Wireless Communication with Artificial Intelligence: Emerging Trends and Applications (Wireless Communications and Networking Technologies)

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Editors
Contributors
1. Advanced Wireless Communications for Future Technologies-6G and beyond 6G
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Emerging Cases of 6G Systems:
	1.3 Communications in the Terahertz Band
		1.3.1 Apply THz Band Communications Cases
		1.3.2 The THz Band's Equipment
		1.3.3 The THz Band's Physical Layer Modeling
		1.3.4 THz Band Communications - Medium Access Control
		1.3.5 Open THz Band Communications Problems
	1.4 Environments for Intelligent Communication
		1.4.1 Intelligent Communication Environments Include the Following
		1.4.2 Intelligent Communication Environments Have a Layered Structure
		1.4.3 Apply Intelligent Environments Case Studies
		1.4.4 Intelligent Environments - Open Problems
	1.5 Artificial Intelligence Pervasive
		1.5.1 Artificial Intelligence in "Physical Layer"
		1.5.2 Artificial Intelligence in Network Orchestration and Management
		1.5.3 Learning from a "Quantum Machine"
		1.5.4 Open Difficulties for Pervasive Artificial Intelligence
	1.6 Automation in the Network
		1.6.1 Programmable Data Planes Defined by Software
		1.6.2 Decomposition and Orchestration of Services on an Automatic Basis
		1.6.3 Networks of Self-Driving Cars
	1.7 Reconfigurable Transceiver Front-Ends for 6G Radio
		1.7.1 All-Spectrum Sensing and Access in a Dynamic Model
		1.7.2 Design of a Multi-Band Transceiver
	1.8 Communications in the "Ambient Backscatter"
		1.8.1 Backscatter Communications Operation Principles
		1.8.2 Ambient Backscatter Communications Problems with Open Problems
	1.9 The Internet of Space Things for Cubesats and UAVs
		1.9.1 Subsystem for Multi-Band Communications
		1.9.2 Design of the System Constellation
	1.10 Multi-User MIMO Communication Networks of Cell-Free MuMCNF
		1.10.1 Cell-Free MU-MIMO Communication Systems Channel Characteristics
		1.10.2 Open Problems in MU-MIMO Communications without a Cell
	1.11 Technologies for a Future above and beyond 6G
		1.11.1 Nano Things Internet
		1.11.2 Bio-Nano-Things Internet for Health Applications
		1.11.3 Quantum Communications
	1.12 Tentative Timeline for 6G
	1.13 Conclusion
	References
2. Comprehensive Method of Distributed Denial of Service Detection by Artificial Neural Network
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Methods of Performing DDos Attack
	2.3 Problem Statement
	2.4 Research Objective
	2.5 Research Methodology
	2.6 Literature Review
	2.7 Literature Review Analysis
	2.8 Existing Literature GAP
	2.9 Proposed Framework
	2.10 Framework Deployment
	2.11 Data Description
	2.12 Artificial Neural Network
	2.13 Performance
	2.14 Research Implication
	2.15 Open Challenges in DDoS Detection System
	2.16 Conclusion
	References
3. Energy-Efficient Massive MIMO for Future Generation Wireless Communication Systems
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 System Model
	3.3 Channel Estimation and Processing Schemes
	3.4 Energy Efficiency Analysis
		3.4.1 Uplink Transmission
		3.4.2 Downlink Transmission
	3.5 Simulation Results
	3.6 Conclusions
	References
4. IoT Based One-to-One Security Web Application for Smart Home
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Tools Specifications
	4.3 Proposed Method
	4.4 Results and Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
5. Use of Multi-Channels and MAC Layer Issues in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: A Detailed Review
	5.1 Introduction
		5.1.1 Types of Channels for MANET
		5.1.2 Challenges in Single Channel Ad Hoc Networks
	5.2 Classifications of Major Multichannel Medium Access Control Protocols
		5.2.1 Challenges in Designing and Implementing MC-MAC Protocols
	5.3 Analysis of Existing MC MAC Protocols
