World Politics In The 21st Century

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 6
Copyright......Page 7
Brief Contents......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 14
CHAPTER 1 THE IMPORTANCE OF WORLD POLITICS......Page 23
Politics as the Authoritative Allocation of Values......Page 26
An Overview of World Politics......Page 29
Current Political Trends......Page 31
Relating International Affairs to Your Life......Page 34
Interconnections and Patterns in Politics......Page 36
Information Technology......Page 39
The New Global and Transnational Issues......Page 41
The Increasing Inability of the State to Solve Problems......Page 42
The Rise of Ethnic Nationalism and Religious Fundamentalism......Page 43
New Citizen Activism......Page 46
Join the Debate: Should There Be One World Government?......Page 48
Resources on the Web......Page 50
CHAPTER 2 Approaches to World Politics......Page 51
What Are the Tools of Analysis in World Politics?......Page 54
Political Realism......Page 55
Idealism......Page 57
The Ecological Paradigm......Page 59
What Theories of World Politics Flow from the Paradigms?......Page 62
Political Realism......Page 63
Marxism......Page 66
Liberalism......Page 69
The Ecological Paradigm......Page 71
What Are the Subjective Approaches to World Politics?......Page 76
Constructivism......Page 77
Feminist Theories in International Relations......Page 78
Critical Theory in Perspective......Page 79
Join the Debate: Looking Out for Number One......Page 80
Resources on the Web......Page 82
CHAPTER 3 Analyzing World Politics......Page 83
The State and Its Primary Characteristics......Page 85
The Origins and Development of the StateThe European Experience......Page 88
The International System as a Whole......Page 92
The Regional Level of Analysis......Page 98
The State Level of Analysis......Page 99
The Substate Level of Analysis......Page 101
The Individual Level of Analysis......Page 105
Applying the Levels of Analysis to Understand International Relations......Page 110
Afghanistan from the Systems Level of Analysis......Page 111
Join the Debate: The New Global Civil Society Is Great!......Page 113
Learning Objectives Review......Page 115
Resources on the Web......Page 116
CHAPTER 4 Power in World Politics......Page 117
What Is Power, and How Is It Measured?......Page 119
The Nature of Power......Page 120
Dynamics of Power......Page 122
Objective (Tangible) Sources of Power......Page 126
Subjective Power Factors......Page 132
What Patterns of Power Relationships Exist among States?......Page 137
Balance of Power......Page 138
Power Shifts and Realignments......Page 142
Collective Security as a Method of Seeking Security......Page 145
Join the Debate: The Big Debate About China: Will It Be the World’s Next Superpower?......Page 147
Learning Objectives Review......Page 149
Resources on the Web......Page 150
CHAPTER 5 Foreign-policy Formation and Execution......Page 151
An Approach to Translating Power into Action......Page 154
A Set of Core, Middle-range, and Long-range Goals......Page 156
International System–level, State-level, and Individual-level Factors......Page 162
Beliefs Shape Foreign-policy Decisions: Ideology, Religion, and Nationalism......Page 164
Some Perspectives on Foreign-policy Decision Making......Page 165
America’s War on Terrorism......Page 173
The Bush Doctrine......Page 174
Join the Debate: Globalization Demands a New Foreignpolicy Approach for the Sovereign State......Page 177
Learning Objectives Review......Page 179
Resources on the Web......Page 180
CHAPTER 6 Intergovernmental Actors......Page 181
The Structure and Functions of International Organizations......Page 183
The Benefits of IO Membership......Page 186
Supranationality and Reciprocity among Member-states......Page 188
Rejecting IGO Membership......Page 190
The Historical Road to the United Nations......Page 191
Managing Global Peace through the Security Council......Page 192
Managing Global Economic and Social Issues......Page 196
Managing the UN’s Affairs......Page 200
Assessing the UN’s Effectiveness......Page 203
What Is the European Union, and How Does It Work?......Page 205
The Rationale for European Cooperation......Page 206
The Main European Union Institutions......Page 208
How Voting Matters in the EU and in IGOs in General......Page 211
The Future of the European Union......Page 213
Join the Debate: The United States Should Leave the United Nations......Page 217
Learning Objectives Review......Page 219
Resources on the Web......Page 220
CHAPTER 7 Non-state Actors......Page 221
What Factors Explain the Rise of Nongovernmental Organizations?......Page 224
Political Factors......Page 225
Economic Factors......Page 226
Technology......Page 227
Greenpeace......Page 228
Amnesty International......Page 230
Exploring the International Business Scene......Page 232
The Economic Clout of Corporate Actors......Page 235
Complaints against NGOs......Page 236
Political Opposition to Greenpeace......Page 237
Political Opposition to Amnesty International......Page 239
Political Opposition to Corporate Actors......Page 241
State-NGO Relations in Perspective......Page 244
Join the Debate: Should the International Community Allow Minke Whaling?......Page 247
Learning Objectives Review......Page 249
Resources on the Web......Page 250
CHAPTER 8 Political Geography......Page 251
What Is Political Geography?......Page 254
Issues and Perspectives of Political Geography......Page 255
The Players in Political Geography: Uniting and Dividing Forces......Page 260
Location and Power......Page 265
Geography’s Impact on Territorial Security......Page 270
