Web Engineering: 21st International Conference, ICWE 2021, Biarritz, France, May 18–21, 2021, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 12706)

Preface
Organization
Keynotes
Biases on Web Systems
Anomaly Detection in Large Graphs
Neural Databases
Contents
Semantic Web
Interface to Query and Visualise Definitions from a Knowledge Base
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
	4 Implementation
		4.1 User Interface
		4.2 Graphical Visualisation of the Query Result
	5 Evaluation
	6 Conclusion
	References
CARDINAL: Contextualized Adaptive Research Data Description INterface Applying LinkedData
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Analysis
	3 The CARDINALApproach
		3.1 Contextualization
		3.2 Ontology Selection
		3.3 Form Generation
		3.4 Metadata Acquisition
		3.5 Metadata Persistence
	4 Prototypical Design
	5 Evaluation
		5.1 Acquired Metadata
		5.2 User Effort
		5.3 Usability Assessment
		5.4 Summary and Discussion of Evaluation Results
	6 Related Work
	7 Conclusion
	References
Publishing Base Registries as Linked Data Event Streams
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 A Base API for Base Registries
	4 A Linked Data Event Streams Ecosystem
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
OntoSpect: IoT Ontology Inspection by Concept Extraction and Natural Language Generation
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 IoT Ontology Inspection Using OntoSpect
	4 Evaluation
		4.1 Evaluation Procedure and Material
		4.2 Results and Analysis
		4.3 Threats to Validity
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
A File-Based Linked Data Fragments Approach to Prefix Search
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Dataset Fragmentation and Traversal
		3.1 Preliminaries
		3.2 A Self-describing Fragmentation Strategy
		3.3 Client Algorithm
	4 Experiments and Results
		4.1 Cache Efficiency
		4.2 Query Performance
		4.3 Efficiency and Bandwidth
		4.4 Fragment Sizes
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Social Web
Assessing the Quality of Online Reviews Using Formal Argumentation Theory
	1 Introduction
	2 Weight Based Preferential Rating Systems
	3 Experimental Setting
		3.1 Implementation
		3.2 Dataset
		3.3 Argumentation Graph Building Example
	4 RQ1 - Review Quality Assessment Evaluation
		4.1 Baselines and Evaluation Settings
		4.2 Results
	5 RQ2 - Multidimensional Review Quality Assessment
		5.1 Crowdsourcing Setting
		5.2 Results
	6 RQ3 - Explainability Evaluation
	7 Discussion
		7.1 RQ1 - Given a Set of Reviews About the Same Product, Can Argumentation Reasoning Help Assess Review Quality?
		7.2 RQ2 - Which Quality Aspects Does Argumentation Reasoning Emphasize?
		7.3 RQ3 - Can Argumentation Reasoning Be Used to Explain Review Quality?
	8 Related Work
	9 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Web User Interface as a Message
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods and Related Work
		2.1 Data Quality Control in Crowdsourcing
		2.2 Power Law Distributions for Fraud Detection
	3 Evaluation
		3.1 The Experiment Description
		3.2 Descriptive Statistics
		3.3 The Testing Set of MTurk Workers
		3.4 Power Law-Based Fraud Detection
	4 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Conversation Graphs in Online Social Media
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Problem Statement
		1.2 Objective
		1.3 Contribution
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Graph Analysis on Social Network
		2.2 Conversation Graphs on Social Media
		2.3 Proposed Network Analysis on Conversation Graphs
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Text Classification Design
		3.2 Network and Conversation Graph Design
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Case Study and Data Collection
		4.2 Intent Analysis
		4.3 Network Analysis
	5 Analysis Results
		5.1 Statistical Analysis on Conversation
		5.2 Conversation Patterns Retrieval
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Web Modeling and Engineering
WTA: Towards a Web-Based Testbed Architecture
	1 Introduction
	2 Recent Work: Web-Based Testbeds\' Similarities
	3 Web-Based Testbed Architecture (WTA)
		3.1 WTA Elements
		3.2 WTA Components
	4 Conclusion
	References
Towards Large-Scale Empirical Assessment of Web APIs Evolution
	1 Introduction
	2 Dataset Overview
	3 Results
		3.1 Change Granularity: Commits and Versions
		3.2 API Age and Change Frequency
		3.3 API Growth
		3.4 Web API Evolution Case Studies
