Wheeler's Dental anatomy, physiology, and occlusion

Images......Page 0
Image 1......Page 1
Sydney Tokyo......Page 2
la...tdir,it jsthe print number.......Page 3
page 4......Page 4
,.......Page 5
vii......Page 6
Major M. Ash, Jr.......Page 7
Maxillary Central Incisor 128......Page 8
The Temporomandibular Articulation......Page 9
471......Page 10
The Primary (Deciduous) Teeth......Page 11
Introduction......Page 12
2 1 2 3......Page 13
Permanent Teetlt......Page 14
Introduction......Page 15
Figure 1-4. Sagittal sections through the maxillary and mandit>ular ,\"\"lIral incisors.......Page 16
Surfaces and Ridges......Page 17
Other Landmarks......Page 18
A fIIbercle is a smaller elevation on some portion of the crown produced by an extra......Page 19
10......Page 20
Division into Thirds, Line Angles, and Point Angles......Page 21
........Page 22
Image 2......Page 23
The point angles of the posterior teeth are:......Page 24
Image 1......Page 25
Introduction......Page 26
Figure 1-17. Occlusal view of the models shown in Figures 1-15 and 1-16.......Page 27
Image 1......Page 28
Figure 1-21. Length of root.......Page 29
20......Page 30
Figure 1-18. Length of root.......Page 31
6. BUCCOUNGUAL DIAMETER OF CROWN AT THE CERVIX......Page 32
23......Page 33
24......Page 34
Chronologies of Human Dentition......Page 35
. From Kraus. B. S.. and Jordan. R. E. (1%5). T/,,\' 11111111111 Iklllili\"III,,:/il/\"(\' /linlr. Philadelphia; I.ea & Fchiger. pp. 1n7. HI9. and 127 (except variation......Page 36
27......Page 37
Development and Eruption of the Teeth......Page 38
29......Page 39
\'Development and Eruption of the Teeth......Page 40
G......Page 41
32......Page 42
The Primary Dentition......Page 43
Development and Eruption of the Tee,h......Page 44
CE......Page 45
Permanent Dentition......Page 46
37......Page 47
Development of the Teeth......Page 48
39......Page 49
40......Page 50
41......Page 51
DevelQpment alld Eruptioll o/the Teeth......Page 52
References......Page 53
Development and Eruption oft/I(\' Teeth......Page 54
45......Page 55
46......Page 56
Nomenclature......Page 57
Major Contrasts between Primary and Permanent Teeth......Page 58
49......Page 59
Pulp Chambers and Pulp Callais......Page 60
Text continI/cd 011 page 56......Page 61
The Primary (Deciduous) Teeth......Page 62
53......Page 63
Figure 3-10. A. See leRelld 011 opposite page......Page 64
55......Page 65
............Page 66
57......Page 67
Image 1......Page 68
Figure 3-/6. Primary maxillary lateral incisors (second illcisors).......Page 69
Labial Aspect (Fig. 3-14, C). Except for the root form, the labial aspect of the maxillary......Page 70
Figure 3-19. Primary maxillary canines.......Page 71
Mandibular Central Incisor (Fig. 3-20)......Page 72
Figur/\' 3-20. Primary mandibular c/\'nlral incisors.......Page 73
Figure 3-21. Primary mandibular lateral incisors.......Page 74
Figure 3-22. A comparison of primary canines. both in the size......Page 75
66......Page 76
67......Page 77
The Primary (Deciduous) Teeth......Page 78
69......Page 79
page 32......Page 80
71......Page 81
72......Page 82
73......Page 83
Mandibular First Molar......Page 84
Figun 1-10. Primary mandibular first molars.......Page 85
. , ,......Page 86
Mandibular Second Molar......Page 87
The Primary (Deciduous) Teeth......Page 88
79......Page 89
The Occlusion of the Primary Teeth......Page 90
.......Page 91
Barker, B, C. (1975). Anatomy of root canals: IV. Deciduous teeth. Aust. Dent. J. 20:101.......Page 92
83......Page 93
84......Page 94
General ConsideratiollS in the Physiology of the Permanent Dentition......Page 95
Interproximal Form......Page 96
Root Form......Page 97
Occlusal Curvature......Page 98
1. The Reptilian stage (Haplodont).......Page 99
Figure 4-10. Phyletic history of the molar cusps.......Page 100
91......Page 101
General Consideratiolls ill the PhysioloKY o/the Permallellt Dentitioll......Page 102
Tooth Form and Jaw Movements......Page 103
General Considerations in the Physiology of the Permanent Dentition......Page 104