The Power and Problem of Perceptions......Page 274
The Power of Territory in Self-Identity: National, Regional, and Religious......Page 275
Maps and Perceptions......Page 277
Join the Debate: Does Geography Matter in a Globalized World?......Page 280
Resources on the Web......Page 282
CHAPTER 9 Nationalism’s Power in World Politics......Page 283
National Identity: Taproot of Nationalism......Page 287
A Psychological Group Identity among People......Page 288
An Emotional Force that Ignites People’s Passions......Page 289
Historical Force of National Identity......Page 292
A Driving Force with Positive and Negative Effects......Page 294
How Do History and Location Shape Twenty-first Century Nationalism?......Page 297
Russia’s National Identity......Page 298
America’s National Identity......Page 299
Distinctions in Ethnic Nationalism......Page 300
Religious Nationalism......Page 302
Seeking to Legitimize Power......Page 304
Promoting State Political Unity and Economic Development......Page 305
Legitimizing a Leader’s Preferred Policy Direction......Page 306
A Summary of Nationalism......Page 307
Join the Debate: Should America Try to Transplant Its Civic Nationalism Abroad?......Page 308
Learning Objectives Review......Page 309
Resources on the Web 289......Page 310
CHAPTER 10 Global Violence: Wars, Weapons, Terrorism......Page 311
What Are the Causes of War?......Page 313
Wars for Material and Political Gain......Page 314
Wars Based on Ideas or Perceptions......Page 316
Structural Causes of War......Page 319
War: A Complex issue......Page 320
What Are the Weapons of War, and Can They Be Controlled?......Page 321
Weapons of Mass Destruction......Page 322
Conventional Weapons Versus Unconventional Weapons......Page 324
Controlling the Weapons of War......Page 327
Types of Terrorism......Page 331
Terrorist Objectives and Tactics......Page 332
Why Terrorists Stop Terrorizing......Page 334
International Counterterrorism Efforts......Page 336
Future Terrorist Threats......Page 337
How Can Global Violence Be Controlled?......Page 339
Nuclear Deterrence among States......Page 340
International Law and Organizations......Page 342
The Future Applicability of International Law......Page 345
Join the Debate: Is the World Safer with More Nuclear States?......Page 346
Learning Objectives Review......Page 347
Resources on the Web......Page 348
CHAPTER 11 Human Rights, Women, and Global Justice......Page 349
The Origin of Human Rights......Page 354
Global Justice......Page 356
Justice as Fairness......Page 357
International Conventions on Human Rights......Page 359
A History of Low Political, Economic, and Social Status......Page 363
The Rise of the Women’s Movement......Page 364
Women’s Rights Today......Page 365
Women’s Rights as Human Rights......Page 366
Five Feminist International Relations Theories......Page 368
Feminist Explanations of Gender Bias in International Relations......Page 370
International Response to Improving the Status of Women Around the World......Page 376
The UN and Human Rights Intervention......Page 381
Join the Debate: Women’s Rights Are Not Human Rights......Page 386
Learning Objectives Review......Page 387
Resources on the Web......Page 388
CHAPTER 12 International Political Economy and Developed Countries......Page 389
Theoretical Perspectives on International Political Economy......Page 391
The Policy of Free Trade......Page 394
An Analysis of Protectionism......Page 398
Protectionist Trends......Page 403
The World Trade Organization......Page 405
How Does the Global Financial System Work?......Page 409
A Brief History of Currency......Page 410
Unifying a Region: Europe’s Single Currency......Page 411
Managing the International Monetary System......Page 413
Join the Debate: What Is the Impact of Multinational Corporations?......Page 418
Learning Objectives Review......Page 419
Resources on the Web......Page 420
CHAPTER 13 The Politics of Development......Page 421
What Is Meant by Development?......Page 424
A Transformation of a Country’s Underdevelopment......Page 427
Crafting a Definition of Development......Page 429
Classifying the World’s Countries......Page 431
Three Main Theoretical Approaches......Page 433
Theory and Practice of Cooperation among Developing Countries......Page 438
What Factors Affect the Politics of Development?......Page 440
The Colonial Legacy......Page 441
Economic and Human Health Factors......Page 442
Government Factors......Page 443
Violence within and between Developing Countries......Page 444
The Role of Globalization and Relations with Developed States......Page 447
The Role of Non-Western Political Thought......Page 448
The Role of Ethnic and Religious Nationalism......Page 449
What Is the Relationship between Development and Democracy?......Page 450
Join the Debate: Can Outside Aid Help Africa?......Page 453
Resources on the Web......Page 454
CHAPTER 14 The Global Environment......Page 455
Natural Resources......Page 459
Population......Page 462
The Challenge of the Industrial and Scientific Revolutions......Page 464
The Green and Biotech Revolutions......Page 475
How Is the International Community Addressing These Challenges?......Page 477
Climate Change......Page 478
Air Pollution......Page 480
Energy Wars......Page 483
Water Scarcity and Water Pollution......Page 486
Why Can’t the International Community Agree on Common Strategy?......Page 488
Join the Debate: The Best Strategy for Solving Global Environmental Problems......Page 490
Learning Objectives Review......Page 493
Resources on the Web......Page 494
ENDNOTES......Page 496
PHOTO CREDITS......Page 506
ANSWERS TO TEST PREPPERS......Page 507
NAME AND SUBJECT INDEX......Page 508