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Threats to Validity
	5 Related Work
	6 Conclusions
	References
Stability Metrics for Continuous Integration of Service-Oriented Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Service API and SOA System
	4 Service API Mappings
	5 API Evolution Changes and Evolution Algorithm for API Clients
	6 Stability Metrics for SOA System
	7 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Web Big Data and Data Analytics
Attentive Hybrid Collaborative Filtering for Rating Conversion in Recommender Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Recommender Systems
		2.2 Deep Learning and the Attention Mechanism in RSs
		2.3 KG Embedding Techniques in RSs
		2.4 Rating Conversion Methods
	3 Proposed Method
		3.1 User and Item Representation
		3.2 The Friend Module
		3.3 Generating Latent Relations
		3.4 Optimization and Learning
	4 Experimental Evaluation
		4.1 Datasets
		4.2 Existing Systems
		4.3 Implementation and Parameter Settings
		4.4 Evaluation Protocol and Metrics
		4.5 Experimental Results
	5 Discussion
		5.1 Performance of the Proposed UR-Matrix
		5.2 Performance of the Friend Module
	6 Conclusion
	References
Sentence Dependent-Aware Network for Aspect-Category Sentiment Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Method
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Datasets
		4.2 Experimental Setup
		4.3 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Probabilistic Approach to Personalize Type-Based Facet Ranking for POI Suggestion
	1 Introduction
	2 Facet Ranking Related Research
	3 Proposed Approach
		3.1 Step 1: Scoring Using T-Facet Probabilistic Models
		3.2 Step 2: T-Facet Tree Building
	4 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Web Mining and Knowledge Extraction
Web Table Classification Based on Visual Features
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Heuristic Filter Rules
		2.2 Machine Learning Using HTML Based Features
		2.3 Visual Representation Based Features
	3 Approach
		3.1 Convolutional Neural Nets for Image Classification and Visual Feature Extraction
		3.2 Transfer Learning with VGG16 and ResNet50
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Experimental Setup
		4.3 Results
	5 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Automated Essay Scoring via Example-Based Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Model
		3.1 Coherence and Relevance Modeling
		3.2 Example-Based Learning
		3.3 Scoring
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Evaluation Metric
		4.3 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Conversation and Recommendation: Knowledge-Enhanced Personalized Dialog System
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Task-Oriented System
		2.2 Personalization in Dialog
	3 Preliminaries
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Utterance and Profile Encoder
		4.2 Split Memory Network
		4.3 Conversation or Recommendation?
		4.4 User Preference Scores Method
		4.5 Information Inference Method
		4.6 The Unified Model
	5 Experiments
		5.1 Dataset and Evaluation Metrics
		5.2 Baselines
		5.3 Experimental Setup
		5.4 Results
		5.5 Analysis of User Preference Method
		5.6 Analysis of Ambiguity
		5.7 Analysis of Information Extraction
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
MPIA: Multiple Preferences with Item Attributes for Graph Convolutional Collaborative Filtering
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Collaborative Filtering
		2.2 Graph Methods for Recommendation
	3 Method
		3.1 Preference-Aware User-Item Graphs
		3.2 Embedding Layer
		3.3 Aggregation Layer
		3.4 Preference-Attribute Fusion Layer
		3.5 Rating Prediction
		3.6 Optimization
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Experimental Settings
		4.2 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Better Call the Plumber: Orchestrating Dynamic Information Extraction Pipelines
	1 Introduction and Motivation
	2 Related Work
	3 Dynamic Information Extraction Pipelining Framework
	4 Evaluation
		4.1 Experimental Setup
		4.2 Experiments
		4.3 Ablation Studies
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Preprocessing Techniques for End-To-End Trainable RNN-Based Conversational System
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
		2.1 Conversational Systems
		2.2 Generative Sequence-to-Sequence Deep Learning Models
		2.3 Deep Neural Models with External Knowledge
	3 Proposal: Preprocessing Techniques for Conversational RNN
