What to Know about Essential Oils (Natural Products and Therapeutics)

Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
Are Essential Oils Potential Antihypertensive Agents?
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Hypertension
		2.1. General Considerations
		2.2. Prevalence and Burden of Hypertension
		2.3. Hypertension Risk Factors
		2.4. Hypertension Management
		2.5. Disease Models of Hypertension
	3. Effect of Essential Oils and Isolated  Compounds on Hypertension
		3.1. Essential Oils
		3.2. Antihypertensive Effects of Essential Oils
			3.2.1. Hypotensive Effects
			3.2.2. Vasorelaxant Effects
			3.2.3. Clinical Trials
			3.2.4. Chemical Composition-Activity Relation
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 2
Pharmacology of Essential Oils: Chemical Constituents,  Anti-Inflammatory and  Anti-Nociceptive Activities of Essential Oils from Nigerian Plants
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Methods
		Plants Collection
		Preparation of Samples
		Hydrodistillation Procedure
		Gas Chromatography (GC) Analysis of the Oils
		Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Aanalysis of the Oils
		Identification of the Components of the Oils
		Bioloical Studies on Essential Oils
			Drug and Chemicals
			Study Animals
			Toxicity Study
			Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema in Rats
			(Anti-Inflammatory Analysis)
			Formalin-Induced Anti-Inflammatory Test
			Hot Plate Test for Anti-Nociceptive Study
		Statistical Analysis
	Results and Discussion
		Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Nociceptive and Formalin Models
		Anti-Inflammatory Activity of T. plicata var. Excelsa
		Anti-Nociceptive Activities T. plicata var. Excelsa
		Anti-Nociceptive Activity of A. boonei
		Anti-Inflammatory Activity of A. boonei
		Formalin Assay on A. boonei
		Anti-Nociceptive Activities of C. longa
		Anti-Inflammatory Activity of A. sativum
		Anti-Nociceptive Activities of A. sativum
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 3
Biological Potentials of Essential Oil: Antimicrobial Activity,  Larvicidal Efficacy and Chemical Compositions of Essential Oils  from Alpinia malaccensis (Zingiberaceae) from Vietnam
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Methods
		Plants Collection
		Preparation of Samples
		Hydrodistillation Procedure
		Gas Chromatography (GC) Analysis
		Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Experiment
		Identification of the Components of the Oils
		Larvicidal Activity
			Rearing of Mosquito Larvae
			Larvicidal Test
		Antimicrobial Activity Assay
			Test Microbes
			Microdilution Broth Susceptibility Assay
		Statistical Analysis
	Results and Discussion
		Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil
		Mortality of the Essential Oils Against Vector Mosquitoes
		Mosquito Larvicidal Tests
		Antimicrobial Test
	References
Chapter 4
Essential Oils: Therapeutic Effects  as Anthelmintics
	Abstract
	Introduction
		Prevalence and Burden of Helminth Infections
		Essential Oil Constituents’ Formation and Classification
		Anthelmintic Activity of Essential Oils Using Intestinal Parasites as Test Organism
		Anthelmintic Activity of Essential Oils Using Earthworm as  Test Organism
		Anthelmintic Activity of Essential Oils from Our Studies
	Methods
		Plant Sampling and Hydrodistillation
		Characterisation and Identification of the Essential Oil Constituents by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/GC-MS Analyses)
		Evaluation of Anthelmintic Activity
			Albizia adiantifolia (Schumach) W.F. Wright
			Albizia zygia (DC) J.F. Macbr.
			Albizia odoratissima (LF) Benth.
			Millettia thonningii (Schum & Thonn) Baker
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5
Medicinal Benefits of Lemon, Lavender and Peppermint  Essential Oils
	Abstract
	Abbreviations
	1. Introduction
	2. Lemon Oil
		2.1. Anxiety and Depression
		2.2. Morning Sickness
		2.3. Antibacterial
		2.4. Skin Inflammation
		2.5. Pain
		2.6. Cognitive Function
	3. Lavender Oil
		3.1. Alopecia
		3.2. Antidepressant
		3.3. Anxiety
		3.4. Hypertension
		3.5. Insomnia and Sleep Disorders
		3.6. Postpartum Depression
		3.7. Skin Conditions
	4. Peppermint Oil
		4.1. IBS
		4.2. Nausea and Motion Sickness
		4.3. Pruritus
		4.4. Migraines
		4.5. Antibacterial/Antifungal
	Conclusion
	References
	Biographical Sketch
Chapter 6
Relevance of Essential Oils in Food Preservation, the Extension of Shelf Life and Post-Harvest Research, Therapeutic Effects, Wound Healing, Aromatherapy, Mosquito Repellent and Bee Behavior: A Review
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Use of Essential Oil in Food Preservation  and Extension of Food Shelf life
	Essential Oils Role in the Inhibition of Human Disease-Causing Microorganisms
	Wound Healing Properties of Essential Oils
	Essential Oil Properties, Its Components  and Its Significance in Aromatherapy
	Essential Oil Insecticidal Property against Mosquito, Scientific Reports and Shortcomings of Essential Oil Volatiles
	Relationship between Essential Oil Volatiles  and Behavioral Patterns of Bees
	Essential Oil and Its Crucial Role for Plant Survival in the Field
	Application of Essential Oils Postharvest,  an Emerging Area of Global Interest
	Effect of Essential Oil and Its Volatiles in  the Treatment of Human Conditions and  Anti-Inflammatory Activities
	Essential Oil Toxicity and Interactions  with Clinical Medications
	Acknowledgment
	References
Chapter 7
Jasminum Grandiflorum Essential Oil: Chemical Constituents, Multiple Biological Activities with Health Promoting Effects
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Botanical Characteristics
	Jasmine Essential Oil Extraction
	Essential Oil Analysis Techniques
	The Chemical Composition of Jasmine  Essential Oils
	The Biological Activities of Jasmine Oil
	Conclusion
	References
	Biographical Sketches
Chapter 8
The Role of Characterised Most Abundant Compounds on Impact Notes in Essential Oil Research with Bioactivity Aspects
Chapter 9
Increase of Essential Oil Yield  in Mentha piperita by Inoculation  with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Plant Growth Promotion Rhizobacteria Induced Essential Oil Production by Direct Inoculation
	Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted  by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Induced Essential Oil Yield
	Plant Growth Promotion Rhizobacteria Inoculation Combined with Exogenous Phytohormones, as Elicitor,  Increased Essential Oil Yield
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 10
Taking Advantage of Some Essential Oils Containing Phenylpropanoids/ Terpenoids as Renewable Chemical Reagents for Fine Synthesis  of Heterocycles
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Text Mining about Essential Oils as Renewable Reagents for Fine Synthesis
	Some Plants Containing Essential Oils Rich  in Phenylpropanoids/Terpenoids
		Chemical and Biological Importance
	Renewable Starting Materials for Different Chemical Synthesis
	Fine Synthesis of Heterocycles
		Tetrahydroquinolines
		Isoindoloquinolinones
		Dihydrobenzofuranols
		Iridoids
		Octahydroacridines
		Trioxanes/Oxiranes
		Benzochromene Derivatives
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Index
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