Wireless Communications and Networking for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Contents
Acknowledgments
1 Wireless Communications and Networking with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: An Introduction
	1.1 Brief Evolution of UAV Technology
	1.2 UAV Types and Regulations
		1.2.1 Classification of UAVs
		1.2.2 UAV Regulations
	1.3 Wireless Communications and Networking with UAVs
		1.3.1 UAVs as Flying Wireless Base Stations
		1.3.2 UAVs as Wireless Network User Equipment
		1.3.3 UAVs as Relays
	1.4 Summary and Book Overview
2 UAV Applications and Use Cases
	2.1 UAVs for Public Safety Scenarios
	2.2 UAV-Assisted Ground Wireless Networks for Information Dissemination
	2.3 Three-Dimensional MIMO and Millimeter-Wave Communication with UAVs
	2.4 Drones in Internet of Things Systems
	2.5 UAVs for Virtual Reality Applications
	2.6 Drones in Wireless Backhauling for Ground Networks
	2.7 Cellular-Connected UAV UEs
	2.8 UAVs in a Smart City
	2.9 Chapter Summary
3 Aerial Channel Modeling and Waveform Design
	3.1 Fundamentals of Radio Wave Propagation and Modeling
	3.2 Overview of Aerial Wireless Channel Characteristics
	3.3 Large-Scale Propagation Channel Effects
		3.3.1 Free-Space Path Loss
		3.3.2 Ray Tracing
		3.3.3 Log-Distance Path Loss Models
		3.3.4 Empirical Path Loss Models
		3.3.5 Shadowing
		3.3.6 Line-of-Sight Probability
		3.3.7 Atmospheric and Weather Effects
	3.4 Small-Scale Propagation Effects
		3.4.1 Time Selectivity and Doppler Spread
		3.4.2 Frequency Selectivity and Delay Spread
		3.4.3 Spatial Selectivity and Angular Spread
		3.4.4 Envelope and Power Distributions
	3.5 Waveform Design
		3.5.1 Waveform Basics
		3.5.2 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
		3.5.3 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
		3.5.4 Continuous Phase Modulation
	3.6 Chapter Summary
4 Performance Analysis and Tradeoffs
	4.1 UAV Network Modeling: Challenges and Tools
	4.2 Downlink Performance Analysis for UAV BS
		4.2.1 System Model
		4.2.2 Network with a Static UAV
		4.2.3 Mobile UAV BS Scenario
		4.2.4 Representative Simulation Results
	4.3 Chapter Summary
5 Deployment of UAVs for Wireless Communications
	5.1 Analytical Tools for UAV Deployment
		5.1.1 Centralized Optimization Theory
	5.2 Deployment of UAV BSs for Optimized Coverage
		5.2.1 Deployment Model
		5.2.2 Deployment Analysis
		5.2.3 Representative Simulation Results
		5.2.4 Summary
	5.3 Deployment of UAV BSs for Energy-Efficient Uplink Data Collection
		5.3.1 System Model and Problem Formulation
		5.3.2 Ground-to-Air Channel Model
		5.3.3 Activation Model of IoT devices
		5.3.4 UAV BS Placement and Device Association with Power Control
		5.3.5 Update Time Analysis
		5.3.6 Representative Simulation Results
		5.3.7 Summary
	5.4 Proactive Deployment with Caching
		5.4.1 Model
		5.4.2 Optimal Deployment and Content Caching for UAV BSs
		5.4.3 Representative Simulation Results
		5.4.4 Summary
	5.5 Chapter Summary
6 Wireless-Aware Path Planning for UAV Networks
	6.1 Need for Wireless-Aware Path Planning
		6.2 Wireless-Aware Path Planning for UAV UEs: Model and Problem Formulation
		6.2.1 Problem Formulation
	6.3 Self-Organizing Wireless-Aware Path Planning for UAV UEs
		6.3.1 Path Planning as a Game