		3.1 Data Representation
		3.2 Context and History
		3.3 RNN Set-up
		3.4 Knowledge Representation
		3.5 Data Preprocessing Techniques
	4 Experimental Evaluation
		4.1 Experimental Data
		4.2 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Effective Seed-Guided Topic Labeling for Dataless Hierarchical Short Text Classification
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Dataless Text Classification
		2.2 Dataless Hierarchical Text Classification
		2.3 Topic Models for Short Texts
	3 Preliminaries
	4 Proposed Models
		4.1 Estimating Category-Path-Biterm Similarity
		4.2 Hierarchical Seeded Biterm Topic Model
	5 Experiments
		5.1 Datasets
		5.2 Baselines
		5.3 Experiment Settings
		5.4 Experimental Results
		5.5 Parameter Study
	6 Conclusion
	References
PrivaSeer: A Privacy Policy Search Engine
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Data Collection
	4 Search Interface
	5 Indexing
	6 Ranking
	7 Filtering and Observations on the Document Set
		7.1 Sectors of Commerce
		7.2 Readability
		7.3 Tracking Technology
		7.4 Self-regulatory Bodies
		7.5 Regulations and Agreements
		7.6 Vague Language
	8 Ranking Evaluation and Discussion
	9 Conclusion
	References
Web of Things
Knowledge-Driven Architecture Composition: Assisting the System Integrator to Reuse Integration Knowledge
	1 Introduction
	2 Background for Applied Approach
		2.1 Integration Knowledge Reuse Example
	3 Evaluation Design and Results
		3.1 Evaluation Setup
		3.2 Evaluation Execution Process
		3.3 Implementation
		3.4 Results
		3.5 Threats to Validity
	4 Related Work
	5 Conclusion
	References
A-MaGe: Atomic Mashup Generator for the Web of Things
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Problem Statement
		1.2 Contributions
	2 A-MaGe Methodology
		2.1 Design Space Reduction Using Templates and Constraints
	3 Evaluation
	4 Related Work
	5 Conclusion
	References
WebAssembly Modules as Lightweight Containers for Liquid IoT Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Related Work
	3 Our Vision
	4 Proof of Concept Design
	5 Way Forward to the Vision
	6 Conclusion
	References
Leveraging Web of Things W3C Recommendations for Knowledge Graphs Generation
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
		2.1 Related Work
		2.2 Preliminaries
	3 Motivation
		3.1 Motivating Use Cases: ESSENCE and DAIQUIRI
		3.2 Open Issues
	4 Approach
		4.1 WoT W3C Recommendations as Data Access Description
		4.2 Introducing RML\'s Logical Target
	5 Validation
		5.1 Implementation
		5.2 ESSENCE Use Case
		5.3 DAIQUIRI Use Case
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Standalone WebAssembly Development Environment for the Internet of Things
	1 Introduction
	2 Towards Code Mobility on the Web of Things
	3 Proof-of-Concept WASM on the Edge
		3.1 Conceptual Design
		3.2 Microcontroller Implementation
	4 Applicability of WebAssembly on Microcontrollers
		4.1 Preliminary Evaluation
		4.2 Limitations of the Prototype
	5 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Web Programming
Full Stack Is Not What It Used to Be
	1 Introduction
	2 Software as a Service and the Disappearance of the IT Department
	3 The Implications of Microservice Architectures
	4 Emerging Expectations
	5 The New Full Stack – Implications for Software and Web Engineering Education
	6 Conclusions
	References
An Improving Approach for DOM-Based Web Test Suite Repair
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Motivation
		2.1 Web Application and Evolution
		2.2 E2E Test
		2.3 Broken Test and Action
	3 WTSR: Web Test Suite Repair
		3.1 Overview
		3.2 Create Test Suite Graph Release 1
		3.3 Generate Test Suite Graph Release 2
		3.4 Compare TSGs
	4 Empirical Evaluation
		4.1 E2E Test Subjects
		4.2 Results
		4.3 Threats to Validity
	5 Related Work
	6 Conclusion
	References
Communicating Web Vessels: Improving the Responsiveness of Mobile Web Apps with Adaptive Redistribution
	1 Introduction
	2 Approach
		2.1 Motivating Example
		2.2 Approach: Communicating Web Vessels
		2.3 Reasoning About Responsiveness
	3 Reference Implementation
		3.1 Analyzing Full-Stack JavaScript App
		3.2 Transforming Programs to Enable CWV
		3.3 Updating Modes and Cutoff Latency
		3.4 Synchronizing States
		3.5 Sandboxing Insourced Code
	4 Evaluation
		4.1 Device Choice Impact
		4.2 Network Latency Impact
		4.3 Energy Consumption
		4.4 Communication Overhead
	5 Related Work
	6 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Snapshot-Based Migration of ES6 JavaScript