95......Page 105
General Considerations in the Physiology of the Permanent Dentition......Page 106
I. Interproximal spaces may accommodate interproximal tissue.......Page 107
General Con5;der{/(;On5 in the PhY5ioloRY of the Permanent Dentition......Page 108
Mesial and Distal Aspects of Mandibular Posterior Teeth......Page 109
References......Page 110
Ramfjord. S. P.. and Ash. M. M. (1979). Periodol/tology lllld Periodontics. Philadelphia: Saunders.......Page 111
102......Page 112
Proximal Contact Areas......Page 113
104......Page 114
Figure 5-4. Schematic representation of form of gingiva in relation to contact area.......Page 115
Physiologic Form of the Teeth and the Periodolllillm......Page 116
Interproximal Spaces (Formed by Proximal Surfaces in Contact)......Page 117
Physiologic Form of the Teeth alld the Periodontium......Page 118
Embrasures (Spillways)......Page 119
Physiologic Form of the Teeth and the Periodontium......Page 120
111......Page 121
Physiologic Form of the Teeth and the Periodolltium......Page 122
Physiologic Form of the Teeth and the Periodontium......Page 123
Mandibular Teeth......Page 124
. - -......Page 125
* R(fe,. to Fi!:lIres 5-/3.5-14,5-/6, unci 5-17.......Page 126
117......Page 127
be described together, since they are similar.......Page 128
. All art\' protectivC\' cOlltolln. s<,<, FiKII,.C\'., 5-/9 Illroll/:11 5-23.......Page 129
Physiologic Form of the Teeth alld the Periodolltium......Page 130
121......Page 131
Summary of Physiologic Contollrs of Tooth Crowns, Facially and Lingually......Page 132
U3......Page 133
Physiologic Form of the Teeth alld the Periodolltium......Page 134
U5......Page 135
Physiologic Form o/the Teeth Cllld the Periodolltium......Page 136
References......Page 137
128......Page 138
Labial Aspect (Figs. 6-2 and 6-9)......Page 139
Image 1......Page 140
Figure 6-3. Maxillary right central incisor. lingual aspect.......Page 141
The Permanent Maxillary incisors......Page 142
6-12). .......Page 143
DISTAL......Page 144
135......Page 145
Lingual Aspect (Fig. 6-3)......Page 146
Mesial Aspect (Figs. 6-4 and 6-10)......Page 147
The Permanent Maxillary Incisors......Page 148
Distal Aspect (Fig. 6-5)......Page 149
Maxillary LQlelVllllKisor......Page 150
Image 1......Page 151
Labial Aspects (Figs. 6-13 alld 6-19)......Page 152
143......Page 153
The Permanent Maxillary Incisors......Page 154
Lingual Aspect (Fig. 6-14)......Page 155
Mesial Aspect (Figs 6-15 and 6-20)......Page 156
Distal Aspect (Fig. 6-16)......Page 157
Incisal Aspect (Figs. 6-17 and 6-18)......Page 158
1~9......Page 159
150......Page 160
Image 1......Page 161
Lingual Aspect (Figs. 7-1, 7-3, 7-7, and 7-8)......Page 162
153......Page 163
The Perlllanellt Mandibular Incisors......Page 164
maxillary incisors.......Page 165
The Permllnent MlIndihular Incisors......Page 166
1!17......Page 167
half of the crown is almost identical with the distal half.......Page 168
Figure 7-10. Mandibular central incisor. mesial aspect. Ten typical specimens are shown.......Page 169
Figure 7-11. Mandibular central incisor. incisal aspect. Ten typical specimens are shown.......Page 170
Figure 7-12. .\\landibular central incisor.......Page 171
Mesial and Distal Aspects......Page 172
Image 1......Page 173
Tire Permanent Mandibular Incisors......Page 174
165......Page 175
The Permanent Mandibular Incisors......Page 176
Figur/\' 7-19. Mandibular lateral incisor. labial aspect. Ten typical specimens are shown.......Page 177
The Permanent Mandibular Incisors......Page 178
Incisal Aspect......Page 179
170......Page 180
Labial Aspect (Figs. 8-2, 8-7 through 8-9)......Page 181
N......Page 182
Text continued 011 page J 78......Page 183
The Permanent Canines, Maxillary and Mandibular......Page 184
175......Page 185
The Permallellt Callilles. Maxillary alld Mandibular......Page 186
177......Page 187
Lingual Aspect (Figs. 8-3, 8-7, and 8-8)......Page 188
179......Page 189
Figure 8-12. Maxillary canine.......Page 190
Distal Aspect (Figs. 8-5, 8-7, and 8-8)......Page 191
