Page 145
Appendix C: ‘‘Warfare and Its Restrictions in Judaism’’......Page 151
Notes......Page 152
Introduction: Four approaches to war and ethics......Page 157
Sources and historical phases of the Catholic teaching on just war......Page 163
Religious rationales for resort to armed force......Page 169
Conclusion......Page 173
Notes......Page 174
7. Norms of war in Eastern Orthodox Christianity - Yuri Stoyanov......Page 181
Scriptural and patristic basis......Page 182
Holy and just war in the Byzantine world (c.527 – c.1453)......Page 190
Transformations of Eastern Orthodox attitudes to war and peace in the Ottoman and modern periods......Page 202
Contemporary challenges......Page 220
Notes......Page 225
8. Norms of war in Protestant Christianity - Valerie Ona Morkevicius......Page 235
The Protestant just war tradition......Page 236
Protestant pacifism......Page 257
Protestant crusading......Page 261
Conclusion......Page 262
Notes......Page 263
9. Norms of war in Shia Islam - Davood Feirahi......Page 270
The concept of jihad in traditional Shiite jurisprudence......Page 271
New trends......Page 274
Summary and conclusion......Page 290
Notes......Page 292
10. Norms of war in Sunni Islam - Amira Sonbol......Page 297
Waging war......Page 299
Whywagewar?......Page 303
Discourses on war and ethics......Page 308
Conclusions......Page 314
Notes......Page 317
11. Norms of war in cross-religious perspective - Gregory M. Reichberg, Nicholas Turner and Vesselin Popovski......Page 318
Jus ad bellum......Page 321
Jus in bello......Page 325
Evolution and interpretation......Page 327
Notes......Page 329
Index......Page 331