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Related Works
		2.1 Snapshot-Based JavaScript App Migration
		2.2 Function Closure and Scope Tree
	3 ES6 Features and Issues in App Migration
	4 Proposed Approach
		4.1 Module Profiling
		4.2 Migrating Modified Built-In Objects
		4.3 Scope Tree Building
		4.4 Syntax-Aware Tree Re-ordering
		4.5 Tree Partitioning
		4.6 Snapshot Code Generation
	5 Evaluation
		5.1 Implementation and Setup
		5.2 RQ1: How Do ES6 Features Affect the Scope Tree Results?
		5.3 RQ2: Are Snapshot Codes Generated in Small Sizes?
		5.4 RQ3: How Much Is the Framework\'s Time Overhead?
	6 Conclusion
	References
Web User Interfaces
Automated Repair of Layout Bugs in Web Pages with Linear Programming
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art for Fixing Layout Bugs in Web Pages
		2.1 Types of Layout Bugs
		2.2 UI Bug Detection
		2.3 Automated Repair
		2.4 Optimization-Based Techniques
	3 Modelization of Layout Bugs as MILP
		3.1 Layout Constraints
		3.2 Defining an Objective Function
		3.3 Reducing the Number of Constraints
		3.4 Hotfix Application
	4 Experimental Evaluation
		4.1 Real-World Bugs
		4.2 Synthetic Pages
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
A Model-Based Chatbot Generation Approach to Converse with Open Data Sources
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Open Data
		2.2 Chatbots
	3 Overview
	4 Importing Open Data APIs as Models
		4.1 Modeling Open Data APIs
		4.2 Injection of Open Data Models
		4.3 Refinement of Open Data Models
	5 Generating the Bot
	6 Tool Support
	7 Related Work
	8 Conclusion
	References
Open Data Accessibility Based on Voice Commands
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Web Augmentation Framework for Open Data Accessibility
		3.1 Extending WAFRA4OD with New Operations
		3.2 Implementation Details
	4 WAFRA4OD Case Study
	5 Conclusions
	References
PWA vs the Others: A Comparative Study on the UI Energy-Efficiency of Progressive Web Apps
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Related Work
	4 Research Method
		4.1 App Implementation Details
		4.2 Interaction Scenarios
		4.3 Energy Measurement
		4.4 Test Devices
		4.5 Test Procedure
		4.6 Hypotheses Formulation
		4.7 Data Analysis
	5 Results
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Ph.D. Symposium
Static Analysis of Large-Scale JavaScript Front End
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Research Proposal and Preliminary Results
		3.1 Integration of Data and Control Flow
		3.2 Analysis
		3.3 Preliminary Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Applying Predictive Analytics on Research Information to Enhance Funding Discovery and Strengthen Collaboration in Project Proposals
	1 Problem Context and Definitions
	2 Open Challenges
	3 Related Work
	4 Research Objectives and Contributions
	5 Research Methodology and Preliminary Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Web-Based Co-Creation and User Engagement Method and Platform
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Co-Creation and User Engagement Method
		3.1 The Evolution of the Policy-Making Process
		3.2 The Research Method
		3.3 The Co-creation and User Engagement Solution
	4 Limitations and Future Work
	5 Conclusions
	References
Posters and Demonstrations
Effectiveness Comparison of Email Addresses Recovery from Gravatars
	1 Introduction
	2 Attacks on Gravatar MD5 Hashes
		2.1 Targets
		2.2 Preparation Phase
		2.3 Techniques of Attacks
	3 Results and Findings
	4 Conclusions
	References
A Web Tool for XQuery Debugging
	1 Introduction
	2 Debugging
	3 Future Work
	References
Managing Versioned Web Resources in the File System
	1 Introduction
	2 Mapping LDP Resources into the File System
	3 Implementation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Visualizing Web Users\' Attention to Text with Selection Heatmaps
	1 Introduction
	2 Implementation
	3 Demonstration
	4 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
City-Stories: Combining Entity Linking, Multimedia Retrieval, and Crowdsourcing to Make Historical Data Accessible
	1 Introduction
	2 System Overview
		2.1 Semantic Data Expansion
		2.2 Spatio-Temporal Content Browser
		2.3 Crowdsourcing and Knowledge Visualization
	3 Conclusion
	References
SMOTE: A Tool to Proactively Manage Situations in WoT Environments
	1 Introduction
	2 SMOTE: Situation Management for Smart Environments
		2.1 The Controller
		2.2 The Description Manager
	3 Application
	4 Conclusions
	References
Voice-Based Virtual Assistants for User Interaction Modeling
	1 Introduction
	2 Voice-Based Modeling Assistant
	3 Evaluation
	References
Tutorials
Similarity Search, Recommendation and Explainability over Graphs in Different Domains: Social Media, News, and Health Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 News Industry Example Formulated as a Graph
	3 Related Work
	4 Other Examples: Social Media and Health Industry
	5 Conclusion
	References
High-Level Interaction Design with Discourse Models for Automated Web GUI Generation
	1 Intended Audience and Assumed Background
	2 Tutorial Structure and List of Topics Covered
		2.1 Summary of Topics Covered
	3 Learning Objectives and Outcomes
	4 Biography of Presenter
	5 Tutorial History
	References
Influence Learning and Maximization
	1 Introduction and Objectives
	2 Outline of the Tutorial
	References
Correction to: Web Engineering
	Correction to: M. Brambilla et al. (Eds.): Web Engineering, LNCS 12706, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74296-6
Author Index