When Maps Become The World

Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 12
1. Introduction: Why Maps?......Page 20
The Nature of Map Thinking......Page 23
Elements of Map Thinking......Page 24
Deep Mapping......Page 25
Five Hundred Years of Western Mapping......Page 26
Cartography Meets GIS......Page 28
A Definition Based on Representation......Page 29
Characterizations Based on Process and Function......Page 32
Waldseemüller’s Map......Page 34
Guaman Poma’s Countermap......Page 37
Van Sant’s Ultimate Map?......Page 42
Conclusion......Page 43
Part 1: Philosophy......Page 46
2. Theory Is to World as Map Is to Territory......Page 48
Analogy......Page 49
Three Types of Analogy......Page 50
Critical Cautions......Page 53
The Map Analogy......Page 54
A Typology of Map Analogies......Page 55
Uses of the Map Analogy in Humanistic Inquiry......Page 59
Assumption Archaeology......Page 71
Conclusion......Page 75
3. From Abstraction to Ontologizing......Page 78
The Abstraction-Ontologizing Account......Page 79
Abstraction Stage I: Calibration of Units and Coordinates......Page 80
Abstraction Stage II: Data Collection and Management......Page 86
Abstraction Stage III: Generalization......Page 88
Ontologizing......Page 100
Ontologizing 0: Representation Testing......Page 101
Ontologizing I: Changing the World......Page 103
Ontologizing II: Understanding the World......Page 104
Ontologizing III: Classroom Communication......Page 105
Conclusion......Page 106
4. Long Live Contextual Objectivity!......Page 108
Pernicious Reification......Page 109
Conformation......Page 114
The Essential Indexical......Page 116
Mercator’s Critique of Earlier Projections......Page 118
Mercator’s New Purpose: Navigation......Page 119
Mercator’s Clear Presentation of Latitude and Longitude......Page 120
A History of the Mercator Projection II: Post Mercator......Page 121
Integration Platforms......Page 126
A Beyond-Mercator Integration Platform: Blocking Pernicious Reification and Seeking Contextual Objectivity......Page 127
Philosophical Aspects of Integration Platforms......Page 131
Conclusion......Page 135
5. Projecting Maps into Our Worlds......Page 138
Two Canonical Philosophical Accounts of Representation: Isomorphism and Similarity......Page 139
The Isomorphism Account......Page 140
The Similarity Account......Page 143
The Multiple Representations Account......Page 158
Ontologizing......Page 160
Merely-Seeing-As......Page 165
Pluralistic Ontologizing......Page 166
Climate Change and Multiple Representations......Page 169
Conclusion......Page 172
Part 2: Science......Page 178
6. Mapping Space......Page 180
The Universe’s Baby Portrait......Page 181
The Universe Growing Up (and Outward)......Page 183
Cosmic-Scale Maps and the Abstraction-Ontologizing Account......Page 186
Literal Cartographic Maps in Geology......Page 190
State-Space Maps in Physics and Physical Chemistry......Page 196
Analogous Maps in Mathematics......Page 200
Conclusion......Page 205
7. Mapping Ourselves......Page 208
Migration Maps......Page 211
Arrowized Assumptions......Page 212
Arrowized Maps......Page 213
Countermapping Migration......Page 216
Brain Maps......Page 218
Decompositional Assumptions......Page 219
Phrenological Maps......Page 222
The Somatosensory and Motor Homunculi......Page 223
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)......Page 225
Countermapping the Brain......Page 226
Statistical Causal Maps......Page 230
Linear Model Assumptions......Page 231
“Genetic” and “Environmental” Diseases......Page 233
Path Diagrams as Statistical Causal Maps......Page 235
When Causal Maps Become the World......Page 237
Conclusion......Page 239
8. Mapping Genetics......Page 242
Assumptions......Page 244
Map Types......Page 245
The Linear Genetic Map......Page 246
Linear Genetic Maps of Phenotypic Linkage......Page 247
Linear Genetic Maps of Nucleotides......Page 253
Assumptions of the Linear Genetic Map......Page 254
The Gene Expression Map......Page 255
The Genotype-Phenotype Map......Page 256
The Literal Cartographic Genetic Map......Page 258
The Comparative Genetic Map......Page 260
The Adaptive Landscape Map......Page 262
Darwin’s Hypothesis......Page 265
Contemporary Phylogenies......Page 269
Future Extensions: Mapping Genetics as a Paradigmatic Integration Platform......Page 270
9. Map Thinking Science and Philosophy......Page 274
Existence, World Making, and Responsibility......Page 275
Map Thinking Scientific Methodology......Page 280
Map Thinking Philosophical Methodology......Page 282
Tracking Ethics and Power......Page 283
Imagining “What If . . . ?”......Page 284
An Invitation to Dream......Page 285
Appendix: Cognitive Map Exercise......Page 288
References......Page 292
Index......Page 334