Mandibular Canine......Page 192
Image 1......Page 193
Labial Aspect (Figs. 8-14, 8-19 through 8-21)......Page 194
Figure 8-17. Mandibular left canine. distal aspect.......Page 195
Text cOlltilll/ed Oil page /92......Page 196
The Permanellt Canines. Maxillary and Mandibular......Page 197
189......Page 198
The Permanent Canines. Maxillary and Mandibular......Page 199
191......Page 200
often similar. The main differences to be noted are these.......Page 201
Figure 8-U. J\'andibular canine.......Page 202
194......Page 203
Buccal Aspect (Figs. 9-2, 9-7 through 9-9)......Page 204
Image 1......Page 205
.~......Page 206
The Permanent Maxillary Premolars......Page 207
199......Page 208
The Permanent Maxillary Premolars......Page 209
201......Page 210
gross outline of the buccal aspect.......Page 211
203......Page 212
Mesial Aspect (Figs. 9-1, 9-4, 9-7, 9-8, and 9-10)......Page 213
Figure 9-12. Maxillaryjirsr premolars.......Page 214
The Permanent Maxillary Premolars......Page 215
from that of the mesial aspect as follows.......Page 216
Occlusal Aspects (Figs. 9-6, 9-7, 9-8, 9-11,9-13, 9-14, and 9-15)......Page 217
Figures 9-16 through 9-24 show the maxillary second premolar in various aspects.......Page 218
Image 1......Page 219
211......Page 220
The Permanent Maxillary Premolars......Page 221
Mesial Aspect......Page 222
10......Page 223
10......Page 224
Oce/usal Aspect......Page 225
10......Page 226
218......Page 227
Buccal Aspect (Figs. 10-2, 10-7, 10-8, alld 10-9)......Page 228
Image 1......Page 229
Text continued on page 226......Page 230
The Permanent Mandibular Premolars......Page 231
223......Page 232
The Permanent Mandibular Premolars......Page 233
225......Page 234
Lingual Aspect (Figs. 10-3, 10-7, and 10-8)......Page 235
Figure /0-/1. Mandibular tiN premolar. occlusal aspect. Ten typical specimens are shown.......Page 236
A characteristic of the lingual surface of the mandibular first premolar is the mesio-......Page 237
229......Page 238
I. The middle buccal lobe make5 up the major bulk of the tooth crown.......Page 239
Buccal Aspecl(Figs.lO-lJ and 10-18)......Page 240
Image 1......Page 241
233......Page 242
The Permunent Mandibular Premolars......Page 243
crown portion of the first premolar. The variations are as follows:......Page 244
I. The crown and root are wider buccolingually.......Page 245
Occlusal Aspect (Figs. 10-17 and 10-20)......Page 246
The Permanent Mandibular Premolars......Page 247
I. The outline of the crown is rounded lingual to the bucca] cusp ridges.......Page 248
References......Page 249
241......Page 250
uneven sides. The cervical line is the shorter of the uneven sides (Fig. 4-23. d).......Page 251
Image 2......Page 252
Image 3......Page 253
.......Page 254
The Permanent Maxillary Molars......Page 255
247......Page 256
otStally and becomes congruent with the outline of the mesial slop~\' of the mesiobuccal......Page 257
The Permanent Ma.tillClry Molars......Page 258
The Permanenl Maxilllll)\' Molars......Page 259
. .\' f . ,\'. .\". \".. .::;. .~~:_;:~i:,!t!!~,......Page 260
Lingual Aspect (Figs. 11-5, 11-6, 11-13, and 11-14)......Page 261
253......Page 262
Mesial Aspect (Figs. 11-7, 11-8r.J1-13, and 11-14)......Page 263
must be noted when the tooth is viewed from the distal aspect. .......Page 264
following the four major cusp ridges and the marginal ridges is especially so.......Page 265
This primary design is also reflected in the outline of the root trunks of maxillary......Page 266
Figures 11-19 through 11-27 present the maxillary second molar in various aspects.......Page 267
Image 1......Page 268
The Permanent Maxil/ary Molars......Page 269
261......Page 270
.......Page 271
Occlusal Aspect (Figs. 11-23 and 11-26)......Page 272
264......Page 273
Figure /1-17. Maxillary second molars.......Page 274
Text continued on page 272......Page 275
Image 1......Page 276
Tire Permanent MCI.,\"il/ary Molars......Page 277
269......Page 278
10......Page 279
271......Page 280
Oce/usal Aspect (Figs. 11-32 and 11-35)......Page 281