	5.4 Characteristics of Multichannel Protocols and Their Comparison
	5.5 Conclusions and Future Scope
	References
6. Maximum Utilization of WDM-PON Resources to Enhance Reachability of Access Network
	6.1 Introduction
		6.1.1 ITU Standards and Recommendations
		6.1.2 Evolution of PON Technology
		6.1.3 Quality Parameters
		6.1.4 Optical Signal Loss
		6.1.5 Comparison of Different PON Systems
	6.2 WDM-PON System Architecture
	6.3 Results and Discussion
	6.4 Conclusion
	References
7. Observations on Learning and Tracking Challenges of Online Microwave Engineering Teaching
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Course and Outcomes
	7.3 Asynchronous Method of Teaching
	7.4 Synchronous Method of Teaching
	7.5 Conclusions
	References
8. Performance Analysis of OOK and L-PPM Modulated VLC System with Imperfect CSI over LOS and Non-LOS Channel
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Los Channel
		8.2.1 System Model
		8.2.2 OOK Modulation
			8.2.2.1 Performance Analysis with Imperfect CSI
		8.2.3 L-PPM Modulation
		8.2.4 Performance Analysis with Imperfect CSI
	8.3 Performance Analysis over Non-LOS Channel
		8.3.1 System Model
		8.3.2 OOK Modulation
			8.3.2.1 Performance Analysis with Imperfect CSI
		8.3.3 L-PPM Modulation
			8.3.3.1 Performance Analysis with Imperfect CSI
	8.4 Result and Discussion
	8.5 Conclusion
	References
9. Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) - Analysis of Deployment Mode and Radio Coverage
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Deployment Model and Performance Analysis
		9.2.1 Deployment of NB-IoT in LTE Guard Band
		9.2.2 Deployment of NB-IoT in LTE PRB (In-Band)
		9.2.3 Deployment of NB-IoT as a Stand-Alone
	9.3 Impact of Deployment Modes on Coverage
	9.4 Conclusion
	References
10. Design of Printed Dipole Antenna Array for Directional Sensing Applications
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Design of Single Element Printed Dipole Antenna
		10.2.1 Operating Band Characteristics of Single Element Printed Dipole Antenna
		10.2.2 The Surface Current Distribution of the Single Element Printed Dipole Antenna
		10.2.3 Far-Field Radiation Characteristics of Single Element Printed Dipole Antenna
	10.3 Design of Linear Array (1×2) of Printed Dipole Antenna
		10.3.1 Operating Band Characteristics of Linear Printed Dipole Array (1×2) Antenna
		10.3.2 Far-Field Radiation Characteristics of 1×2 Element Printed Dipole Array Antenna
	10.4 Conclusion
	References
11. Analysis of Energy Efficient Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT): LPWAN Comparison, Challenges, and Opportunities
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Comparison of IoT Connecting Technologies
	11.3 NB-IoT Standard and Release
		11.3.1 Release 13
		11.3.2 Release 14
		11.3.3 Release 15
		11.3.4 Release 16
		11.3.5 Release 17
	11.4 Different Channel Coding Schemes Used by NB-IoT
	11.5 Open Issues and Challenges In NB-IoT
	11.6 Conclusion
	Reference
12. Comprehensive Analysis of S-Parameters of 2-D MODFET for Microwave Applications
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Model Formulation
		12.2.1 Current-Voltage Characteristics
		12.2.2 Capacitance - Voltage Characteristics
		12.2.3 Gate-Drain Capacitance
		12.2.4 Gate-Source Capacitance
	12.3 Small-Signal Parameters
		12.3.1 Drain/Output Conductance
		12.3.2 Transconductance
		12.3.3 Cut-Off Frequency
		12.3.4 Transit Time
	12.4 Y-Parameters Extraction
	12.5 S- Parameters Extraction
	12.6 Gains
		12.6.1 Unilateral Power Gain
		12.6.2 Maximum Stable Power Gain
		12.6.3 Maximum Unilateral Transducer Power Gain
		12.6.4 Unilateral Figure of Merit (FOM)
	12.7 Results and Discussion
	12.8 Conclusion
	References
13. U-Shape Planar Antenna Design Effects Using CST
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Antenna Classification
	13.3 Antenna Formation and Design Technique
