Wood: Types, Properties, and Uses

WOOD: TYPES, PROPERTIES,  AND USES......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 8
ABSTRACT......Page 14
INTRODUCTION......Page 15
1.1. Drying Methods......Page 16
1.2. Experimental Study of High-Temperature Thermal-Mechanical Drying by Depressurization Method......Page 22
1.3. High-Temperature Vacuum-Convective Drying of Wood......Page 29
2. MODIFICATION OF WOOD BY IMPREGNATION......Page 35
2.1. Impregnation Methods......Page 36
Selection of Impregnating Liquid......Page 37
2.2. Modelling and Experiment on the Liquid Solution Impregnation of Wood......Page 39
2.2.1. Experimental Setup and Study of Wood Impregnation......Page 42
2.2.3. Variable Pressure Impregnation of Wood......Page 47
2.2.4. Impregnation with Oils and Other Liquids whose Viscosity Depends on Temperature......Page 51
CONCLUSION......Page 55
REFERENCES......Page 56
INTRODUCTION......Page 62
EXPERIMENTAL......Page 64
DISTILLATION OF VARIOUS WOOD......Page 66
LOW-TEMPERATURE DESTRUCTION OF CELLULOSE AT MODERATE DOSE RATES......Page 69
ELECTRON-BEAM DISTILLATION OF CELLULOSE......Page 74
The Mechanism of Cellulose Destruction Via Electron-Beam Distillation......Page 79
ELECTRON-BEAM DISTILLATION OF LIGNIN AND BINARY MIXTURES......Page 82
CONCLUSION......Page 88
REFERENCES......Page 90
ABSTRACT......Page 94
2.1. Introduction......Page 95
2.2. Biomass of properties......Page 96
2.3. Energy Potential......Page 97
3.1. Direct Combustion of Biomass......Page 99
3.2.2. Gasification Process......Page 101
3.3.1. Fermentation......Page 103
3.3.2. Digestion......Page 105
4.1. Wood Gas Stove......Page 106
4.1.1. Design of Wood Gas Stove:......Page 107
4.1.2. Fuels for Testing......Page 108
4.1.3. Stove performance......Page 109
4.2.2. Double Pot Cookstove (Udairaj)......Page 110
4.2.3 Performance of improved cookstove......Page 111
5.1.1. System Description......Page 113
5.1.2. Performance of Updraft Gasifier......Page 114
5.2.2. System Performance......Page 115
6. CONCLUSION......Page 118
REFERENCES......Page 119
ABSTRACT......Page 124
INTRODUCTION......Page 125
DETERMINATION OF BIOMASS AND NUTRIENT QUANTIFICATION......Page 129
ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS AND NUTRIENTS IN EUCALYPTUS......Page 131
COLONIZATION OF EUCALYPTUS ROOTS BY FUNGI......Page 133
ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS AND NUTRIENTS IN NATIVE WOODY SPECIES......Page 134
COLONIZATION OF NATIVE TREE ROOTS BY FUNGI......Page 135
BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN THE STUDY......Page 136
CONCLUSION......Page 137
REFERENCES......Page 139
ABSTRACT......Page 146
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 147
3. DYNAMICS OF WOOD CHEMICAL PROPERTIES DURING BEECH CWD DECOMPOSITION......Page 149
4.1. Succession of Macrofungi......Page 151
4.2. Succession of Microfungi......Page 153
5. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WOOD DECOMPOSITION AND FUNGAL SUCCESSION......Page 154
6. IMPLICATIONS FOR SOIL HUMUS ACCUMULATION......Page 156
CONCLUSION......Page 157
REFERENCES......Page 158
ABSTRACT......Page 164
INTRODUCTION......Page 165
Plant Materials......Page 166
Measurement of Tree-Ring Width......Page 168
Determination of 13C......Page 169
Statistical Analysis......Page 170
RESULTS......Page 171
DISCUSSION......Page 177
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 178
REFERENCES......Page 179
ABSTRACT......Page 182
FOSSILIZATION OF WOODS......Page 183
RADIO CARBON DATING......Page 184
SOME CASE STUDIES......Page 185
WOOD ANATOMY......Page 187
CONCLUSION......Page 189
REFERENCES......Page 190
INTRODUCTION......Page 194
Spectroscopy......Page 195
Weight Gain Analysis......Page 196
FTIR Spectroscopic Analysis......Page 197
NMR Spectroscopic Analysis......Page 198
Glass Transition Temperature (Tg)......Page 199
Mechanical Properties......Page 200
Morphology......Page 202
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 203
REFERENCES......Page 204
ABSTRACT......Page 206
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 207
2.1. Compressive Deformation of PF Resin Impregnated Wood......Page 208
2.2.1. Removal of Matrix Substances Pre-Treatment Through Naclo2 Treatment and Combination of Naclo2 and Naoh Treatment......Page 210
2.2.2. Steam Pretreatment......Page 211
3. FUTURE POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS......Page 213
REFERENCES......Page 215
ABSTRACT......Page 218
INTRODUCTION......Page 219
DYNAMIC CRYSTALLIZATION......Page 220
CRISTALLINITY AND POLYMORPHISM......Page 226
ISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION......Page 228
TRANSCRISTALLINITY......Page 234
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT......Page 237
CONCLUSIONS......Page 239
REFERENCES......Page 240
INDEX......Page 246