References......Page 282
274......Page 283
Image 1......Page 284
Buccal Aspect (Figs. 12-3, 12-4, 12-12, 12-13, and 12-14)......Page 285
277......Page 286
The Permanent Mandibular Molars......Page 287
279......Page 288
The Permanent Mandibular Molars......Page 289
281......Page 290
The Permanent Mandibular Molars......Page 291
Figllre 12-/.1. Mandibular first molars. buccal aspect. Ten typical specimens are shown.......Page 292
The Permanent Mandibular Molars......Page 293
10......Page 294
Lingual Aspect (Figs. 12-5, 12-6, 12-12, and 12-13)......Page 295
I. The crown is a fraction of a millimeter to a millimeter shorter in the first molar.......Page 296
Dislal Aspeci (Figs. 12-10, 12-12, and 12-13)......Page 297
Oce/usal Aspect (Figs. 12-1, 12-2, 12-11,12-12,12-13, and 12-16)......Page 298
The Permanent Mandibular Molars......Page 299
Text continued on page 297......Page 300
Image 1......Page 301
Figure 12-19. Mandibular left second molar. lingual aspect.......Page 302
Figure 12-21. Mandibular left second molar. di,tal aspect.......Page 303
Figure 12-23. Mandibular second molars, buccal aspect. Ten typical specimens are shown.......Page 304
The Permanent Mandibular Molars......Page 305
Figure 12-26. Mandibular second molars.......Page 306
Occlusal Aspect (Figs. 12-22 and 12-25)......Page 307
Mandibular Third Molar......Page 308
Image 1......Page 309
Lingual Aspect (Fig. 12-30)......Page 310
Figur¥ 12-29. Mandibular righl third molar. buccal aspect.......Page 311
Figure 12-31. Mandibular right third molar. mesial aspect.......Page 312
The Permanent Mandibular Molars......Page 313
Occlusal Aspect (Figs. 12-33 and 12-36)......Page 314
\'.......Page 315
Ash. M. M., et al. (1962). A study of periodontal hazards of third molars. J. Periodont. 33:209.......Page 316
308......Page 317
r~......Page 318
Figure 13-2. Dental radiographic examination.......Page 319
Figun 13-4. Maxillary canine.......Page 320
Labiolingual Section (A)......Page 321
313......Page 322
Figure 13-8. Maxillary central incisor-sections of natural specimens.......Page 323
Cervical Cross Section (C)......Page 324
Figure 13-10. Maxillary laleral incisor-secliolU of natural specimens.......Page 325
A......Page 326
Figure 13-12. ltIllXillary permanent teeth.......Page 327
319......Page 328
¥~......Page 329
Cervical Cross Section (C)......Page 330
18......Page 331
Buccolingual Section (A, D)......Page 332
,......Page 333
4 1 ! a 4 A 1 ~4......Page 334
Buccolingual Section (A, D)......Page 335
1he PilIp Cauities of the Permanent Teeth......Page 336
Cervic\'al Cross Section (C)......Page 337
Figure 13-24. Maxillary first molar.......Page 338
Cervical Cross Section (C)......Page 339
Buccolingual Section (A, D)......Page 340
Cervical Cross Section (C)......Page 341
Figure 13-27. MlIXiliary first molar.......Page 342
334......Page 343
336......Page 344
Labio(ingual Section (A, D)......Page 345
338......Page 346
.......Page 347
The Pulp Cavities a/the Permanent Teeth......Page 348
The Pilip Cavities o/the Permanent Teetlt......Page 349
Mesiodistal Section (B, E)......Page 350
J43......Page 351
Figur~ lJ-36. Mandibular first pr~molar.......Page 352
Cervical Cross Section (C)......Page 353
346......Page 354
347......Page 355
Figure 13-41. Mandibular first molar.......Page 356
Mesiodistal Section (B, E)......Page 357
A:......Page 358
Mandibular Second Molar (Fig. 13-44, A, B, C, D, E)......Page 359
Buccolingua/ See/ion (A, D)......Page 360
Mesiodistal Section (8, E)......Page 361
Buccolingual Section (A, D)......Page 362
355......Page 363
356......Page 364
L\';gure 13-47. Fracture lines most commonly seen in first maxillary premolar and first mandibular molar.......Page 365
References......Page 366
359......Page 367
.-......Page 368
361......Page 369
362......Page 370
Frontal Process......Page 371
Palatine Process......Page 372
Alveolar Process......Page 373
The Alveoli (Tooth Sockets)......Page 374
Dento-Osseous Structures .J..\' 367......Page 375
Maxillary Sinus......Page 376