		6.3.2 Equilibrium of the UAV UE Path Planning Game
		6.4 Deep Reinforcement Learning for Online Path Planning and Resource Management
		6.4.1 Deep ESN Architecture
		6.4.2 Deep ESN-Based UAV UE Update Rule
		6.4.3 Deep RL for Wireless-Aware Path Planning
	6.5 Representative Simulation Results
	6.6 Chapter Summary
7 Resource Management for UAV Networks
	7.1 Cell Association in UAV-Assisted Wireless Networks under Hover Times Constraints
		7.1.1 System Model
		7.1.2 Optimal and Fair Cell Partitioning for Data Service Maximization under Hover Time Constraints
		7.1.3 Extensive Simulations and Numerical Results
		7.1.4 Summary
	7.2 Resource Planning and Cell Association for 3D Wireless Cellular Networks
		7.2.1 A Rigorous Model for 3D Cellular Networks
		7.2.2 3D Deployment of a Cellular Network with UAV BSs: A Truncated Octahedron Structure
		7.2.3 Latency-Minimal 3D Cell Association
		7.2.4 Representative Simulation Results
		7.2.5 Summary
	7.3 Managing Licensed and Unlicensed Spectrum Resources in Wireless Networks with UAVs
		7.3.1 Model of an LTE-U UAV BS Network
		7.3.2 Models for Data Rates and Queuing
		7.3.3 Resource Management Problem Formulation and Solution
		7.3.4 Representative Simulation Results
		7.3.5 Summary
	7.4 Chapter Summary
8 Cooperative Communications in UAV Networks
	8.1 CoMP Transmission in Wireless Systems with Cellular-Connected UAV UEs
		8.1.1 A Model for CoMP in Networks with Aerial UAV UEs
		8.1.2 Probabilistic Caching Placement and Serving Distance Distributions
		8.1.3 Channel Model
		8.1.4 Analysis of Coverage Probability
		8.1.5 Representative Simulation Results
		8.1.6 Summary
	8.2 Reconfigurable Antenna Arrays of UAVs: UAV BS Scenario
		8.2.1 UAV-Based Antenna Array in the Sky: A Basic Model
		8.2.2 Transmission Time Minimization: Optimizing UAV Positions within the Array
		8.2.3 Control Time Minimization: Time-Optimal Control of UAVs
		8.2.4 Representative Simulation Results
		8.2.5 Summary
	8.3 Chapter Summary
9 From LTE to 5G NR-Enabled UAV Networks
	9.1 Mobile Technologies-Enabled UAVs
		9.1.1 Connectivity Aspects
		9.1.2 Services beyond Connectivity
	9.2 Introduction to LTE
		9.2.1 Design Principles
		9.2.2 System Architecture
		9.2.3 Radio Interface Protocols
		9.2.4 Physical Layer Time-Frequency Structure
	9.3 UAV as LTE UE
		9.3.1 Coverage
		9.3.2 Interference
		9.3.3 Mobility Support
		9.3.4 Latency and Reliability
	9.4 UAV as LTE BS
	9.5 3GPP Standardization on Connected UAV
		9.5.1 3GPP Release-15 Study Item on LTE-Connected UAV
		9.5.2 3GPP Release-15 Work Item on LTE-Connected UAV
		9.5.3 3GPP Release-16 Study Item on Remote UAV Identification
	9.6 Towards 5G NR-Enabled UAVs
		9.6.1 A Primer on 5G NR
		9.6.2 Superior Connectivity Performance
		9.6.3 Service Differentiation with Network Slicing
		9.6.4 Network Intelligence
	9.7 Chapter Summary
10 Security of UAV Networks
	10.1 Overview on UAV Security Problems
	10.2 Security of UAV UEs in Delivery Systems
		10.2.1 Modeling the Security of a UAV Delivery System
		10.2.2 UAV Security as a Network Interdiction Game
		10.2.3 Security of UAV Delivery Systems in Presence of Human Decision Makers
		10.2.4 Representative Simulation Results
		10.2.5 Summary
	10.3 Concluding Remarks on UAV Security
References
Index