	13.4 Experimental Results
	13.5 Conclusion
	References
14. Smart Traffic Light Controller Using Edge Detection in Digital Signal Processing
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Related Work
	14.3 Proposed Work
		14.3.1 Image Acquisition and Formation
		14.3.2 Image Pre-Processing
		14.3.3 Edge Detection
			14.3.3.1 Edge Detection Techniques
			14.3.3.2 Sobel Edge Detection:
		14.3.4 Image Sharpening with Laplacian
		14.3.5 Image Matching
	14.4 Implementation
	14.5 Results and Discussion
		14.5.1 Results For Reference Image
		14.5.2 Results for Captured Image
		14.5.3 Matlab gui Outputs
	14.6 Conclusion
	References
15. Performance Analysis of Non-orthogonal Multiple Access over Orthogonal Multiple Access
	15.1 Introduction
		15.1.1 Milestones in NOMA
		15.1.2 Advantages of NOMA
		15.1.3 Applications of NOMA
		15.1.4 Different Schemes of NOMA
			15.1.4.1 Power Domain NOMA
			15.1.4.2 CODE Domain NOMA
	15.2 Performance Analysis of NOMA with Multiple Antennas
	15.3 Comparison of OMA and NOMA
		15.3.1 NOMA and OMA Downlink System Model for N Users (Power Domain)
		15.3.2 NOMA and OMA Uplink Signal Model for N Users (Power Domain)
		15.3.3 Implementation of Downlink NOMA for Two Users
		15.3.4 Implementation of Uplink NOMA for Two Users
		15.3.5 Spectral and Energy Efficiency of NOMA and OMA
	15.4 Conclusion
	References
16. Advanced Wireless cum Digital Health Care and Artificial Human
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Need of Digital Healthcare
		16.2.1 Digital Healthcare
			16.2.1.1 Digital Revolution
			16.2.1.2 Innovation Cycle
			16.2.1.3 Implementation of Digital Health
			16.2.1.4 Great Examples
			16.2.1.5 Future Scope
	16.3 Artificial Human
		16.3.1 Need of Artificial Human
		16.3.2 Bionic Limbs and Organs
			16.3.2.1 Artificial Heart
			16.3.2.2 Arms and Legs
			16.3.2.3 Bionic Eyes
			16.3.2.4 Hearing Aids
			16.3.2.5 Bionic Bodies
			16.3.2.6 Exoskeletal Systems
		16.3.3 Technology Used
			16.3.3.1 Brain-Machine Interface (BMI)
			16.3.3.2 Myoelectric Sensors
		16.3.4 Advantages of AI-Enabled Bionic Systems
		16.3.5 Osseointegration
	16.4 Ongoing Projects and Researches
		16.4.1 Open Bionics (Bristol, UK)
		16.4.2 Touch Bionics (Livingston, Scotland)
		16.4.3 SynCardia (Arizona, US)
		16.4.4 OSSUR (California, US)
		16.4.5 ReWalk Robotics (Maryland, US)
		16.4.6 Future Possibilities
	16.5 Conclusion
	References
17. Data Security on Internet of Things Devices Using the Public-Key Cryptography Method
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 Internet of Things
	17.3 Public-Key Encryption
	17.4 RSA Algorithm
		17.4.1 Key Generation
		17.4.2 Message Encryption
		17.4.3 Message Decryption
	17.5 Public-Key Cryptography on IoT Devices
		17.5.1 Prototype IoT Device
		17.5.2 Implementation of the RSA Algorithm
		17.5.3 Encryption Process Analysis
	17.6 Conclusion
	References
18. PAPR Reduction in MIMO-OFDM System Using Artificial Neural Network
	18.1 Introduction
		18.1.1 Specific Applications
		18.1.2 Development in MIMO-OFDM
		18.1.3 Challenges and Solutions in MIMO-OFDM
		18.1.4 Paper Organization
	18.2 MIMO-OFDM System Model
	18.3 Performance Criteria of Papr Reduction Technique
		18.3.1 Complementary Cumulative Distributive Function
		18.3.2 Bit-Error Rate
		18.3.3 Power Spectral Density
		18.3.4 Loss of Data Rate
		18.3.5 Computational Complexity
		18.3.6 Other Factors
	18.4 PAPR-Minimizing Methods
		18.4.1 Signal Distortion
			18.4.1.1 Clipping and Filtering
			18.4.1.2 Peak Windowing
			18.4.1.3 Non-linear Companding
			18.4.1.4 Peak Cancellation
		18.4.2 Pre-distortion Methods
			18.4.2.1 ACE (Active-Constellation-Extension)
			18.4.2.2 Tone Reservation
			18.4.2.3 Tone Injection
		18.4.3 Probabilistic Methods
			18.4.3.1 Selective Mapping
			18.4.3.2 Partial Transmit Sequence
		18.4.4 Coding Methods
	18.5 Conclusion
	References
Index