The Mandible......Page 377
Dento-Osseous S\'rlfct\",.(\'s......Page 378
371......Page 379
Image 2......Page 380
,.,.......Page 381
Dento-Osseous Strtlctures......Page 382
\'._-\'.......Page 383
The Internal Surface of the Mandible......Page 384
The Alveolar Process......Page 385
Image 1......Page 386
The Alveoli......Page 387
(From Macmillan. H. W.: The structure and function of the alveolar process. J. Am. Dent. Assoc.. J I: 1059. 1924)......Page 388
Image 1......Page 389
Internal Maxillary Artery (Fig. 14-34)......Page 390
Superior Alveolar Arteries......Page 391
26 Temporomandibular articulation......Page 392
Descending Palatine and Sphenopalatine Arteries......Page 393
Mandibular Nerve (Fig. 14-35)......Page 394
References......Page 395
390......Page 396
Image 2......Page 397
Fi8un 15-1. Condyloid process viewed from front (left side).......Page 398
Figure 15-5. TMJ capsule and TMJ ligament.......Page 399
CHORDA TYMPANI NERVE......Page 400
Posterior capsule......Page 401
Figure 15-11. Articular disk: jaw in open position.......Page 402
Hinge Axis......Page 403
The Temporomandibular Joints. Muscles. and Teeth. and their Functions......Page 404
15-191. .......Page 405
Lateral Pterygoid Muscle......Page 406
Masseter Muscle......Page 407
Tunica rnuco.sa.-~......Page 408
Digastric Muscle......Page 409
Geniohyoid Muscles......Page 410
Tensor Tympani and Palatini Muscles......Page 411
The Temporomandibular Joints, Musc/es,.and Teeth, and their Functions......Page 412
Head and Neck Muscles......Page 413
Mandibular Closing......Page 414
«1;\',......Page 415
Swallowing......Page 416
,!\'......Page 417
References......Page 418
413......Page 419
414......Page 420
Occlusion......Page 421
Occlusion......Page 422
Pe\"\"tlllat Datltio8......Page 423
Dental Arch Form......Page 424
419......Page 425
Occlusion......Page 426
421......Page 427
Figlll\'ltH1-5. The Bonwill equilateral triangle.......Page 428
423......Page 429
Occlusion......Page 430
Functional Form of the Teeth at Their Incisal and Oce/usal Thirds......Page 431
Occlusion......Page 432
E......Page 433
, ~\' .& \' . \':\': - \' \" - - -\".-. - ~......Page 434
Figure 16-12. Orientation of crowns and roots of the teeth (lateral view).......Page 435
Occlusion......Page 436
i_¥\">\'. . ._-......Page 437
..\';: .......Page 438
Figure 16-20. Demonstration of horizontal overlap.......Page 439
Occlusion......Page 440
I. Surl\'ace contact......Page 441
436......Page 442
1. Central incisors. labial......Page 443
- -:\'......Page 444
Image 2......Page 445
Surface Contact......Page 446
. \". < ~ \'.-\'.\'\'\'. - \"......Page 447
Occlusion......Page 448
Ridge and Sulcus Apposition......Page 449
1. Lingual surfaces of upper incisors and canines. 6......Page 450
oMS......Page 451
Image 3......Page 452
Figure 16-39. Relationship of supporting cusps 10 marginal ridges.......Page 453
Occlusal contact relations away from centric occlusion involve all possible movements of......Page 454
449......Page 455
Lateral Oce/usal Relations of the Teeth......Page 456
451......Page 457
Occlusion......Page 458
453......Page 459
454......Page 460
455......Page 461
left lateral occlusal relations. may be summarized as follows:......Page 462
Neurobehavioral Aspects of Occlusion......Page 463
Oce/usal Stability (Figs. 16-52 through 16-58)......Page 464
459......Page 465
Guidance of Occlusion......Page 466
461......Page 467
Occlusion......Page 468
463......Page 469
Occlusion......Page 470
Vertical Dimension......Page 471
\')ral Motor Behavior......Page 472
It appears plausible at least that emotion may be important not onry as a motivational......Page 473
References.......Page 474
469......Page 475
Occlusion......Page 476
471......Page 477
..........Page 478
Impinging overbite. 434. 465. 465......Page 479
Malocclusion. 84......Page 480
Molar(s) (Continlled)......Page 481
Palatine arten\". descending. 386......Page 482
Septum(a), interradicular. 367......Page 483
Wilson. curve of, 88. 90......Page 484
Image 1......Page 485