Water-from-Air Quick Guide

Historical Perspective 1
Applications 2
Dehumidifiers with a Difference 4
Practicality in Relation to Cities with Water Scarcity 9
Effect of Climate Change on the Water-from-Air Resource 10
Effect of Droughts on the Water-from-Air Resource 13
Water Vapour Density 19
Dew-point 24
Processors of Atmospheric Water Vapour 27
Properties of Liquid Water Near Its Freezing Point 32
Water-from-Air Machine Schematic View 33
Advantages of Water-from-Air 34
Water-from-Air Niches 34
Computer Simulations 35
Limits to Mechanical Dehumidification Efficiency 36
System Sizes and Markets 38
Water Phase Change Methods 39
Energy Cost of Water 39
Water-from-Air Power Sources 40
Water Treatment Methods 41
Case Studies 42
Amortization of Water Cost 43
Water-from-Air Equipment Supplier Checklist for Credibility 44
Environmental Impact on the Atmospheric Water Reservoir 51
Precipitation Enhancement 52
Indirect Environmental Impacts 52
Conclusion 52
References for Appendix 1 53
Revisions to Dehumidifier Standard Test Conditions 69
Appropriateness of Non-standard Test Conditions 71
Normalizing Examples 72
Example 1: PV Power Supply for an AWG, Input Power 1.05 kW 73
Example 2: PV Power Supply for an AWG, Input Power 2.1 kW 76
Solar PV Power Supplies for Examples 1 and 2 79
Price Ratios for Off-grid Solar PV Systems Applied to Two AWGs 81
Water Quality—Microbiological 83
Water Quality—Physical and Chemical 84
Purpose
1. Water-from-Air
	Historical Perspective
	Applications
	Dehumidifiers with a Difference
2. Water Vapour is a Water Resource
3. Where are Water-from-Air Systems Practical?
	Practicality in Relation to Cities with Water Scarcity
	Effect of Climate Change on the Water-from-Air Resource
	Effect of Droughts on the Water-from-Air Resource
4. Two Properties of the Air to Know
	Water Vapour Density
	Dew-point
5. Water-from-Air Machines
	Processors of Atmospheric Water Vapour
	Properties of Liquid Water Near Its Freezing Point
	Water-from-Air Machine Schematic View
	Advantages of Water-from-Air
	Water-from-Air Niches
	Computer Simulations
	Limits to Mechanical Dehumidification Efficiency
	System Sizes and Markets
	Water Phase Change Methods
	Energy Cost of Water
	Water-from-Air Power Sources
	Water Treatment Methods
	Case Studies
	Amortization of Water Cost
	Water-from-Air Equipment Supplier Checklist for Credibility
6. The Future of Water-from-Air Technologies
Water-from-Air Reading List
References
Appendix 1: Environmental impact
	Environmental Impact on the Atmospheric Water Reservoir
	Precipitation Enhancement
	Indirect Environmental Impacts
	Conclusion
	References for Appendix 1
Appendix 2: Guide to the Water-from-Air Resource Chart
Appendix 3: Dew-point and Water Vapour Density against Site Elevation above Sea Level
Appendix 4: Hourly Analysis of the WFA Resource
Appendix 5: Normalizing Water Production Rates
Method
	Revisions to Dehumidifier Standard Test Conditions
	Appropriateness of Non-standard Test Conditions
	Normalizing Examples
Appendix 6: Economics of Off-grid Solar PV For WFA
	Example 1: PV Power Supply for an AWG, Input Power 1.05 kW
	Example 2: PV Power Supply for an AWG, Input Power 2.1 kW
	Solar PV Power Supplies for Examples 1 and 2
	Price Ratios for Off-grid Solar PV Systems Applied to Two AWGs
Appendix 7: Drinking-Water Quality Guidelines
	Water Quality—Microbiological
	Water Quality—Physical and Chemical
APPENDIX 8: Atlas of the water Vapour density field at Earth’s surface by month
APPENDIX 9: Water-from-Air Resource Charts for 23 Cities with water Scarcity
Glossary
Index